Jawo mai kauri, kafafu masu ban sha'awa, tassels mai raha a saman kunnuwan ... Zai zama haka lynx - mafi kyawun halitta daga dangin dangi. Amma ba haka batun yake ba, wannan maƙaryaci ne mai tsanani, wanda barkwanci ba shi da kyau, kuma wasanni ba su dace ba sam! Zai fi kyau ka yaba da halaye da bayyanar wannan dabba mai cancanta daga nesa, ta amfani da tabarau na kyamarar ka a matsayin gani, kuma ba bindiga ba.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Lynx
Lynxes tsoffin dabbobi ne. Juyin Halitta irinsu yana faruwa sama da shekaru miliyan 4. Lynx gama gari, shima Eurasia ne. ya fito ne daga asalin kakannin jinsi na lynx - Issoire Lynx (Issoire lynx). Yana da manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa. Bayyanar wannan kyanwar ta musamman ce - jiki gajere ne, kuma ƙafafu masu ƙarfi dogaye ne.
Lynx na gidan dangin Felinae ne, wanda ke nufin Kananan kuliyoyi. Babban fasalin su shine tauraruwar kashin hyoid, wanda ke hana dabba rawar jiki da karfi. Amma wannan kyanwar na iya yin sautukan kururuwa na dabara waɗanda suke kama da rurin beyar. Da kyau, lynx na iya purr da meow, kamar kowane kyanwa.
Bidiyo: Lynx
Lynxes suna da kyau mara kyau. Suna cike da ulu sosai har takan fita ko da tsakanin yatsun yatsunsu. A lokacin hunturu, ƙafafunsu suna yin laushi musamman, wannan yana taimaka wa kyanwa ta iya tafiya cikin sauƙi a kan dusar ƙanƙara mai dusar ƙanƙara kuma ba ta faɗuwa ta ciki ba. Legsafafun gaba sun fi ƙafafun baya baya. Suna da yatsu 4 kowanne. Kuma a kan kafafun baya akwai 5 daga cikinsu, amma an rage masu biyun. Lynxes suna tafiya da yatsa, kamar kowane kuliyoyi.
Suna da kaifi sosai, masu lankwasawa, don haka waɗannan dabbobin suna da kyau wajen hawa bishiyoyi da duwatsu. Suna motsawa a matakai ko a sandar kuliyoyi, wani lokacin suna yin tsalle na 3-4 m a tsayi, amma da wuya. Suna iya saurin zuwa 65 km / h, kodayake na ɗan gajeren lokaci. Amma gabaɗaya, waɗannan kuliyoyin suna ɗaukar tazara mai kyau. Suna kuma yin iyo sosai.
Wutsiyar lynx ta manya za ta iya zama daga 10 zuwa 30 cm, wanda aka ɗauka tsayin da ba za a iya saninsa ba ga ɗan feli. Thearshen jelar ba shi da kyau, yawanci baƙi ne, amma kuma ana samun farin. Lynx gama gari yana da nauyin kilogram 20. Ba a cika samun mutane masu nauyin kilogram 25 ba. Maza, kamar yadda ake tsammani, sun fi mata girma.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Dabba lynx
Shugaban waɗannan kuliyoyin suna da halaye da halaye da yawa. A gefuna akwai abin da ake kira sideburns - sassan elongated na ulu. Wata alama ita ce sananniyar tassels a kunnuwa. Lynx yana da kunkuntar jaws, babban, hanci mai faɗi. A saman lebe akwai layuka da yawa na vibrissae, masu wahala da tsayi.
Hannun lynx kansa gajere ne. Idanunta manya ne, masu yashi launi, tare da ɗalibai zagaye. Fatarta kyakkyawa ce kawai - mai taushi, mai kauri da tsayi sosai. A yankin ciki, suturar ta kasance tsayi musamman da fari, da ƙananan speck. Launin lynx ya fara ne daga fawn-smoky zuwa m-red. Duk ya dogara ne da yankin wurin zama - mafi nisa kudu ita ce, yadda lynx ke da ja sosai.
