Ananan priman birrai da ke rayuwa musamman a Afirka, waɗanda kakanninsu (primitive galagos) lemurs na zamani suka sauko.
Bayanin galago
Galago daya ne daga cikin zuriya 5 na dangin Galagonidae, wanda ya hada nau'ikan 25 na nau'ikan lamuran dareform. Suna da kusanci da Loris kuma a baya ana ɗaukarsu ɗayan rukunin gidajen su.
Bayyanar
Dabbar tana da sauƙin ganewa saboda fuskarsa mai ban dariya da idanuwan ruwa da kunnuwa masu ganowa, da kuma doguwar jela mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi, kamar kangaroo, ƙafafu. Tsakanin mai ma'ana, ba wai a ce idanu masu kumburi ba, akwai layin haske, kuma idanun kansu an tsara su cikin duhu, wanda hakan ke sa su zurfafa da girma.
Manyan kunnuwa marasa kaifi, wadanda aka haye ta tudu guda hudu masu motsi, suna motsa kansu ba tare da junan su ba, suna juyawa zuwa hanyoyi daban-daban. Erananan tubercle (kama da ƙarin harshe) yana a ƙarƙashin babban harshe kuma yana cikin tsabtace fur tare da haƙoran gaba. Theushin fika a yatsan kafa na biyu na ƙafar baya kuma yana taimakawa tsefe gashin.
Galagos sun daɗe, tare da ƙusoshin ƙusoshin hannu, yatsu masu yatsun hannu masu kauri a matakansu, waɗanda ke taimakawa wajen riƙe rassa a tsaye da saman wurare.
Extendedafafun suna da ƙarfi sosai, kamar yadda ƙafafun baya suke da kansu, wanda yake ɗabi'ar dabbobi da yawa masu tsalle. Doguwar jelar galago tana da ƙarfi a yanayin matsakaici (tare da haɓaka tsayin gashi daga tushe zuwa ƙarshen launi mai duhu).
Gashi a jikin yana da ɗan tsayi, mai ɗan wavy, mai laushi da ƙarfi. Gashi mafi yawan launuka launuka ne-launin toka-ruwan toka, launin ruwan kasa-toka-toka-ruwan toka ko ruwan kasa, inda ciki koyaushe ya fi haske baya, kuma gefuna da gabobinsa da ɗan rawaya.
Girman Galago
Andanana da manyan firai masu tsayi na jiki daga 11 (galabar Demidov) zuwa cm 40. Wutsiya ta ninka tsawon jiki sau 1,2 kuma tana daidai da cm 15-44. Manya suna da nauyin zangon daga 50 g zuwa kg 1.5.
Rayuwa
Galago yana rayuwa a cikin kananan kungiyoyi karkashin jagorancin shugaba, babban namiji. Yana korar duk mazan da suka balaga daga yankinsa, amma ya yarda da kusancin samari maza da kula mata da yara. Matasa maza, waɗanda aka kora daga kowane bangare, galibi suna ɓacewa a cikin kamfanonin bachelor.
Alamar ƙamshi suna aiki ne a matsayin alamomin iyaka (kuma a lokaci guda, masu gano mutum na musamman) - galago yana goge ƙafafunsa / ƙafafunsa da fitsari, yana barin ƙamshi mai ɗaci duk inda yake gudu. An ba shi izinin ƙetare iyakokin sassan yayin lokacin rutting.
Galago dabbobi ne masu ban sha'awa da tsakar dare, suna hutawa da rana a cikin ramuka, tsofaffin gidajen tsuntsaye ko tsakanin manyan rassa. Fuskantar da galago da aka farka ba zato ba tsammani yana da jinkiri da rana, amma da daddare yana nuna tsananin tashin hankali da kuzari.
Galago yana da kyakkyawar damar tsalle sama har zuwa mita 3-5 a tsayi kuma damar tsalle a tsaye har zuwa mita 1.5-2.
Dabbobin suna saukowa ƙasa, ko dai su yi tsalle kamar kangaroos (a ƙafafunsu na baya), ko kuma su yi tafiya a ƙafa huɗu. Wutsiya yana da ayyuka biyu - mai riƙewa da mai daidaitawa.
Hankali da sadarwa
Galagos, azaman dabbobin zamantakewar jama'a, suna da tarin kayan aiki na sadarwa, gami da murya, yanayin fuska da ji.
Sauti sigina
Kowane nau'in galago yana da nasa muryar murya, wanda ya kunshi sautuka daban-daban, aikin su shine jawo hankalin abokan hulɗa a lokacin rutsi, tsoratar da wasu masu nema, kwantar da jarirai ko faɗakar da su game da wata barazana.
Galagos na Senegal, alal misali, suna sadarwa ta hanyar sauti 20, waɗanda suka haɗa da raɗaɗi, gurnani, girgiza girgiza, yawan kuka, atishawa, ihuwa, haushi, clucking, croaking, da fashewar abubuwa. Gargadi ga danginsu game da hatsarin, galagos ya koma wani kukan firgici, bayan haka ya gudu.
