Wannan ƙaramar garken tarko ya zama garkuwa ga gashinta mai tamani. Korsak abu ne na farautar kasuwanci, ƙarfinsa ya ɗan ɗan rage tun ƙarni na ƙarshe.
Bayanin Korsak
Vulpes corsac, ko corsac, wani nau'in karnukaci ne daga dangin canine.... Ya fi ƙanƙancin layin Arctic, kuma gabaɗaya ya zama kamar ƙaramin kwafin jan foda (gama gari). Korsak tsugune ce kuma tana da jiki mai tsayi, kamarsa, amma bai fi ƙarfin jan fox a girma ba, kazalika da laushi / tsawon wutsiya. An bambanta shi daga dabbar da ake amfani da ita ta ƙarshen ƙarshen wutsiya, da kuma daga fox ta Afghanistan ta hanyar farin ƙugu da ƙananan leɓe, da kuma ba doguwar jera ba musamman.
Bayyanar
Wannan maharbin mai launin fatar da ba zai iya bayyana ba da wuya ya girma fiye da rabin mita tare da nauyin 3-6 kilogiram kuma tsayi a bushewar da ya kai mita 0.3. Mai girma da fadi a gindin kunnuwa, wanda gefensa na baya an zana shi da launin toka-toka ko ja-kasa-kasa, an nuna zuwa saman.
Gashi mai launin rawaya mai launin rawaya yana tsiro a cikin auricles, gefunan kunnuwa suna iyaka a gaban fari. Kusa da idanu, sautin ya fi haske, tsakanin kusurwar gaban idanu da leben sama, ana ganin alwatika mai haske, kuma a kusa da bakin, tare da maƙogwaro da wuya (ƙasan), akwai farin gashi mai ɗan ƙaramin rawaya.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Corsac yana da ƙananan hakora, wanda yayi daidai da tsari da yawa (42) tare da haƙoran sauran kyarkyata, amma canines da haƙoran hakoran corsac har yanzu suna da ƙarfi fiye da na kwarkwata.
Korsak ya zama mafi kyawu a cikin yanayin sanyi, godiya ga hunturu, silky, mai taushi da gashi mai kauri, wanda aka zana a cikin launin toka mai ruwan toka (tare da adon ocher). Launi mai launin ruwan kasa ya bayyana a tsakiyar bayan, wanda aka haɗa shi da "launin toka", wanda aka ƙirƙira shi ta ƙirar azurfa-fari na gashin masu tsaro. Tare da fifikon na karshen, gashin da ke baya ya zama azurfa-launin toka, amma akasin haka ke faruwa lokacin da furcin launin ruwan kasa ya mamaye.
Kafadu suna da launi don dacewa da baya, amma gefuna koyaushe suna da haske. Gabaɗaya, yankin ƙasa na ƙasa (tare da kirji da makwancin gwaiwa) fari ne ko launin rawaya-fari-fari. Gaban gaban corsac rawaya ne mai haske a gaba, amma m-rawaya a gefen, na baya suna masu haske.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Jawo rani na corsak ya bambanta da na hunturu - ba shi da yawa, gajere kuma ba shi da kaifi. Gashi a wutsiya shima yayi rauni. Ba a bayyane da furfura a lokacin bazara, kuma launi ya zama mafi daidaituwa: baya, kamar ɓangarorin, sun sami mara daɗi, mai datti ko launi mai yashi.
Wutsiyar corsac a tsaye, mai kauri da lush, ta taɓa ƙasa kuma daidai take da rabin tsayin jiki ko ma fiye da haka (25-35 cm). Gashi a kan jelar launuka masu launin toka-toka-toƙarai mai duhu ko ocher mai duhu, ƙaramin launin ruwan kasa a tushe. Wutsiyar koyaushe a paler take a ƙasa, amma ƙarshen rawaninta ya kasance da duhu, kusan baƙuwar gashi. Shugaban mai farauta a cikin gashin gashi na lokacin bazara ya zama mafi girman gani, kuma corsac kanta ya zama mai ƙafafu, siriri da siriri.
Salon rayuwa, hali
Korsaks suna rayuwa cikin ƙungiyoyin dangi, suna mamaye filaye (tare da babbar hanyar saduwa da hanyoyi na dindindin) daga 2 zuwa 40 km², wani lokacin har zuwa 110 km² da ƙari. An bayyana wanzuwar burrow ta wani yanayi wanda kwanaki masu zafi a lokacin bazara suna ba da daren dare, kuma a lokacin sanyi iska tana yin sanyi da guguwar dusar ƙanƙara.
