Tundra yanki ne na yanayi wanda aka iyakance shi a gefe guda ta hanyar fadada kankara mara iyaka na Arctic, kuma a dayan ta dazukan taiga. Lokacin hunturu a wannan yankin yana ɗaukar watanni tara har ma a lokacin rani ƙasa tana narke kawai kusa da farfajiya. Amma tsananin yanayi bai sanya tundra cikin wani babban wuri mara rai ba. Gida ne na dabbobi da yawa. Don rayuwa a cikin yanayin Arewa, dabbobi, tsuntsaye da sauran mazaunan tundra dole ne su zama masu ƙarfi, masu tauri, ko amfani da wasu dabarun rayuwa.
Dabbobi masu shayarwa
Yawancin nau'o'in dabbobi masu shayarwa suna zaune a cikin yankunan tundra. Waɗannan galibi sune shuke-shuke na shuke-shuke, waɗanda suka saba da wadatuwa da ƙarancin ciyayi sama da miliyoyin shekaru na kasancewar su a cikin irin wannan yanayi. Amma kuma akwai masu farautar da ke farautar su, da kuma dabbobi masu cin komai.
Reindeer
Wadannan kayan fasaha ana daukar su daya daga cikin manyan mazaunan tundra. Jikinsu da wuyansu dogaye ne, amma ƙafafunsu gajere ne kuma ba su dace sosai ba. Dangane da gaskiyar cewa a neman abinci, barewa a koyaushe dole ta runtse kansa da wuyansa ƙasa, yana iya ba da ra'ayi cewa yana da ƙaramin huji.
Reindeer ba ya halin alherin layi da motsi masu kyau, waɗanda ke halayyar jinsin da ke da alaƙa da ke zaune a kudu. Amma wannan herbivore yana da kyan gani na musamman: duk bayyanar sa alama ce ta ƙarfi, amincewa da juriya.
A kan kan dabbarda akwai manyan, ƙahoran reshe, ƙari, ana samun su a cikin maza da wannan nau'in da mata.
Rigarsa tana da kauri, mai danshi da na roba. A lokacin hunturu, Jawo yakan zama mai tsayi musamman kuma yana haifar da ƙaramar hanta da fuka-fukai tare da ƙananan jikin da kewayen kofofin. Layin gashi ya kunshi rumfa mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi, a ƙarƙashinta kuma akwai labule mai kauri, amma mai siriri sosai.
A lokacin rani, launin mai laushi shine kofi-ruwan kasa ko ash-kasa-kasa, yayin da a lokacin hunturu launin fur ɗin ya zama daban-daban, ya yi haske zuwa fari, kazalika da wuraren da suka yi duhu sosai sun bayyana a ciki.
Kasancewar suna da cututtukan gumi da ba su ci gaba ba, ana sake tilasta masu sake bude bakinsu a lokacin rani, lokacin da ya yi musu zafi, domin a kalla daidaita yanayin zafin jikinsu.
Tsarin musamman na kofato, wanda gabobin yatsun zasu iya zamewa, kamar yadda yake, da kuma "burushi" da aka yi da ulu, wanda yake hana rauni ga ƙafafu kuma, a lokaci guda, yana ƙaruwa yankin tallafi, yana ba dabba damar sauƙin motsawa koda kan dusar ƙanƙara sosai.
Godiya ga wannan, mai yin rago zai iya yin ƙaura a duk faɗin tundra don neman abinci a kowane lokaci na shekara, ban da, watakila, waɗancan ranakun da akwai tsananin ƙanƙarar iska.
Ba shi yiwuwa a kira rayuwarsu mai sauƙi, tunda waɗannan dabbobin suna da makiya da yawa a cikin tundra. Musamman, an farautar dawa da bea, kerkeci, dabbobin daji da wolf. Idan barewa ta yi sa'a, to a cikin yanayi na iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 28.
Caribou
Idan babban mai ba da gudummawa yana zaune a yankunan turera na Eurasia, to, caribou mazaunin tundra ne na Arewacin Amurka. Ya banbanta kaɗan daga dangin Eurasia, sai dai gaskiyar cewa ta caribou ana nufin mai daɗewar daji. A baya can, adadi mai yawa na waɗannan dabbobin yawo a arewacin nahiyar ta Amurka. Amma har zuwa yau, yawan caribou ya ragu sosai.