Za'a iya yin karin haske game da Spotting. A matsayinka na mai mulki, ana ba da speck a baya, bangarorin da kan kyanwa. A cikin ciki, tabon yana da wuya, inda ulu kusan koyaushe tsarkakakku ne farare. Molting yana faruwa sau biyu a shekara. Lynx ɗin lokacin bazara ya fi na hunturu laushi da duhu. Sauraren sun fi bayyane sosai a lokacin rani. Tassels a kan kunnuwa koyaushe suna da launi mai duhu, tsawon su 4 cm.
Lynx yana da kyakkyawan sauraro, ba ƙaramin godiya ga tassels ba. Yayin farauta, kuli-kuli tana iya jin sautuka ma masu saurin gudu. Misali, tana iya jin kurege yana cushewa da rassa a nesa na mita 100. Idanunta ma sun bunkasa sosai, lynx na iya rarrabe launuka har ma da matakin haskensu! Amma ƙanshin cat ɗin ba shi da ƙarfi, amma idan tafarkin sabo ne, a sauƙaƙe zai bi kayan abincin.
A ina lynx ke rayuwa?
Hotuna: Lynx cat
Lynx na rayuwa ne a cikin dazuzzuka masu tsauni inda akwai ganima mai yawa. A cikin ƙananan gandun daji ko gandun daji, ba shi da yawa. Hakanan ana samun wannan kyanwar a cikin tsaunuka da kuma murtsuntsun daji. Lynx ba zai taɓa zama a wuraren buɗewa ba. Gabaɗaya, tana ƙoƙari ta kasance a cikin yankunan da take zaune kamar yadda ya yiwu.
Babban haɗin gwiwar yana rayuwa ne kawai a Arewacin ofasashen Duniya. Mazauninsa ya kai kusan dukkanin Scandinavia, Turai, gabas da arewacin Rasha, har zuwa tsakiyar Asiya.
Kasashen da ake samun lynx na kowa:
- Yankin Balkan: Serbia, Macedonia, Albania;
- Jamus;
- Carpathians: daga Czech Republic zuwa Romania;
- Poland;
- Belarus;
- Yukren;
- Rasha;
- Scandinavia: Norway, Finland, Sweden;
- Faransa;
- Switzerland;,
- Transcaucasia: Azerbaijan, Armenia, Jojiya;
- Asiya ta Tsakiya: China, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan;
- 'Yan kwalliya
Daga cikin dukkanin dangin dangi, lynx na yau da kullun shine dabba mafi saurin juriya. An samo shi har ma fiye da Arctic Circle, a cikin Scandinavia. Da zarar ana iya ganin wannan dabba a kowane yanki na Turai. Amma zuwa tsakiyar karni na 20, kusan an gama da shi sosai a Tsakiya da Yammacin Turai.
A yau yawan waɗannan kuliyoyin suna ƙoƙarin dawo da su, kuma cikin nasara sosai. Koyaya, ƙarami ne ko'ina. A cikin Rasha, kashi 90% na lynxes suna zaune ne a cikin dazukan da ke cikin Siberia, duk da cewa ana samun su daga iyakokin yammacin ƙasar zuwa Sakhalin kanta.
Menene lynx ke ci?
Hotuna: Babban lynx
Idan akwai abinci da yawa a yankin, lynx yana jagorantar salon zama. In ba haka ba, dole ne ta yi ta yawo neman abinci.
Tushen abincin lynx yawanci shine:
- farin kurege;
- tsuntsaye
- kananan beraye (berayen filaye);
- dawakai;
- karnuka raccoon;
- beavers;
- dabbobin daji;
- muz;
- lokaci-lokaci ƙananan ungulu: barewa, barewa, doki da barewa;
- da wuya kuliyoyi da karnuka na gida.