A cikin mummunan yanayi da zafi, murfin corsac yana cikin rami, galibi ba ya bayyana a farfajiyar kwana biyu ko uku. Kusan kansa ba ya haƙa ramuka, yana mamaye waɗanda waɗanda marmot suka yi watsi da su, manyan ƙwayoyin cuta da ɓarna, sau da yawa - badgers da foxes. Tsarin cikin gida yana ƙarƙashin sake fasalin, tabbatar da cewa akwai hanyoyi da yawa don ƙaurawar gaggawa.
Burrows, har zuwa zurfin 2.5 m, ƙila akwai da yawa, amma ɗayansu ne kawai ya zama mazauni... Kafin barin ramin, mai farautar ya leka daga ciki sosai, sannan ya zauna kusa da ƙofar, ya bincika abubuwan da ke kewaye da shi sannan kawai ya tafi farauta. A lokacin kaka, a wasu yankuna, Korsaks suna yin ƙaura zuwa kudu, galibi suna maimaita hanyar saigas suna taka ƙanƙarar dusar ƙanƙara, wanda ya sauƙaƙa wa dawakai motsi da kifi.
Mahimmanci! Yawan kaura daga maharan na faruwa ne saboda dalilai daban-daban, gami da wutar gobara ko kuma mutuwar baki daya. Tare da irin waɗannan ƙaura, Korsaks suna ƙetare iyakar iyakokin su kuma wani lokacin suna bayyana a cikin birane.
Don sadarwa tare da masu ba da ma'ana, Korsak yana amfani da sigina, na gani da kamshi (alamun kamshi). Kamar kowane nau'in dawakai suna yin kururuwa, haushi, kuka, ƙara ko haushi: yawanci suna kiwon dabbobi ne ta hanyar haushi, suna gabatar da su cikin tsarin halayya.
Har yaushe Korsak ke rayuwa
A cikin daji, corsacs suna rayuwa daga shekaru 3 zuwa 6, yana ninka rayuwarsu (har zuwa shekaru 12) a cikin bauta. A hanyar, ana iya sauƙaƙe ƙirar ƙira a tsare, a sauƙaƙe yana amfani da mutane. A cewar wasu rahotanni, a cikin ƙarni na 17 an so Korsaks a shayar da su a cikin gidajen Rasha.
Jima'i dimorphism
Akwai kuskuren fahimta cewa mata sun fi maza girma. A hakikanin gaskiya, maza ne suka fi mata girma, amma wannan bambancin bashi da wata ma'ana da masana kimiyyar dabbobi suna magana game da rashin dimphism a cikin girman (duk da haka, kamar yadda yake a launin dabbobi).
Korsak rabe-rabe
Akwai nau'ikan raƙuman talla guda 3, waɗanda suka bambanta da juna a cikin girma, launi da labarin ƙasa:
- vulpes corsac corsac;
- vulpes corsac turkmenika;
- vulpes corsac kalmykorum.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Korsak yana zaune a yawancin Eurasia, tare da kame Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan da Kazakhstan, da kuma yankuna da yawa na Rasha, gami da kudancin Yammacin Siberia. A Turai, zangon ya kara zuwa yankin Samara, Arewacin Caucasus a kudanci da Tatarstan a arewa. Thearamin yanki na kewayon yana kudu Transbaikalia.
A waje da Tarayyar Rasha, zangon Korsak ya haɗa da:
- arewa maso gabas da arewa maso yamma na kasar Sin;
- Mongolia, ban da gandun daji da yankuna masu tsaunuka;
- arewacin Afghanistan;
- arewa maso gabashin Iran;
- Azerbaijan;
- Yukren.
An lura da yaduwar fox mai tsayi tsakanin rafuka kamar Ural da Volga. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, bayan dawo da bobak, an kuma lura da shigar Korsak cikin yankin Voronezh. An yi la'akari da ita nau'in jinsin gama gari ne ga Yammacin Siberia da Transbaikalia. Dabbar taguwar na kaurace wa dazuzzuka, dazuzzuka masu yawa da filayen da aka nome, suna zabar wuraren da ke da tudu tare da ciyayi masu karancin ruwa - busassun steppes da rabin hamada, inda babu dusar kankara kadan... Bugu da kari, mai farautar yana zaune cikin hamada, yana faruwa a kwarin kogi, gadaje masu bushewa da tsayayyun yashi. Wani lokaci korsak yakan shiga cikin tsaunuka ko yankin da ake taka gandun daji.
Abincin Korsak
Dabbar dabbar daji ta farauta ita kaɗai a lokacin magariba, tana nuna ayyukan yau da kullun. Corsac yana da kyakkyawar ƙamshi, hangen nesa da ji, tare da taimakon da yake jin ganima lokacin da yake tafiya / matsorata akan iska.