A Arewacin Amurka, waɗannan ƙananan raƙuman ruwa na caribou suna rayuwa a cikin tundra:
- Greenland caribou
- Caribou Granta
- Caribou Piri
Abin sha'awa! Caribou ya kasance cikin daji saboda 'yan asalin Arewacin Amurka ba sa bautar da su, kamar yadda kabilun da ke zaune a arewacin Eurasia suka taba yi, wadanda suka mayar da mai siyen.
Bighorn tumaki
Dabba mai karfin tsarin mulki da matsakaiciyar girma, wanda shine wakilin jinsi daga raguna daga umarnin artiodactyl. Kan yana karami, kunnuwa kuma ba su da yawa, wuyansa muscular ne, mai ƙarfi kuma gajere. Ahonin suna da ƙarfi, suna da girma da girma. Suna kama da zoben da bai cika cika ba. Tushensu yana da kauri sosai kuma yana da girma, kuma kusa da ƙarshen ƙahonin an taƙaita su sosai kuma sun fara lankwasawa kaɗan zuwa ɓangarorin.
Tumakin Bighorn suna zaune a yankunan tsaunuka, ƙari kuma, wannan dabbar ba ta sauka a wuraren da tsayin dusar ƙanƙarar ya wuce santimita 40, kuma ɓawon burodi da yawa bai dace da su ba. Yankin rarrabawarsu ya shafi Gabashin Siberia, amma ya ƙunshi fannoni daban-daban, inda mazaunan wannan dabbar ke rayuwa.
Abin sha'awa! An yi imanin cewa babban tumaki ya bayyana a Siberia kimanin shekaru 600,000 da suka gabata, a lokacin da Eurasia da Amurka ke haɗuwa da Bering Bridge da ya ɓace daga baya.
Ta hanyar wannan tsafin ne tsoffin magabatan garken tumaki suka yi kaura daga Alaska zuwa yankin gabashin Siberia, inda, daga baya, suka kirkiro wani jinsin daban.
Dangin su na kusa su ne ragunan babban Amurka da raguna. Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan na ƙarshe ma mazaunan tundra ne, duk da haka, Arewacin Amurka: iyakar su ta faro daga kudancin Alaska zuwa British Columbia.
Miski sa
Kakannin wannan dabbar sun taba zama a tsaunukan tsakiyar Asiya. Amma kimanin shekaru miliyan 3.5 da suka gabata, lokacin da ta yi sanyi, sai suka zauna ko'ina cikin Siberia da arewacin Eurasia. Hakanan, ta hanyar Bering Isthmus, sun isa Alaska, kuma daga can suka isa Greenland.
Shanun maski suna da ban sha'awa sosai: suna da ƙarfi da ɗoki, manyan kawuna da gajerun wuya. Jikin waɗannan ciyawar na ciyawa an lulluɓe da ulu mai veryan tsayi mai kauri, wanda ke da wata irin alkyabba, ƙari ma, itsarfashinta mai kauri ne, mai laushi, kuma a ɗumi ya ninka ulu ulu sau takwas. Horahonin shanun musk suna da ƙarfi kusa da tushe, suna da siffa mai jujjuya kuma suna taɓowa zuwa ƙarshen gefe.
Yawancin shanu na musk dabbobi ne na zamantakewar al'umma; suna rayuwa ne a cikin ƙananan garken garken mata waɗanda ke da yara da yara maza da samari. Manya maza na iya rayuwa daban, yayin da a lokacin rutting suke kokarin kwace kanzon kurege da karfi daga kananan abokan hamayya, wadanda kuma, suna kare su sosai.
Yin lemo
Smallaramin linzamin linzamin kwamfuta wanda yake na dangin hamster. Lissafi ne ke samar da tushen wadatar abinci ga yawancin masu lalata da ke rayuwa a cikin tundra.
Wannan matsakaiciyar halitta ce, wacce girmanta, tare da jelarsa, bai wuce 17 cm ba, kuma nauyinta gram 70 ne, galibi yana haifar da salon keɓewa. Tsawan rayuwar lemmings takaice ne, sabili da haka, waɗannan dabbobin sun riga sun dace da kiwo tun suna da makonni shida. Mata na haihuwar farko da shekara biyu zuwa watanni 2-3, kuma a cikin shekara guda kawai tana iya samun yara shida, masu lambobi 5-6 kowannensu.
Lemmings yana cin abincin shuke-shuke: iri, ganyaye da kuma tushen bishiyoyin dwarf. Ba sa yin hirar, amma a lokacin rani suna gina ɗakunan ajiya inda suke ɓoye kayan abinci, waɗanda suke ci a lokacin yunwa. A yayin da kayan abinci a wani yanki suka ƙare, alal misali, saboda rashin girbi, yakamata yin ƙaura zuwa sabbin yankuna inda har yanzu abinci bai ƙare ba.
