Lantarki Stingray sanannen sananne don takamaiman tsarin jikinsa, wanda ba za a iya rikita shi da kowa ba. Kari akan haka, yana da siffofi guda biyu masu saurin kisa: wutsiya mai kaifi wacce zata iya huda abokan gaba cikin sauki (kuma a wasu jinsunan ma guba ce), da kuma damar samar da wutar lantarki da ta kai 220 volts.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Photo: Electric stingray
Asalin haskoki har yanzu batun rikici ne. A cikin bambancin da aka fi sani, stingrays sun samo asali ne daga sharks, wasu daga cikinsu sun canza salon rayuwarsu ta yau da kullun don matsuguni na ƙasa mai matsakaici. Sakamakon wadannan sauye-sauyen, yanayin jikin dabbobi da yadda ake gudanar da tsarin kwayoyin halitta sun canza.
Idan mukayi la'akari da dalla-dalla asalin halittar halittar kifin guringuntsi, to bisa ga ɗayan juzu'in, kakanninsu ɗaya shine rukunin kifin mai sulke. Daga na karshen, masu gabobin jikinsu sun rabu a zamanin Devonian. Sun ci gaba har zuwa lokacin Permian, sun mamaye duka ginshiƙan ruwa da ruwa, kuma sun haɗa da rukunin kifaye daban-daban 4.
A hankali, ƙarin kifin masu ƙarfi mai ci gaba ya fara maye gurbinsu. Bayan lokuta da yawa na gasa, ƙarar kifin mai saurin ɗaukewa ya ragu sosai, ƙungiyoyi 2 ne kawai suka rage. Mai yiwuwa, a tsakiyar zamanin Jurassic, kakannin maguzan da suka rabu da ɗayan rukunin da ya rage - sharks na gaskiya.
Adabin ya ambaci sunan tsohon wakilin haskoki - xyphotrigon, wanda ya wanzu kimanin shekaru miliyan 58 da suka gabata. Abubuwan burbushin da aka samo suna yin shaidar babbar kamannin waje na kakaninmu da mutanen zamani. Yana da irin surar jikinsa kuma yana da doguwa, kamar wutsiya mai daddawa wacce dabbar take buga dabbarta, ko kare kanta daga makiya.
Rikice-rikice ba batun asali bane kawai, har ma da rabe-raben zamani. Masana kimiyya daban-daban sun danganta stingrays ɗin zuwa masarauta, yanki, ko yanki. Dangane da rarrabuwa mafi yawan yarda, ana rarrabe stingrays a matsayin mai mulkin sarki, wanda ya hada da umarni 4: lantarki, rhombus, sawtooth da wutsiya. Jimlar yawan jinsunan suna kusan 330.
Wakilan hasken lantarki suna iya kaiwa mita biyu a rayuwa, tare da matsakaita mai nuna mita 0.5-1.5. Matsakaicin matsakaici ya kusan kusan kilogiram 100, matsakaicin nauyi ya kai 10-20 kilogiram.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Marble Electric Stingray
Jiki yana da siffar zagaye, madaidaiciya, ƙaramin wutsiya tare da fincin kaho da na sama 1-2. Abubuwan da firam din suka yi girma tare, suna baiwa kifin fasali da kuma samar da fukafukai wadanda ake kira. A kan kai, idanun da ke fitowa da feshi a bayyane suke - ramuka da aka tsara don numfashi. A mafi yawan lokuta, hangen nesa yana da kyau sosai, amma, a wasu nau'in kusan ba ya nan, kuma idanuwa suna nitsewa a karkashin fata, misali, wakilan halittar hasken ruwa mai zurfin teku. Ga irin waɗannan mutane, ana maye gurbin hangen nesa ta hanyar amfani da lantarki - ikon fahimtar ƙananan motsin lantarki da ke fitowa daga ƙwayoyin halitta, da sauran gabobin ji.
Bude bakin da guntun gill suna can kasan jikin. A cikin aikin numfashi, ruwa yana shiga cikin rami ta cikin squirt kuma yana fita ta rami. Wannan hanyar numfashi ta zama sifa ce ta musamman ta dukkan masu wayo kuma tana da alaƙa kai tsaye da tsarin rayuwar ƙasa. Idan, yayin numfashi, sun haɗiye ruwa da bakunansu, kamar sharks, to yashi da sauran abubuwan ƙasa zasu shiga cikin rafin da ruwa, yana cutar da gabobin m. Sabili da haka, ana gudanar da shan abincin a ɓangaren sama na jiki, amma fitar da ruwa daga fashewar yana taimaka wajan kumbura yashi don neman ganima.
