Maykong, ko savanna (kaguwa) fox, dabba ce mai lalata wacce ta kasance cikin dangin Canidae. A yau, kaguwa kaguwa shine kawai nau'ikan zamani na jinsi Cerdocyon. Daga yaren Girka, ana amfani da sunan Cerdocyon na asali a matsayin "kare mai wayo", kuma takamaiman ma'anar kalmar tana nufin "jackal", wanda ya faru ne saboda kamannin dabban da dabbobin da suke da su.
Bayanin Maikong
A yau, ƙananan kaguwa biyar (savanna) fox sanannu ne, kuma suna da cikakken nazari. A cewar masana masana na gida da na waje, kasancewar karnukan kaguwa a wannan duniya tamu sun kai kimanin shekaru miliyan 3.1. Duk membobin wannan dangin sune kawai mambobi na Cerdocyon, kuma duk wani dangi mafi kusanci na Maikong a halin yanzu ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin maratacce.
Masana kimiyya sunyi la'akari da Cerdocyon avius a matsayin kawai magabatan kaguwa da kaguwa. Wannan mai farautar ya zauna a duniya kusan shekaru miliyan 4.8-4.9 da suka wuce, ya hadu da farko a Arewacin Amurka, amma da sauri ya koma kudu, inda ya zaɓi yankin Kudancin Amurka don zama.
Babban ragin da ke wanzu a yau sune Cerdocyon thous aquilus, Cerdocyon thous entrerianus, Cerdocyon thous azarae, da Cerdocyon thous germanus.
Bayyanar, girma
Matsakaicin matsakaicin fox yana da furfura mai launin toka mai launin toka tare da alamar tan a ƙafafu, kunnuwa da bakin fuska. Striaramar baƙawa tana gudana tare da tudu na dabba mai shayarwa, wanda wani lokacin zai iya rufe dukkan bayanta. Zane mai launi na makogoro da ciki daga rawaya mai rawaya zuwa launin toka ko fari. Arshen wutsiya da kuma saman kunnuwa baƙi ne masu launi. Gabobin jiki yawanci duhu ne a launi.
Matsakaicin tsayin jikin Maikong baligi yakai 60-71 cm, tare da madaidaitan girman jelar daga 28-30 cm. Matsakaicin tsayin dabba a bushe da wuya ya wuce cm 50, tare da nauyi a kewayon 5-8 kg. Yawan hakora guda 42 ne. Tsawon kwanyar mai farautar ya fara daga 12.0-13.5 cm. A matsayin dabbar da ke da matukar amfani kuma mara kyau, dabbobi Maikong (savannah, ko kaguwa) har yanzu Guarani Indians (Paraguay), da Quechua a Bolivia suna nan.
Salon rayuwa, hali
Maikongs galibi suna da ciyayi da filayen dazuzzuka, kuma a lokacin damina, ana samun irin waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa a yankunan tsaunuka. Irin waɗannan dabbobin sun fi son farauta da daddare, su kaɗai, amma wani lokacin kuma ana samun nau'i-nau'i na dawakan savanna waɗanda suke neman abinci mai dacewa tare.
Haka kuma, irin wadannan dabbobi kusan suna da komai. Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, Maikongs ba dabbobi masu shayarwa ba ne, saboda haka, sau da yawa dawakai sau da yawa sukan taru a yankunan da ke da wadataccen abinci. Irin waɗannan dabbobin daji ba sa tona kabarinsu da kuma mafakarsu da kansu, sun gwammace su mallaki wasu mafaka na wasu mutane waɗanda suka fi dacewa da girma da wurin.
Shafukan yanar gizo, a matsayin mai mulkin, sun bambanta tsakanin kilomita 0.6-0.92, kuma a cikin wuraren zama a cikin Brazil, ma'auratan da manyan zuriya sukan mamaye yanki na kilomita 5-102.
Har yaushe Maikong ke rayuwa
Matsakaicin lokacin da hukuma ta tabbatar da rayuwar mai shayarwa a cikin yanayin yanayi ba zai wuce shekaru biyar zuwa bakwai ba, wanda hakan ya faru ne sakamakon tasirin wasu abubuwa marasa kyau na waje, farautar dabbobi da kuma kasancewar wani adadi mai yawa na makiya na halitta.
Wani muhimmin bangare na dabbobi suna rayuwa a cikin daji fiye da shekaru uku, amma dabbobi masu shayarwa suna iya rayuwa fiye da haka. A yau, lokacin da aka tsare a cikin fursuna, ana san iyakar rayuwar rayuwar Maikong, wanda ya kasance shekaru 11 da watanni 6.
Jima'i dimorphism
Dangane da shaidar kimiyya, babu bambanci tsakanin Maikong mata da maza. A lokaci guda, bisa ga wasu rahotanni, waƙoƙin mata sun fi kaifi da kuma ƙunci, kuma waƙoƙin maza suna da tsabta kuma zagaye suke.
Ikananan kamfanonin Maikong
Peungiyoyin Cerdocyon thous aquilus an halicce su da gajere, mai kauri, rawaya-ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa mai haske mai haske a ƙasa kuma mafi yawan launuka masu launin toka, launin ruwan kasa da baƙi. Akwai baƙar fata mai tsawo a saman ɓangaren jelar. Kokon kai yana da fadi, tare da goshi mai dauke da goshi. Dabbar ta fi karami kwatankwacin kwarkwata.