Wadannan nau'ikan lemmings suna rayuwa a cikin tundra:
- Yammacin Yaren mutanen Norway
- Yabon Siberia
- Yin leffin Hoofed
- Lemming Vinogradov
Dukkanansu an zana galibi a cikin launuka masu launin shuɗi mai launin ja, haɗe da alamun duhu, misali, baƙi ko launuka masu launin toka.
Abin sha'awa! Yakin da aka yi da hooped ya bambanta da danginsa ba kawai ta mara kyau ba, launin toka-toka-toka mai launuka masu launin ja, amma kuma gaskiyar cewa ƙafafun tsakiya biyu a kan gaban goshinsa suna girma, suna yin wani irin farar cokali mai yatsa.
Ba'amurke gopher
Duk da sunan su, squan wasan Amurkawa mazauna Eurasia ne na yau da kullun, kuma, misali, a cikin Chukotka, zaku iya saduwa dasu sau da yawa. A arewacin Rasha, waɗannan dabbobin na dangin squirrel suna da nasu kuma a lokaci guda suna mai ban dariya: a nan ana kiran su evrashki.
Squungiyoyin ƙasa suna rayuwa cikin yankuna, kowanne ɗayan ya haɗa da mutane 5-50. Waɗannan dabbobin kusan ba su da komai, amma yawancin abincinsu ya ƙunshi abinci na tsire-tsire: rhizomes ko kwararan fitila, 'ya'yan itace, ɓarke shrub da namomin kaza. Saboda gophers na buƙatar makamashi mai yawa a cikin yanayin sanyi, an kuma tilasta musu cin kwari da manyan kwari. A cikin mawuyacin hali, suna iya cin abinci a kan gawa, karban sharar abinci, ko ma farautar danginsu, kodayake, galibi, Evrashki suna da abokantaka da juna.
Irasashen ƙasa na Amurka suna aiki ne kawai a lokacin rani, don sauran watanni 7-8 suna cikin yanayin bacci.
Kurege Arctic
Ofayan manyan zomaye: tsayin jikinsa ya kai 65 cm, kuma nauyinsa ya kai kilogiram 5.5. Tsawon kunnensa ya fi guntu, misali, na kurege. Wannan ya zama dole domin rage zafin rana a cikin yanayi mara kyau. Afafun kafa suna da fadi, kuma an rufe kusoshin yatsun kafa da ƙafa tare da gashi mai kauri, suna yin wani abun goga. Saboda wadannan sifofi na tsarin gabar jiki, zomo na iya tafiya kan dusar kankara mara dadi.
Zomo ya samo sunansa ne saboda a lokacin hunturu launinsa fari ne tsan tsan, sai dai ga bakin kunnuwan. A lokacin bazara, an fararre farin zomo a cikin launuka masu launin shuɗi ko ruwan toka. Wannan canjin yanayi na yanayi yana taimaka masa ya rayu, yana mai da kansa kamar launi na muhalli, don haka a lokacin sanyi yana da wuya a ganshi a cikin dusar ƙanƙara, kuma a lokacin rani yana kan ƙasa wanda aka rufe da ciyawar tundra.
Jawo ja
A cikin tundra, fox yana ciyar da lemmings, amma wani lokaci baya damuwa da cin wasu ganima. Waɗannan dabbobin ba sa kama da zomo sau da yawa, amma ƙwai tsuntsaye da kaza sau da yawa suna cikin abincinsu.
A lokacin bazara, karnukan da ke rayuwa a kusa da manyan koguna suna ciyar da abinci ne musamman kan kifin kifin kifi wanda ya raunana ko ya mutu bayan haihuwa. Wadannan canines din basa kyamar kadangaru da kwari, kuma a lokacin yunwa zasu iya cin mushe. Koyaya, dawakai ma suna buƙatar abincin tsire. Wannan shine dalilin da yasa suke cin 'ya'yan itace ko tsire-tsire.
Dawakai da ke zaune kusa da matsuguni da cibiyoyin yawon bude ido ba kawai suna ziyartar wuraren zubar da shara ba ne don samun riba daga sharar abinci, amma kuma suna iya rokon abinci daga mutane.
Tundra da warkoki na polar
An rarrabe da kerkeci ta babban girmansa (nauyi ya kai kilogiram 50) kuma mai haske sosai, wani lokacin kusan fari, dogo, mai taushi da kauri gashi. Kamar sauran kerketai, wakilan wannan ƙananan raƙuman daji ne.