Lynx yana farauta, akasin duk ra'ayoyi game da wannan, ba tsalle akan wanda aka azabtar daga itace ba, amma kallon sa a ƙasa. Kwanto ita ce hanyar farautar da cat ta fi so. Hakanan tana son yin sihiri zuwa kusa da wanda aka azabtar kamar yadda ya kamata, sannan kuma ta garzaya da ita da saurin walƙiya, don yin magana, don ɓoye ta. Lynx na iya ɓoyewa a bayan kututture, kututtukan bishiyun da suka faɗi, kuma yana kai hari, yana yin tsalle-tsalle, tsayinsa 4 m.
Ba ta bin abin da za ta ci na tsawon lokaci, da zaran ta yi gudu 60-80 m, kyanwar za ta fizge. Amma wannan ya fi sau da yawa don ɗaukar dabba mai gape. Idan harin ya gaza, fushin fushin zai sa wasu tsalle tsalle cikin bi da tsayawa. Wani lokaci mai farautar yakan kashe kananan dabbobi masu dauke da fur don kawai don nishadi.
Yana bugun babban wanda aka azabtar a gaban jiki, yana manne ga maƙogwaro ko wuya tare da fika, yana kawo azaba mai zafi ga dabbar. Dabbar da ta ji rauni na iya jan kuli a kanta na ɗan lokaci har sai ta kumbura. Lynx baya cin nama da yawa a lokaci guda; yana ɓoye babban ɓangare a ajiye.
Don haka mataccen barewar barewa na tsawon kwanaki 4, mai rarrafe kusan makonni biyu, da kurege kwanaki 2-3 kawai. Kuliyoyi ba su da ƙwarewa sosai wajen ɓoye kayan abincinsu; da sauri sukan yayyafa shi da dusar ƙanƙara da ganye. Saboda haka, kananan dabbobi sukan dauke shi kafin kyanwar da kanta ta dawo cin abinci akan ragowar bukin.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Wild Lynx
Lynx shine mafarautan dare. Tana ɓoyewa a cikin lokutan hasken rana, kuma da shigowar dare sai ta bar wurin ɓuya. Lynx galibi yana zaɓar burbushin mutane, dawakai ko bajakada a matsayin wurin hutawa. Idan ba sa nan, duk wata hudaya a cikin dutsen, rami, reshen wata doguwar bishiya ko wani daji mai wuyar wucewa zai yi. Lynx ya kusanci wurin kwance a hankali don kar ya bar alamomi; ya yi tsalle zuwa can daga nesa, yana kwaikwayon rashi.
Wannan dabbar tana rayuwa daidai a cikin dusar ƙanƙara idan akwai wadatar ganima a wurin. Saboda suturar da take da tabo, lynx zai iya zama cikin sauƙin rawanin bishiyoyi a magariba ko wayewar gari. Wasan hasken rana yana bawa mai farauta damar ɓoye fatarta mai haske daga ganima.
Lynx dabba ce mai hankali, amma ba ta da tsoron mutane. Sau da yawa takan zauna a cikin gandun daji na biyu wanda hannayen mutane suka kirkira. A cikin shekaru masu yunwa, kyanwar har zuwa ƙauyuka da ƙananan garuruwa. Mai farauta baya afkawa mutane sai idan ya ji rauni ko kare kyanwa. Kodayake yana iya haifar da lahani mai mahimmanci, saboda tana da ƙusa da ƙwanƙwasawa masu ƙarfi.
Lynx ana ɗaukarsa mai cutarwa mai cutarwa, kodayake, kamar kerkeci, akasin haka, yana da fa'ida, yana kashe dabbobi marasa lafiya da rauni. Masana kimiyyar dabbobin Rasha sun ce babu wasu sanannun hare-haren lynx kan mutane. Kuma wannan abin mamaki ne, saboda saurayi baligi zai iya wargaza ƙwararren kare makiyayi, wanda ya ninka shi nauyi ninki biyu.