Af, saboda yanayin wuri ɗaya na idanu da baki, mayuka a zahiri ba sa iya ganin abin da suke ci.
Sashin sama na jiki yana da launuka iri-iri, wanda ya dogara da asalin launi na mazaunin. Yana taimaka wa kifi yin kamun kai da ɓoye wa maharan. Matsakaicin launi daga duhu ne, kusan baƙi, kamar baƙin lantarki mai haske, zuwa haske, launi mai launi, kamar wasu nau'ikan halittar daffodils.
Abubuwan da ke jikin sama suna da bambanci sosai:
- manyan ɗigon haske da haske, kamar a cikin hasken lantarki mai haske;
- circlesananan da'irar baƙar fata kamar daffodil mai tabo;
- ieananan dige-dige, kamar marmara
- mara kyau, manyan duhu da ɗigon haske, kamar na Cape Narc;
- alamu na ado, kamar na jinsi Diplobatis;
- duhu, kusan baƙaƙen zane, kamar daffodil;
- monochromatic coloration, kamar a gajeren guntun gnus ko baki stingray;
- ƙananan ɓangaren jiki a cikin yawancin nau'ikan sun fi na sama sauki.
A ina ne wutar lantarki ke rayuwa?
Photo: Electric stingray kifi
Godiya ga launin kariya, mutane sun mallaki ƙasan kusan dukkanin tekuna da tekuna. Yan kasa, wannan rukuni ne da aka shimfida. Karbuwa zuwa kewayon zafin jiki mai yawa daga +2 zuwa + digiri 30 a ma'aunin Celsius, hasken lantarki ya ba da damar cika gabobin ruwa masu gishiri na duniya, sun fi son ɗumbin yanayi mai zafi da na wurare masu zafi. Suna rayuwa a cikin nau'ikan taimako daban-daban, kuma kusan dukkanin mutane suna da halin rashin motsi.
Wasu suna riƙe da yashi ko laka a yankunan bakin teku, inda, a lokacin barci ko jiran abin farauta, sukan shiga cikin yashi, suna barin gani kawai idanun da ɓarna da ke tashi sama da kawunansu. Wasu kuma sun kafa maɗaurar murjani da wuraren da ke kewaye da su, wanda launinsu ya rufa musu baya. Har ila yau, kewayon zurfin mazaunin yana da yawa. Kowane mutum na iya rayuwa a cikin ruwa mara zurfi da zurfin da ya wuce mita 1000. Wani fasali na wakilan zurfin teku shine rage gabobin hangen nesa, misali, Morsby stingray ko faded zurfin teku.
Hakanan, wasu mutane suna da haske mai haske a saman jiki don jawo hankalin ganima cikin duhu.Wasu halittun ruwa mara kyau wadanda ke rayuwa a yankunan bakin ruwa na iya cin karo da mutane yayin neman abinci ko kaura da kuma nuna karfin wutan su don dalilan kariya.
Menene stingray na lantarki ke ci?
Hotuna: Skat
Abincin abincin haskoki na lantarki ya hada da plankton, annelids, cephalopods da bivalve molluscs, crustaceans, kifi, da gawawwaki daban-daban. Don kama abin farauta ta hanyar tafiye-tafiye, stingrays suna amfani da fitarwa na wutar lantarki da aka samar a cikin gabobin haɗi a gindin ƙafafun firam. Bugun ya rataya a kan wanda aka azabtar kuma kamar ya rungume shi da fikafikansa, a wannan lokacin yana fitar da wutar lantarki, abin birgewa ga ganima.
A wasu lokuta, fitarwa daya ba ta isa ba, saboda haka gangaren na iya samar da har zuwa gomman irin wadannan fitowar, karfin su a hankali yana raguwa. Ikon samarwa, adanawa da kuma sakin wutar lantarki tsarin mai juyayi ne yake tsara shi, don haka maƙera suna sarrafa aikin kuma suna tabbatar da cewa basa kashe dukkan kuzarin, suna barin marasa kariya.