Suna farautar beraye, kurege da ungulates. Babban ɓangare na abincinsu shine naman dabba, sabili da haka, kerkeci masu yawanci sukan yi ƙaura bayan garkensu. Dabbar na iya cin nama har zuwa kilogiram 15 a lokaci guda.
An ajiye kyarketai na Tundra a garken mutane 5-10, suna farautar babban wasa tare, amma idan ba a lura da shi ba a fagen kallo, sai su yi linzamin kwamfuta, suna hakar ramin lemmings.
A yankuna na arctic tundra, suma zasu iya kai hari ga shanu miski, amma naman waɗannan tsarikan ya zama banda ban da wani ɓangare na abincin su.
Abin sha'awa! A cikin tundra, musamman a yankunan da ke makwabtaka da Arctic, akwai kuma kerkeci wanda zai fi girma girma.
Tsayinsa ya kai 80-93 cm a busasshiyar, kuma nauyinsa zai iya kaiwa kilo 85. Abubuwan halayyar waje mafi kyau na waɗannan masu farautar sune ƙanana, zagaye a ƙarshen kunnuwa, farat fararen fata da doguwar laushi mai laushi. Kerketai masu tsattsauran ra'ayi suna farautar yawanci lemmings da hares, amma kuma suna buƙatar ganima mafi girma, kamar su dabbobin dawa ko musk, don su rayu. Waɗannan masu farautar suna rayuwa cikin garken tumaki, da lambobi daga mutane 7 zuwa 25.
Arctic fox
Smallaramin ɓarawon canine mai kama da fox. Akwai zaɓuɓɓuka masu launi guda biyu don wannan dabba: al'ada, fari da abin da ake kira shuɗi. A cikin farin fararen, a lokacin hunturu, ana iya kwatanta farin farin fox da dusar ƙanƙarar da ta faɗi, kuma a cikin shuɗi mai shuɗi, rigar ta fi duhu - daga kofi mai yashi zuwa baƙin ƙarfe-ƙarfe ko launuka masu launin azurfa. Blue foxes rare ne a cikin yanayi, sabili da haka suna da daraja sosai tsakanin mafarauta.
Karnukan Arctic sun fi son zama a cikin tundra mai tuddai, inda suke tona ramuka a kan tsaunukan yashi na tsaunuka, wadanda suke da matukar rikitarwa kuma wasu lokuta mawuyatan hanyoyin karkashin kasa.
Yana yawanci ciyarwa akan lemmings da tsuntsaye, kodayake, a zahiri, yana da komai. Wani lokaci ma karnukan Arctic koda sukan kuskura su afkawa 'ya'yan dabbobin da suka kauce daga garken. A wani lokaci, ba za su rasa damar cin kifi ba, wanda kawai za su iya karba wanda aka riga aka wanke a bakin ruwa, ko kama su da kansu.
Duk da cewa Kwarin Arctic wata dabba ce mai dauke da furci, mafarauta ba sa son ta saboda wannan mai farautar ya sace musu abincin da ya fada tarkon.
Ermine
Wani maharbin da ke rayuwa a cikin tundra. Ermine shine matsakaiciyar dabba ta gidan weasel. Yana da jiki mai tsawo da wuya, da gajarta kafafu da kai wanda yayi kama da alwatika. Kunnuwa kanana ne, zagaye, wutsiya tana da tsayi sosai tare da halayyar bakin baki mai kama da buroshi.
A lokacin hunturu, furcin ermine fari ne mai ƙanƙanin dusar ƙanƙara banda baƙin bakin wutsiya. A lokacin rani, ana fentin wannan dabba a cikin inuwar launin ruwan kasa-ja, kuma ciki, kirji, wuya da kunu suna da farin-cream.
Kuskuren yana cinye ƙananan beraye, tsuntsaye, kadangaru, amphibians, da kifi. Zai iya kaiwa dabbobin da suka fi girmansa girma, misali, zomo.
Duk da karancin girman su, bambance-bambance ana rarrabe su ta hanyar karfin gwiwa da azama mara misaltuwa, kuma idan suka tsinci kansu a cikin wani yanayi mara bege, sai su ruga koda ga mutane ba tare da wata damuwa ba.