Dangane da duk bayanan jiki, lynx na iya kaiwa mutum hari da kyau, amma ba haka ba. Akasin haka, akwai lokuta yayin da lynx ke samun sauƙin ɗan adam. Bayan an kubutar da su daga tarkon, kuliyoyin sun zama sanannun mutane har sun yarda sun shiga cikin hannayensu kuma sun tsarkaka da karar injin.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Lynx kyanwa
Lynxes yana da salon rayuwa shi kaɗai. Koyaya, a ƙarshen Fabrairu, lokacin rutarwa yana farawa, kuma duk mutane sun fara neman kamfanin su. Yawancin lokaci kuliyoyin shiru suna farawa meow, purr da kururuwa da yawa. A lokacin estrus, maza da yawa na iya bin mace a lokaci ɗaya. Wanda hakan kan haifar da fada mai karfi a tsakanin su.
Lokacin da mace ta zabi wacce za ta aura wa kanta, sai su fara nuna wa juna alamun hankali: idan sun sadu, sai su “dunkule” da goshinsu, su yi hancin hanci. Amma babban bayyanin ji shine lasawa da gashin abokin tarayyar ku. A cikin kogon, inda lynxes ba da daɗewa ba za su bayyana, ƙasan an liƙe a hankali. A saboda wannan, mace tana amfani da gashin tsuntsaye, ulu mara laushi da ciyawa bushe.
Ciki ya yi gajarta - kwanaki 60-70 ne kawai, a ƙarshen Afrilu - Mayu ya bayyana. Yawancin lokaci ana haihuwar 'ya'yan kyanwa 2-3, masu nauyin 250-300 g. Kurame ne kuma makaho ne. Duk kulawa da zuriyar shine kasuwancin uwa. Tana tabbatar da cewa suna da dumi, tsaftace shimfida, lasa da ciyar da lynxes, tana korar mafarauta daga gida.
Yara na tsawon watanni biyu, jariran suna shayar da nonon uwa, kuma bayan wannan lokacin suna da hakora. Bayan wannan, tuni suna iya lalata naman da mahaifiya ta kawo, amma har yanzu madara na taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin abincin su. A wata uku, jariran suna barin gida kuma suna tafiya ko'ina tare da mace.
Kittens a wannan lokacin har yanzu basu yi kama da mahaifiyarsu ba. Gashinsu launin ruwan kasa ne mai haske, tare da aan tabo. Kuma za su sami tassels da gefen goge ne kawai da shekara ɗaya da rabi. Iyalin ba za su iya rabuwa ba har zuwa lokacin saduwa ta gaba. Sannan ita da kanta zata bar lynxes, amma har yanzu zasu kasance tare har zuwa wani lokaci.
Idan ciki bai zo a shekara mai zuwa ba, mace na iya zama tare da kyanwa a duk wannan shekarar har sai sun zama manya. Lynxes ya kai ga balagar jima'i a shekaru 1.5-2. Kuma tsawon rai ga cat gaba ɗaya ya kai shekara 15. A cikin bauta, suna iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 25.
Abokan gaba na lynx
Hotuna: Lynx a Rasha
Baya ga mutumin da ya kasance yana kashe lynx shekaru da yawa, hakanan yana da abokan gaba na halitta.
Da farko dai, waɗannan sune sauran manyan kuliyoyi:
- jaguars;
- cougars;
- Lynx na Kanada.
A lokacin hunturu, musamman a shekarun yunwa, gungun kerkeci babban haɗari ne ga kyanwa mai kadaici. Suna kewaye ganimar su kuma suna yayyage su zuwa raƙuman raƙuman rahama. Idan lynx ya sadu da kerkeci ɗaya-da-ɗaya, yana da damar da za ta kayar da shi, amma ba shi da ƙarfi a kan duka fakitin.