Wata hanyar farauta ita ce latsa ganima zuwa ƙasa kuma ci gaba da cin ta. Wannan shine yadda kifi ke yi da mutane masu nutsuwa waɗanda basa iya hanzarin ninkaya ko rarrafe. A bakin yawancin jinsuna, haƙoran haƙoran suna cushe sosai wanda ya haifar da tsari mai kama da grater. Wannan shine yadda suka bambanta da yawancin dangin su na kusa - sharks. Suna haƙo ganima da haƙoransu.
Irin wannan nau'in kamar gnus mai gajeren lokaci yana da ikon iya buɗe bakin, saboda abin da yake farauta da cin babban abincin da ya kai rabin tsawon jikinsa, kuma a wasu lokuta ma ya fi haka. Duk da salon rayuwarsu, stingrays suna da kyakkyawan abinci.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Photo: Abin da stingray kama
Duk yanayin stingrays yana da halin rayuwar kadaici. Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, sun gwammace su natsu da rana, suna kwance a ƙasa ko binne kansu cikin yashi. A hutawa, suna bincikar yankin da ke kewaye da su ta hanyar amfani da wutan lantarki, wanda ke gano ganima ko makiyi. Haka nan, suna iya sadarwa tare da juna, watsawa da ɗaukar sigina na lantarki kamar jemage.
Wannan ƙwarewar tana da haɓaka sosai a cikin dukkan haske. Farautar kifi da ninkaya da daddare, a lokacin ne mafi yawansu suka dogara da tsinkayen siginonin lantarki, tunda ko a cikin wadanda hangen nesan su bai ragu ba, bai isa sosai ba kuma baya iya isar da cikakken hoto game da yanayin, musamman a cikin duhu ...
A cikin rukunin ruwa, tsuntsaye suna motsawa cikin nutsuwa, kamar suna tashi a cikin ruwa, basa buƙatar, sabanin sharks, da sauri sauri don kiyaye numfashi. Yunkurin yana faruwa ne sakamakon dacewar da yake yi da fikafikan firam, ko kuma fukafukan da ake kira. Saboda yanayin fasalinsu, ba sai sun yi ƙoƙari sosai don neman kansu a cikin ruwa ba. Duk da raunin da aka samu, maɓuɓɓuka suna iya iyo da sauri, musamman a lokacin motsawa daga mai farauta.
A wasu nau'ikan, firam din firam kanana ne kuma kifin yana motsawa saboda zafin wutsiya mai ƙarfi. Wata hanyar motsi ita ce fitowar ruwa mai kaifi daga hancin da ke gefen ciki, wanda ke ba wa gangaro damar yin zagaye a cikin layin ruwan. Tare da irin wannan motsi, yana tsoratar da masu yuwuwar cin nasara, amma game da kusanci da shi, fitowar wutar lantarki ta zama ƙarin kariya.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: Stingray kifi
Stingrays kifin ne mai ɗauke da cartilaginous. Tsarin haihuwa yana da matukar rikitarwa.
Akwai hanyoyi guda uku amfrayo yana tasowa:
- Ga wasu, haihuwar da rai halaye ne, lokacin da duk matakan ci gaba ke faruwa a jikin uwa kuma an haife cikakkun mutane. Ta wannan hanyar ne, kananan haskoki ke tasowa kuma ana haihuwarsu juya su zuwa wani bututu, hanya daya tilo da zasu iya dacewa da mahaifar, musamman idan suna da yawa. Don hasken lantarki, abincin mahaifa amfrayo na halayyar halayya ne saboda fitowar ta musamman, kama da villi, ta inda ake samar da abubuwan gina jiki daga jikin uwa zuwa ga amfrayo.
- Sauran nau'ikan suna amfani da ovoviviparity, lokacin da amfanonin da aka killace a cikin bawo mai wuya suna cikin mahaifa. Waɗannan ƙwai suna ɗauke da sinadarai masu muhimmanci don ci gaban amfrayo. Balaga yana faruwa a cikin ƙwai, wanda mace mai ɗauke da ɗa, har zuwa lokacin da ɗiyan suka ƙyanƙyashe.
- Wani zabin shine samar da kwai, lokacin da mace tayi kwai na musamman wanda ke dauke da dumbin abubuwan gina jiki, gyara su akan abubuwan da ke dauke da sinadarai tare da taimakon igiyoyi na musamman.