Polar bear
Mafi girma kuma, wataƙila, mafi ƙarfi da haɗari mai haɗari na tundra. Ya fi zama a cikin yankunan polar tundra. An banbanta shi da sauran nau'ikan dangin beyar ta hanyar doguwar wuya da madaidaiciyar kai tare da ɗan madaurin bakin ciki. Launi mai kauri da dumi wannan dabbar tana da launin rawaya ko kusan fari, wani lokacin ulu tana samun koren launi saboda gaskiyar cewa algae masu saurin microscopic sun zauna a cikin kogon gashin.
A ƙa'ida, polar bears tana farautar hatimai, walruses da sauran dabbobin ruwa, amma suna iya cin kifin da ya mutu, kajin, ƙwai, ciyawa da algae, kuma a kusa da biranen suna rige-rige a cikin shara shara don neman sharar abinci.
A cikin yankuna na tundra, polar bear suna rayuwa galibi a lokacin sanyi, kuma a lokacin rani suna ƙaura zuwa yankunan Arctic mai sanyi.
Tsuntsayen Tundra
Tundra gida ne ga tsuntsaye da yawa, yawanci suna isowa cikin waɗannan ɗakunan sanyi a cikin bazara. Koyaya, a cikinsu akwai waɗanda suke rayuwa a cikin tundra har abada. Sun koyi daidaitawa da mummunan yanayi sakamakon juriya da ikon rayuwa a cikin mawuyacin yanayi.
Plantain lapland
Ana samun wannan mazaunin arewacin tundra a Siberia, da kuma a arewacin Turai, Norway da Sweden, yawancin ƙananan ƙungiyoyi suna zaune a Kanada. Ya fi son zama a cikin wuraren tsaunuka waɗanda ke da shuke-shuke.
Wannan tsuntsu bai banbanta a cikin girma ba, kuma dambarwar hunturu ba ta da tabbas: mara daɗi-launin kasa-kasa tare da ƙananan launuka masu duhu da ratsi a kai da fuka-fuki. Amma lokacin kiwo, itacen Lapland yana canzawa: yana samun launuka iri daban-daban na baki da fari a kai, kuma bayan kai ya zama ja-kasa-kasa.
Shuke-shuken Lapland suna gina gidansu kai tsaye bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke, suna gina ta a kan ciyawarsu, tushensu da gansakansu, kuma cikin ciki an rufe shi da gashin dabbobi da ciyawa.
Itacen Lapland yana lalata sauro da yawa waɗanda ke rayuwa a cikin tundra, saboda sune yawancin abincin sa.
A lokacin hunturu, lokacin da babu kwari masu shan jini, itacen plantain yana cin 'ya'yan itacen.
Bututun mai jan-wuya
Wannan karamin tsuntsu mai rarrabuwar dangi na wagtail yana zaune ne a cikin Eurasian tundra da kuma gabar tekun yamma na Alaska. Ya fi son zama a yankuna masu dausayi, ƙari ma, yana gina gida dama a ƙasa.
Wannan dutsen ya samo sunanta ne saboda gaskiyar cewa makogwaronsa, kuma, a wani bangare, kirji da gefuna, an zana su a cikin inuwar launin ruwan kasa-ja. Ciki, kumbura, da zoben ido farare ne, kuma saman da baya suna masu launin ruwan kasa tare da ratsi masu duhu.
Bututun mai-makogwaro yana raira waƙa, yawanci a cikin tashi, ƙasa da yawa idan ya zauna a ƙasa ko a kan reshe. Waƙar wannan tsuntsu tana kama da abubuwa uku, amma sau da yawa yakan ƙare da sautuka.
Gwaninta
Matsakaici ko ƙananan sandpipers, waɗanda aka rarrabe ta babban gini, gajeren doka madaidaiciya, fikafikan elongated da wutsiya. Afaffun abin yan gajeran gajeru ne, yatsun baya baya nan. Launin baya da kai yawanci launin ruwan kasa ne masu launin toka, ciki da ƙasan jelar sun kusan fari. Zai iya zama alamun raɗaɗi da fari a kan kai ko wuya.
Plovers suna ciyarwa galibi akan ɓarna, kuma, ba kamar sauran masu tafiya ba, suna neman su, da sauri suna tafiya ƙasa don neman ganima.
Masu makircin suna yin bazara a cikin tundra, inda suke kiwo, kuma a lokacin sanyi suna tashi zuwa Arewacin Afirka da Yankin Larabawa.
Punochka
Wannan tsuntsu, wanda ake kira da dusar ƙanƙara mai dusar ƙanƙara, gida-gida ne a yankunan tundra na Eurasia da Amurka.