A cikin yaƙin neman ganima, ana iya kayar da lynx a cikin yaƙi da damisa ko damisa mai dusar ƙanƙara. Zasu iya zuwa yaƙi tare da ita don ganimar da kyanwar ta riga ta kashe, kuma sau da yawa lynx ɗin tana gudu a cikin irin waɗannan yanayi. Saboda dalilai guda, an dauki wolverines a matsayin abokiyar gaba. Dabbobin, kodayake kanana ne, suna da matukar damuwa ga kyanwar, suna iya korar wani babban mai farauta daga abincinsu.
Amma ƙananan lynxes na iya zama ganima ga zahiri duk wani mai farautar da ya fi su girma. Ba kawai dawakai, kerkeci da sauran kuliyoyi suna ƙoƙari su hau cikin gidan dangi ba, har ma da beyar. Koyaya, mace da wuya ta bar kyanwarta, tana kāre su sosai daga duk baƙon da ba a gayyata ba.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Lynx a cikin gandun daji
Lynx abu ne da aka daɗe ana cinikin fur, ƙishirwa ga mahimmin furinta har yanzu yana motsa zuciyar mafarauta da mafarauta. Shekaru aru-aru, ana amfani da fatun waɗannan kuliyoyin masu kyan gani don huluna da suturar gashi. Haka ne, kuma mutane ba sa son lynxes, duk da cewa ba su taɓa taɓa dabbobin gida ba, da kuma mutane da kansu. Duk wannan ya haifar da hallaka baki ɗaya.
A cikin ƙasashen Turai da yawa, lynx gama gari nau'ikan nau'in ne. Ko da tare da kariya da yunƙurin dawo da wannan tseren ƙasa, yana cikin haɗari. An tsara wannan nau'in a cikin littafin Red Book na Moscow, kuma an ba shi lambar yabo ta 1. Tunda kusa da iyakar kudu na yankin Moscow, wannan dabba tana gab da ƙarewa.
Koyaya, gabaɗaya, ana samun lynx sau da yawa akan yankin ƙasar Rasha. A wasu ƙasashe, lamarin ya sha bamban. A Yankin Balkan akwai ƙananan mutane dozin. A cikin Jamus a farkon ƙarni na 20, waɗannan dabbobin sun sake zama a dajin Bavaria da Harz.
Mafi yawan jama'a, ban da Siberia, suna cikin Carpathians. Akwai mutane kusan 2,200. A Belarus, lynxes 1000 suna zaune a Belovezhskaya Pushcha da Tatras. Kusan dabbobi 2500 aka samo a yankin Scandinavia. A Faransa, lynxes suma an hallaka su kuma a cikin 1900 an sake dawo dasu zuwa Pyrenees da Vosges. Lynxes gama gari sun mamaye Switzerland a cikin 1915, kuma daga nan suka bazu zuwa Austria da Slovenia.
Lynx mai gadi
Hotuna: Lynx Red Book
Adadin kuliyoyin masu farauta suna raguwa ba kawai saboda lalata inji ba, amma kuma saboda lalata muhallin sa: sare bishiyoyi, wargaza wasa.
Matakan don adana yawan lynx sune:
- Tsananin dokokin farauta ga wadannan dabbobi;
- Adana halittu a cikin asalinsu;
- Kulawa da albarkatunta na abinci: kurege, barewa;
- Rage yawan fakitin kerkeci;
- Gwagwarmaya ta yaƙi da farauta ta hanyar tarko, wanda galibi yakan faɗa cikin lahani.
Dabba mai doguwar kafa, lynx, yana jan hankali da sihiri. Ba abin mamaki ba ne a zamanin da cewa ita cikakkiyar dabba ce tsakanin Slav. Wasu kafofin ma suna magana ne game da kamanceceniyar kalmomin "lynx" da "Rus". A cikin Gomel, wannan kyanwar dajin har yanzu ita ce babbar alama ta birni. Mai haɗari da sauri, amma ba rashi na alheri da alheri, wannan kyanwar tana da sha'awar kimiyya sosai. Don kiyaye irin wannan kyakkyawar dabba da haɓaka yawanta shine babban aikin mutum a yau.
Ranar bugawa: 02/26/2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 09/15/2019 da 19:33