Matashi, sabon haifaffen kifi ko ƙyanƙyashe tuni yana da ikon samar da wutar lantarki. Dangane da gaskiyar cewa an haifa zuriya yadda ya dace don rayuwa, yawan adadin amfrayo a cikin jinsuna daban-daban ya bambanta, amma a matsakaita bai wuce mutane 10 ba. Stingrays suna lalata jima'i. Balaga ta jima'i na faruwa ne yayin da haskoki suka kai wani girman, misali, a cikin kayan narcotics na Jafanawa, mata zasu iya haihuwa a tsawon jikinsu kusan 35 cm, kuma maza, a tsawon 20 zuwa 40 cm.
Abokan gaba na hasken lantarki
Photo: Electric stingray
Dukkanin kwalliyar, gami da na lantarki, manyan kifaye masu farauta ne ke farautar su. A mafi yawan lokuta, waɗannan sharks ne na nau'ikan daban-daban. Daidai saboda kasancewar adadi mai yawa na abokan gaba, canza launi, tsarin rayuwa, aikin dare da kariya daga wutar lantarki yana basu damar kiyaye lambobin su.
Wani abokin gaba ga kamun kifin shine nau'ikan kwari irin na parasitic. Stingrays sun kamu da su yayin ciyarwa, kuma suka zama masaukin su na dindindin ko na ɗan lokaci. Wannan ba abin mamaki bane, saboda masu cuwa-cuwa suna cin duk abin da suka samu, ban da matattun ƙwayoyin halittar da zasu iya zama masu ɗaukar ko kuma karɓar tsutsotsi na gaba.
Baya ga kifayen da ke cin karensu ba babbaka, don haskakawar lantarki akwai hatsarin kamun kifi ga sauran nau'ikan kifin, wanda kai tsaye yake shafar yawan jama'a.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Marble Electric Stingray
Hasken wutar lantarki ya bazu a duk duniya, musamman a yankunan bakin teku na teku da tekuna daban-daban.
An wakilta su da nau'ikan 69, wadanda aka hada su cikin wadannan iyalai:
- narcotic;
- gnus;
- kayan maye.
Duk nau'ikan suna da ikon samarwa da sakin halin yanzu zuwa mataki daya ko wata. Yawancin nau'ikan an ba su matsayin "tare da ƙaramar haɗari"; babu nau'ikan Littattafan Littafin Bayarwa tsakanin hasken lantarki. Hasken wutar lantarki ba safai ake cinsa ba saboda basu da kima.
Haɗarin waɗannan dabbobi yana wakiltar kamun kifi mai yawa na kasuwanci, inda ba zato ba tsammani su ƙare kamar yadda-kama. Hakanan, gillnets da aka saita don sauran nau'in kifi da tarkon squid ana amfani dasu don tarkon stingrays. Da zarar an kama su cikin babban kamun kifin da aka kama, mafi yawan ƙwayoyi suna mutuwa, wannan yana da mahimmanci ga jinsunan teku masu zurfin da ba su da faranti masu ƙarfi masu ƙarfi a saman jiki. Gabaɗaya, an rage ikon tsira don irin waɗannan ɓarnar. Stingrays tare da bawo mai wuya sun fi dacewa da rayuwa.
Kasancewa cikin ramin gill ko tarkon squid, sun zama sauƙin ganima ga manya da ƙananan kifayen farauta, tun da ba za su iya iyo ba, kuma adadin halin yanzu na kariya yana da iyaka. Suna haifar da haɗari ga mutane idan sun haɗu da su. Sakamakon fitowar ba mai mutuwa ba ne, amma yana da haɗari ta yadda zai iya haifar da rashin motsi kuma, a cikin mawuyacin hali, rasa sani. Irin wannan taron na iya faruwa a kowane bakin tekun da yan iska ke rayuwa. Suna da wahalar ganowa da rana, sabili da haka ya kamata a bi ka'idoji na iyo lafiya a cikin irin waɗannan wuraren.
Abubuwan ban mamaki na halittu sun koyi daidaitawa akan gabar rayuwa, sun sami ci gaban mutum da kuma ingantattun abubuwa na daidaitawa sama da miliyoyin shekaru na ci gaba, duka cikin ilimin halittar jiki da na ɗabi'a. Zaba ramin lantarki dabarun da aka tabbatar sun yi nasara, kamar yadda ya nuna ta hanyar kamanceceniya da jinsin kakannin kakanninmu, wanda ya kasance bai canza ba tsawon miliyoyin shekaru na juyin halitta.
Ranar bugawa: 29.01.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 18.09.2019 a 21:26