A lokacin kiwo, yawancin maza suna da fari da fari, yayin da mata baƙi ne da launin ruwan kasa, wanda ke yin haske a ciki da kirji kusan fari. Bugu da ƙari, duk gashin tsuntsaye masu duhu suna da haske mai haske. A lokacin hunturu, launi yana canzawa don dacewa da launi na farin ciki, wanda ya cika da ciyawa mai ruwan kasa kuma ba a rufe shi da dusar ƙanƙara ba, tunda a can ne ɓullar dusar ƙanƙara take rayuwa a wannan lokacin na shekara.
A lokacin bazara, waɗannan tsuntsayen suna cin kwari, a lokacin hunturu suna canzawa zuwa abinci, babban ɓangarensu shine tsaba da hatsi.
Punochka sanannen halayen almara ne tsakanin mutanen da ke zaune a yankunan arewacin.
Farar kunkuru
A lokacin hunturu, zaninsa fari ne, yayin da lokacin rani ptarmigan yana da motsawa, launin ruwan kasa, an haɗe shi da farare da baƙaƙen alama a cikin sigar taru. Ba ta son tashi, don haka, ta tashi a kan fikafikan ne kawai a matsayinta na ƙarshe, misali, idan ta tsorata. Sauran lokutan ya fi son ɓoyewa ko gudu a ƙasa.
Tsuntsaye suna ajiye a kananan garken, mutane 5-15 kowanne. Ma'aurata an halicce su sau ɗaya kuma don rayuwa.
Ainihin, ptarmigan yana ciyar da abincin shuke-shuke, wani lokacin zasu iya kama kuma su ci invertebrates. Banda keɓaɓɓu a cikin kwanakin farko na rayuwarsu, waɗanda iyayensu ke ciyar da su da ƙwari.
A lokacin hunturu, ptarmigan ya shiga cikin dusar ƙanƙara, inda yake ɓoyewa daga masu farauta, kuma, a lokaci guda, neman abinci yayin rashin abinci.
Tundra swan
Yana zaune cikin sassan Turai da Asiya na Rasha, kuma ana samun su anan da can akan tsibiran. Yana zaune a yankunan ruwa. Yana yawanci ciyarwa akan ciyawar ruwa, ciyawa, 'ya'yan itace. Tundra swans da ke zaune a gabashin kewayon su kuma suna ciyar da ƙwayoyin ruwa da ƙananan kifi.
A waje, yayi kama da sauran farin swans, misali, masu ruwa, amma ƙarami a cikin girma. Tundra swans suna da mata daya, wadannan tsuntsayen suna rayuwa ne har abada. Gida an gina shi akan tsaunuka, ƙari ma, an rufe shimfidar ciki da ƙasa. A lokacin kaka, suna barin gidajen su na shuɗewa suna zuwa hunturu a ƙasashen Yammacin Turai.
Farin Owl
Mujiya mafi girma da ke rayuwa a cikin yankin Arewacin Amurka, Eurasia, Greenland da kuma tsibirai daban-daban a cikin Tekun Arctic. Ya bambanta a cikin farin farin, mai daskararre tare da ruwan toka da duhu. Chickaunar mujiya mai dusar ƙanƙara mai launin ruwan kasa ce. Tsuntsaye manya suna da gashin tsuntsu a ƙafafunsu, kwatankwacin fuka-fukai.
Irin wannan canza launin yana bawa wannan maharin damar yin kamanninsa da asalin ƙasa mai dusar ƙanƙara. Babban bangaren abincin shi ya kunshi rodents, arctic hares da tsuntsaye. Bugu da kari, mujiya mai dusar kankara na iya ciyar da kifi, kuma idan ba shi nan, to zai ci gawar.
Wannan tsuntsu bai banbanta da surutai ba, amma a lokacin kiwo yana iya fitar da babbar murya, kuka kwatsam, mai kama da croaking.
A ƙa'ida, mujiya mai yin dusar ƙanƙara tana farauta daga ƙasa, cikin hanzari don yunƙurin farauta, amma da magariba tana iya cim ma ƙananan tsuntsaye kai tsaye a cikin jirgin.
Dabbobi masu rarrafe da amphibians
Tundra ba shine mafi kyawun mazaunin irin waɗannan halittu masu son zafi ba. Ba abin mamaki bane cewa kusan babu dabbobi masu rarrafe a wurin. Banda wasu nau'ikan dabbobi uku masu rarrafe wadanda suka sami damar daidaitawa da yanayin sanyi. Akwai nau'ikan amphibians biyu kawai a cikin tundra: Siberian salamander da toad gama gari.