Galagos kuma suna amfani da sautuna masu ƙarfi don sadarwa, waɗanda sam ba sa iya gani ga kunnen mutum.
Kukan na miji da na mata yayin rudani ya yi kama da kukan yara, shi ya sa a wasu lokutan ake kiran galago da "bush baby". Yaran suna kiran uwa da sauti “tsic”, wanda take amsawa da taushi mai taushi.
Ji
Galagos suna da ji na musamman wanda ba na yau da kullun ba, don haka suna jin kwari masu tashi koda cikin duhun duhu a bayan labulen ganye. Don wannan kyautar, primates ya kamata su gode wa yanayi, wanda ya ba su da kunnuwa masu ban mamaki. Kunnuwan gutta-percha na galago na iya mirgina daga tip zuwa tushe, juyawa ko lanƙwasa baya. Dabbobin suna kare kunnuwansu masu kyau ta hanyar ninkawa suna danna su zuwa kawunansu lokacin da zasu yi hanyarsu ta cikin ƙaya.
Bayyanar fuskoki da layuka
Lokacin gaida abokin aiki, galagos yawanci yakan taba hancinsu, bayan haka sai su watse, suyi wasa ko tsefe junan juna. Batun tsoratarwa ya hada da duban abokan gaba, kunnuwan da suka yi baya, daga girare, bude baki tare da hakora a rufe, da jerin tsalle sama da kasa.
Tsawon rayuwa
An kimanta tsawon rayuwar galago ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Wasu kafofin ba su wuce shekaru 3-5 ba a cikin yanayi kuma sau biyu a cikin wuraren shakatawa. Wasu kuma sun ambaci lambobi masu ban sha'awa: shekaru 8 a daji da kuma shekaru 20 a tsare idan an kiyaye dabbobin yadda ya kamata.
Jima'i dimorphism
Bambanci tsakanin maza da mata yafi nunawa cikin girman su. Maza, a matsayin mai mulkin, sun fi mata nauyin 10%, ban da haka, na biyun suna da nau'i 3 na mammary gland.
Galago jinsin
Jinsin Galago ya hada da kasa da dozin biyu:
- Galago alleni (galago Allen);
- Galago cameronensis;
- Galago demidoff (galago Demidova);
- Galago gabonensis (kasar Gabon galago);
- Galago gallarum (Somaliya galago);
- Galago granti (Galago Grant);
- Galago kumbirensis (dwarf Angolan galago);
- Galago matschiei (gabashin galago);
- Galago moholi (kudancin galago);
- Galago nyasae;
- Galago orinus (dutsen galago);
- Galago rondoensis (Rondo galago);
- Galago senegalensis (Senegalese galago);
- Galago thomasi;
- Galago zanzibaricus (Zanzibar galago);
- Galago cocos;
- Galago makandensis.
Nau'in na ƙarshe (saboda ƙarancinsa da ƙarancin karatu) ana ɗaukarsa mafi ban mamaki, kuma wanda aka ambata kuma ya yadu shine ake kira Galago senegalensis.
Wurin zama, mazauni
An san Galagos a matsayin watakila mafi yawan birrai na nahiyar Afirka, tunda ana iya samun su a kusan dukkanin gandun daji na Afirka, da savannas da bishiyoyin da ke girma a gefen manyan koguna. Duk nau'ikan galago an daidaita su don zama a yankuna masu bushewa, haka kuma zuwa canjin yanayi, kuma cikin nutsuwa daga tsayayyen 6 ° zuwa 41 ° Celsius.
Galago abinci
Dabbobin suna da komai, kodayake wasu nau'in suna nuna sha'awar gastronomic ta kwari. Abincin Galago na yau da kullun ya ƙunshi abubuwan shuka da na dabbobi:
- kwari, kamar ciyawa;
- furanni da ‘ya’yan itace;
- matasa harbe da tsaba;
- invertebrates;
- verananan ƙwayoyi waɗanda suka haɗa da tsuntsaye, kaza, da ƙwai;
- danko.
Sauti ne yake gano ƙwayoyin, tun kafin su shigo filin hangen nesa. Ana kama ƙwarinku da suka wuce da ƙafafunsu na gaba, suna manne da reshe da ƙafafun baya. Bayan ya kama kwari, dabbar sai ta cinye shi nan da nan, ta tsuguna, ko kuma damke abin farauta da yatsun kafa kuma ta ci gaba da farauta.
Foodarin abincin da yake da araha shine, itarin sararin samaniya yana ɗauka a cikin abincin, wanda yawan sa ya bambanta dangane da lokacin. A lokacin damina, galagos suna cin kwari da yawa, suna canzawa zuwa itacen itace tare da farkon fari.