Gajeriyar launin furcin nau'ikan Cerdocyon thous entrerianus yana da matukar canzawa a cikin daidaikun mutane, amma, a matsayinka na ƙa'ida, ana rarrabe shi da launin toka mai launin toka ko kuma mai ɗanɗano mai launin ruwan kasa, galibi tare da bayyana launuka masu launin rawaya. Peungiyoyin Cerdocyon thous azarae da Cerdocyon thous germanus ba su da wani bambanci na daban a cikin fasalin waje.
Bayanai na muryar Maikong, ko savanna (kaguwa) fox, ba su da mahimman fasali, kuma sautunan da wannan dabban dabba ke yi suna wakiltar haushi da gurnani irin na dawakai.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Maikong na Kudancin Amurka mazaunin mazauna kusan kusan dukkanin gabar yamma ta yankin Kudancin Amurka, daga Arewacin Colombia zuwa Chile. A cewar bayanan da aka yi kwanan nan, irin wannan mai shayarwa, dabba mai farauta, musamman galibi galibi tana rayuwa ne a kan savannahs na Venezuela da Colombia.
Dabbar ba ta da wata matsala a Guyana, haka kuma a kudu da gabashin Brazil, a kudu maso gabashin Bolivia, a Paraguay da Uruguay, da kuma arewacin Argentina. Maikongs galibi suna zama a cikin kabarin wasu mutane kuma suna gudanar da kansu cikin ci gaban gida kawai a cikin al'amuran da suka dace.
Maykongs, ko savanna (kaguwa) karnukan sun fi son bishiyoyi da buɗaɗɗun wurare ko kuma ciyawar ciyawa (savannas), suna zaune a yankuna masu tsaunuka kuma suna jin daɗin zama a cikin ƙasa. Mafi yawan lokuta, irin wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa suna amfani da wuraren da suka fi daukaka a lokacin damina, kuma dabbobi na matsawa zuwa yankuna masu kasa da lebur tare da farkon lokacin bushe.
Maikong na daji yana da sauƙin sarrafawa, saboda haka a zamanin yau, galibi ana samun masu farauta masu yawa a ƙauyukan Indiya masu aiki.
Abincin Maikong
Maikongs masu iya komai ne, kuma abincin su ya kunshi kwari, kananan beraye, 'ya'yan itatuwa, dabbobi masu rarrafe (kadangaru da kwai na kunkuru), tsuntsaye, kwadi da kadoji. A lokaci guda, abincin mai farauta ya canza dangane da samuwar tushen abinci da halaye na lokacin. Lokacin damina a yankuna masu gabar teku yana ba da damar dawowar savanna don cin abinci a kan kadoji da sauran kayan kwalliyar. A lokacin rani, abincin Maikong na manya ya ƙunshi nau'ikan nau'ikan abinci iri-iri.
Kamar yadda bincike ya nuna, abincin kaguwa kaguwa ya hada da kusan 25% na kananan dabbobi, kimanin 24% na dabbobi masu rarrafe, 0.6% na marsupials da adadin zomaye, 35.1% na amphibians da 10.3% na tsuntsaye, da 5,2% na kifi.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Maza suna balaga a cikin watanni tara da haihuwa, kuma matan Maikong suna balaga da kusan shekara. Tada kafa yayin yin fitsari alama ce ta balaga. Ciki mai ciki na Savannah fox yana ɗaukar kimanin kwanaki 52-59, amma a matsakaici ana haihuwar zuriya a cikin kwanaki 56-57. Lokacin kiwo na dabba mai shayarwa daga watan Afrilu zuwa Agusta.
Daga jarirai uku zuwa shida ake haifa a cikin zuriyar dabbobi, suna yin nauyi a cikin kewayon gram 120-160. 'Ya'yan bera mara haushi da aka haifa suna da idanu da kunnuwa. Idanun Maikong kawai suna buɗewa a cikin makonni biyu da haihuwa. Gashi na ppan kwikwiyo ya zama ruwan toka mai duhu, kusan baƙi. A cikin ciki, gashin yana da launin toka, kuma a kan ƙananan ɓangaren akwai alamar launin rawaya-launin ruwan kasa.
A cikin kimanin shekaru ashirin, layin gashi ya zube, kuma a cikin puan kwikwiyya na kwana 35 na savannah fox, rigar tana ɗaukar bayyanar dabba babba. Lokacin shayarwa (ciyarwa tare da madara) yana ɗaukar tsawon watanni uku, amma tuni daga shekara ɗaya zuwa wata, ikan kwikwiyon Maikong, tare da madara, a hankali suna fara cin nau'ikan abinci masu ƙarfi.
Karnukan kaguwa waɗanda aka tsare a cikin fursuna suna da aure sau ɗaya kuma sau biyu a shekara, a tsakanin watanni bakwai ko takwas.
Makiya na halitta
Jawo daga Maikong, ko kuma savanna (kaguwa) fox ba shi da daraja, amma a cikin fari irin waɗannan dabbobi masu farauta ana harbe su a matsayin masu ɗaukar cutar hauka. Dabbobi masu wayo da wayo suna iya satar kaji daga gonar manoma, saboda haka mazauna yankin, manoma da makiyaya sukan lalata su ba tare da jin kai ba. Wasu daga cikin dabbobin mutane suna kama su don ƙarin ci gaba da zama gida. Manyan Maikongs ba sa zama ganima ga manyan dabbobi masu farauta sau da yawa.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Wakilan dangin Canidae, irin na Cerdocyon da na Maikong sun yadu sosai, kuma a wasu yankuna irin wannan mai shayarwar yana da yawan adadi. Misali, a Venezuela, yawan savanna fox kusan mutum 1 ne a kowace hekta 25. A yau Maikong yana cikin Lissafin CITES 2000, amma Hukumar kula da namun daji ta Ajantina ta ayyana kaguwa daga hatsari.