Futsin sanda
Yana nufin yawan kadangararrun kafafun karya. Tsawonsa ya kai cm 50. Launin launin ruwan kasa ne, mai launin toka ko na tagulla, maza suna da raƙuman haske da duhu a kwance a gefen, mata sun fi launi iri ɗaya. A lokacin bazara, wannan kadangarun na aiki da rana, kuma a lokacin bazara babu dare. Buya a cikin ramuka, rubabben kututture, tsibiyoyi na rassa. Sandar sanda ba ta da ƙafa, saboda haka, mutane ba tare da sani ba sukan rikita shi da maciji.
Liadangaren Viviparous
Wadannan dabbobi masu rarrafe ba sa saurin fuskantar sanyi fiye da sauran nau'ikan kadangaru, sabili da haka, zangonsu ya fadada zuwa arewa zuwa mafi tsawan tsaunuka. Ana kuma samun su a cikin tundra. Zadangarorin Viviparous masu launin ruwan kasa ne, tare da ratsi mai duhu a gefen. Ciki na maza ja ne-orange, kuma na mata yana da launin rawaya ko rawaya.
Wadannan dabbobi masu rarrafe suna ciyar da dabbobi masu rarrafe, galibi kwari. A lokaci guda, ba su san yadda ake cinye abincinsu ba, sabili da haka, ƙananan invertebrates sun zama abin farautar su.
Siffar wadannan kadangaru shine haihuwar yara masu rai, wanda hakan bashi da dabi'a ga mafi yawan dabbobi masu rarrafe wadanda suke kwai.
Macijin gama gari
Wannan maciji mai dafi, wanda ya fi son yanayin sanyi, yana yin kyau a cikin yanayin tundra. Gaskiya ne, dole ne ta ciyar da yawancin shekara a cikin ɓoyewa, ɓoyewa a wani wuri a cikin rami ko cikin ramin rami. A lokacin rani yana son rarrafe don ɗorawa da rana. Yana ciyarwa a kan beraye, amphibians da kadangaru; a wani lokaci, yana iya lalata tsuntsayen tsuntsaye da aka gina a ƙasa.
Ya bambanta a cikin launin toka mai launin toka, launin ruwan kasa ko ja. A bayan macijin akwai bayyanannen yanayin zigzag mai duhu.
Macijin ba ya da tashin hankali ga mutum kuma, idan bai taɓa ta ba, zai yi rarrafe a hankali cikin kasuwancinsa.
Siberia salamander
Wannan sabon shine kawai amphibian da ya sami damar daidaitawa zuwa yanayin permafrost. Koyaya, a cikin tundra, ba safai yake bayyana ba, tunda salon rayuwarsa yana da alaƙa da dajin taiga. Yana ciyarwa galibi akan ƙwayoyin cuta da sauran ƙananan invertebrates.
Glycerin, wanda hantarsu ta samar dashi gabanin bacci, yana taimakawa wadannan sabbin rayuwar su cikin sanyi.
Gabaɗaya, adadin glycerin dangane da nauyin jiki a cikin salamanders a wannan lokacin na shekara ya kai kusan 40%.
Toaure gama gari
Kyakkyawan babban amphibian, wanda aka lulluɓe da fata mai laushi na launin ruwan kasa, zaitun, terracotta ko inuwa mai yashi. A cikin taiga yana ciyar da yawancin kwari. Yana hibernates a cikin ramuka da ƙananan rodents suka haƙa, ƙasa sau da yawa ƙarƙashin dutse. Lokacin kai hari ga masu farauta, yakan tashi da ƙafafunsa kuma ya ɗauki abin da ke barazana.
Kifi
Kogunan da ke gudana a cikin tundra suna da wadataccen kifi na nau'ikan kifin kifin wanda yake da nau'in farin kifi. Suna da babban matsayi a cikin yanayin halittar tundra, tunda suna daga cikin abincin yawancin masu farautar dabbobi.
Farin kifi
Fiye da nau'in 65 suna cikin wannan nau'in, amma har yanzu ba a tabbatar da adadinsu ba. Duk farin kifin shine kifin kasuwanci mai mahimmanci, sabili da haka adadin su a cikin koguna yana raguwa. Whitefish suna cin abinci a kan matsakaiciyar kifi, plankton da ƙananan ɓawon burodi.
Mafi shahararrun wakilai na wannan nau'in sune kifi, whitefish, muksun, vendace, omul.