Lokacin da yawan sunadaran dabba a cikin abincin ya ragu, magabata suna lura da rashin nauyi, tunda danko baya bada damar sake biyan kudin makamashi mai yawa. Koyaya, yawancin galagos suna da alaƙa da wasu shimfidar wurare, inda bishiyoyi "masu buƙata" ke girma kuma ana samun kwari, waɗanda tsutsarsu ke yin su, yana tilasta su su fitar da mayuka mai gina jiki.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Kusan dukkanin galagos suna yin kiwo sau biyu a shekara: a Nuwamba, lokacin da lokacin damina ya fara, da kuma Fabrairu. A cikin kamuwa, rutting yana faruwa a kowane lokaci, amma mace ma tana kawo zuriya ba fiye da sau 2 a shekara.
Abin sha'awa. Galagos suna auren mata da yawa, kuma namiji baya rufe ɗayan, amma mata da yawa, kuma wasannin soyayya tare da kowane abokin tarayya suna ƙarewa tare da ayyukan jima'i da yawa. Uba na kauce wa tarbiyyar zuriyar da za su haifa nan gaba.
Mata na daukar cuba cubansu na tsawon kwanaki 110-140 kuma suna haihuwa a cikin gidan da aka riga aka gina na ganye. Sau da yawa ana haihuwar ɗa da nauyinta yakai kimanin 12-15 g, sau da yawa - tagwaye, har ma sau da yawa - yan uku. Mahaifiyar tana ciyar da su da madara na tsawon kwanaki 70-100, amma a ƙarshen sati na uku sai ta gabatar da abinci mai ƙarfi, ta haɗa shi da ciyar da madara.
Da farko, mace na dauke da 'ya'ya a cikin hakoranta, tana barinsu na wani karamin lokaci a cikin rami / gida kawai don cin abincin rana da kanta. Idan wani abu ya dame ta, sai ta canza matsayinta - ta gina sabon gida kuma tana jan 'ya'yan a can.
Da misalin makonni 2 da haihuwa, jariran sun fara nuna 'yanci, suna kokarin fita daga hankali daga cikin gida, kuma cikin makonni 3 suna hawa rassan. 'Ya'yan birrai masu watanni uku sun koma gida na asali ne kawai don bacci da rana. Ayyuka masu haifuwa a cikin dabbobin samari ba a san su a farkon shekara 1 ba.
Makiya na halitta
Saboda salon rayuwarsu ta dare, galagos suna guje wa masu cin abincin rana da yawa, kawai ba tare da kama idanunsu ba. Koyaya, manya da dabbobi dabbobi sukan zama ganima:
- tsuntsaye, yawanci mujiya;
- manyan macizai da kadangaru;
- karnukan kare da kuliyoyi.
Shekaru da dama da suka gabata ya zama cewa abokan gaban galago sune ... chimpanzees da ke zaune a yankin savannah na Senegal. Wannan Baturen Bature Paco Bertolani da Ba'amurkiya Jill Prutz ne suka yi wannan binciken, wadanda suka lura cewa Chimpanzees suna amfani da kayan aikin 26 don aiki da farauta.
Toolaya daga cikin kayan aiki (mashi mai tsayi m 0.6) musamman masu sha'awar su - reshe ne wanda aka yanta daga bawo / ganye mai ƙwanƙwasa. Da wannan mashin ne chimpanzees ke huda galago (Galago senegalensis), yana yin wasu jerin bugun ƙasa da sauri, sa'annan yana lasar / shaƙar mashin don ganin idan harbin ya kai ga makasudin.
Kamar yadda ya zama, 'yan kuli-kuli sai sun tafi farauta da mashi saboda rashin jan launi (abin da suka fi so) a kudu maso gabashin Senegal.
Kammalawa ta biyu da masana kimiyya suka yi ta sanya mu kallon juyin halittar mutum daban. Prutz da Bertolani sun lura da cewa samari da yawa, yawancinsu mata, suna amfani da mashi, daga baya suna ba yaransu dabarun da suka samu. A cewar masanan, wannan na nuna cewa mata sun taka rawar gani wajen bunkasa kayan aiki da kere-kere fiye da yadda ake zato.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Yawancin galagos suna kan Lissafin IUCN amma an lasafta su kamar LC (Leananan Concananan ernwarewar). Babban barazanar ana ganin rashin asarar muhallin ne, gami da fadada wuraren kiwo, kiwo da ci gaban kasuwanci. Nau'in LC (kamar na 2019) ya haɗa da:
- Galago alleni;
- Galago demidoff;
- Galago gallarum;
- Galago granti;
- Galago matschiei;
- Galago moholi;
- Galago zanzibaricus;
- Galago thomasi.
Nau'in na ƙarshe, wanda aka samo a yankuna masu kariya da yawa, an kuma jera su a CITES Shafi II. Galago senegalensis kuma an lakafta shi da taƙaitaccen LC, amma yana da takamaiman bayanansa - ana kama dabbobi don sayarwa azaman dabbobi.
Kuma nau'in daya ne kawai, Galago rondoensis, a halin yanzu ake gane shi mai matukar hatsari (CR). Saboda sharewar guntun gandun daji na karshe, ana nuna yanayin yanayin jinsin yana raguwa.