Tundra gizo-gizo
Tundra gida ne da gizo-gizo da yawa. Daga cikinsu akwai jinsuna kamar su gizo-gizo, da gizo-gizo, da gizo-gizo.
Wolf gizo-gizo
Suna zaune ko'ina, ban da Antarctica. Gizo-gizo Wolf Suna farauta ko dai ta hanyar zagaye dukiyar su don neman ganima, ko kuma su yi kwanto a cikin rami. A dabi'ance, ba su da tashin hankali ga mutane, amma idan wani ya dame su, za su iya ciji. Dafin da gizo-gizo na kerkeci da ke rayuwa a cikin tundra ba shi da illa ga ɗan adam, amma yana haifar da irin waɗannan abubuwa marasa daɗi kamar su ja, ƙaiƙayi da kuma ɗan gajeren zafi.
Wani gizo-gizo na wannan jinsin, bayan haihuwar 'ya'ya, ya sanya gizo-gizo a cikin cikin ta na sama kuma ya ɗauke ta a kanta har sai sun fara farautar kansu.
Hay gizo-gizo
Waɗannan gizo-gizo an rarrabe su ta jiki mai girma da girman jiki da sirara sosai, dogayen ƙafafu, shi ya sa ma ake kiransu gizo-gizo mai ƙafa. Sau da yawa suna zama a cikin gidajen mutane, inda suke zaɓar wuraren da suka fi so a matsayin mazaunin su.
Wani fasali na wannan nau'in gizo-gizo shine raga-tarkon da suke kamawa: basu da ɗoki sam, amma suna kama da bazuwar zaren zaren, wanda wanda aka yiwa fyaden, yake ƙoƙarin tserewa daga tarkon, sai ya ƙara tsunduma can.
Sakar gizo-gizo
Wadannan gizo-gizo ana samun su ko'ina. A matsayinka na ƙa'ida, suna sakar ƙananan raga waɗanda suke kama kayan abincinsu. Suna farautar galibi ƙananan pan kwaya.
Siffar waje ta waɗannan gizo-gizo babban sifa ce mai siffar sifalothorax, girmanta daidai yake da ciki dan an nuna shi a ƙarshen.
Kwari
Babu nau'in kwari da yawa a cikin tundra. Asali, waɗannan wakilai ne na jinsin Diptera, kamar sauro, ƙari ma, yawancinsu suna cin jinin dabbobi da na mutane.
Gnus
Tarin kwari masu shan jini da ke rayuwa a cikin tundra ana kiran sauro. Wadannan sun hada da sauro, matsakaita, tsinkayyar abinci, dawakai. Akwai nau'o'in sauro goma sha biyu a cikin taiga.
Gnus yana aiki musamman a lokacin rani, lokacin da aka samar da babba na permafrost thaws da marshes. A cikin 'yan makonni kaɗan, kwari masu shan jini sun haihu a adadi masu yawa.
Asali, sauro yana cin jinin dabbobi masu dumi da mutane, amma cinye matsakaitan matsakaita na iya ma cizon dabbobi masu rarrafe, idan babu wani, abincin da yafi dacewa.
Baya ga ciwo daga cizon da ƙwarin ƙwayoyin da suka makale a cikin raunukan suka haifar, sauro kuma mai ɗauke da cututtuka masu yawa. Wannan shine dalilin da yasa wuraren da yake da yawa musamman ana ɗaukar su da wuyar wucewa kuma mutane suna ƙoƙari su nisance su duk lokacin da zai yiwu.
A cikin tundra, inda kowace rana sau da yawa yakan zama gwagwarmayar rayuwa, dabbobi dole su saba da yanayin yanayi mai wahala. Ko dai mafi ƙarfi ya rayu a nan, ko kuma wanda ya fi dacewa da dacewa da yanayin gida. Yawancin dabbobin arewacin da tsuntsaye ana rarrabe su da furci mai kauri ko lami, kuma launinsu shine sake kamanni. Ga waɗansu, irin wannan canza launin yana taimaka wa ɓoye daga masu farauta, yayin da wasu, akasin haka, tarkon wanda aka azabtar ta hanyar kwanton bauna ko ɓoyewa a kanta ba tare da an sani ba. Waɗanda ba za su iya daidaitawa da waɗannan yanayin da za su iya rayuwa a cikin kullun ba, tare da farkon lokacin kaka, dole ne su yi ƙaura zuwa yankuna masu ɗumi ko shiga cikin kwanciyar hankali don su rayu cikin watannin hunturu mafi sanyi na shekara a rayar da aka dakatar.