Mahimmanci! Bayan mummunan hunturu, adadin Korsakov ya ragu sosai. An lura cewa a wasu yankuna yawan ƙurayen stepe suna raguwa cikin bala'i, suna raguwa da 10 ko ma sau 100 a lokacin sanyi.
Bayan ya lura da wata halitta mai rai, sai mai farautar ya boye ta ko kuma ya riske ta, amma, ba kamar jan fox ba, bai san yadda ake yin bera ba. Lokacin da wadatar abinci ta ƙare, ba ta guje wa lalata da ɓarnata, kodayake tana watsi da ciyayi. Zai iya yin ba tare da ruwa na dogon lokaci ba.
Abincin Korsak shine:
- mice, ciki har da voles;
- pampari;
- jerboas da ƙasa squirrels;
- dabbobi masu rarrafe;
- tsuntsaye, kajinsu da kwai;
- hares da bushiya (ba safai ba);
- kwari.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Dawakai masu tsalle-tsalle suna da aure kuma sun kasance bibbiyu har zuwa karshen rayuwarsu. Rut ɗin yana zuwa cikin Janairu - Fabrairu. Yana tare da haushi da dare na ango da faɗa don samari ko mata marasa aure.
Corsacs suna haɗuwa a cikin burodi, kuma an haifi andan kuraye da makafi da makafi a can bayan kwanaki 52-60 (galibi a cikin Maris - Afrilu). Mace tana kawowa daga 3 zuwa 6 ƙwarƙwara masu launin ruwan kasa (ƙasa da sau 11-16), tsayin 13-14 cm kuma nauyinsu yakai 60. Bayan makonni biyu, puan kwikwiyo suna ganin idanunsu, kuma tun suna da wata ɗaya sun riga sun gwada nama.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Saboda mamayar ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ramuka, mahaifiya tana canza maƙoginta yayin haɓakar ɗiyar sau 2-3. Af, iyaye biyu suna kula da 'ya'yan kwikwiyo, kodayake uba yana zama dabam da dangi.
A cikin watanni 4-5, dabbobi ba su da bambanci da tsofaffin dangi. Duk da saurin girma da watsuwa da wuri, brood din yana kusa da uwa har zuwa kaka. Ta hanyar sanyi, ana sake tara matasa zuwa hunturu a cikin kabari ɗaya. Ayyukan haifuwa a cikin corsacs an buɗe tun watannin watanni 9-10.
Makiya na halitta
Babban maƙiyan corsac sune fox da kuma kerkeci... Latterarshen yana farautar fararen ƙwallon ƙafa, wanda, kodayake yana iya haɓaka saurin (40-50 km / h) mai kyau, da sauri yana tashi da sauri. Gaskiya ne, makwabta tare da kerkeci suma suna da nakasu: Corsacs suna cin wasa (gazelles, saigas), da kyarkeci ya lalata su. Jan fox ba maƙiyi ba ne, amma mai fafatawa a fagen cin abinci ne: duka suna farautar ƙananan dabbobi, haɗe da beraye. Har ila yau barazanar ta fito ne daga mutane. Idan corsac ba zai iya tserewa ba, sai ya yi kamar ya mutu, yana tsalle yana gudu a farkon dama.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Littafin IUCN Red Data Book din bai bayyana yawan mutanen duniya na corsac ba, kuma jinsin yana cikin rukunin "karamin damuwa". Dalili na farko da ya sa aka ƙi karnukan da ake kira Stepe ana ɗauka a matsayin cinikin Jawo, inda ake daraja fatar hunturu ta dabbar. A ƙarshen karni kafin ƙarshe, daga 40 zuwa 50 dubu corsac fata ne ake fitarwa daga Rasha kowace shekara. A karnin da ya gabata, lokacin hunturu na Rasha na 1923-24 ya zama musamman "mai ba da 'ya'ya", lokacin da aka girbe fatu dubu 135.7.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Mongolia ba ta kasance a bayan ƙasarmu ba, tana aikawa zuwa Tarayyar Soviet daga 1932 zuwa 1972 har zuwa fatu miliyan 1.1, inda ƙimar fitar da kayayyaki ta kasance a cikin 1947 (kusan dubu 63).
Farauta don corsac yanzu ana tsara ta ta dokokin ƙasa (waɗanda aka karɓa a Mongolia, Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan da Uzbekistan), wanda a cikin sa ana ɗaukar jinsin wani muhimmin abu na fatawar fata. Irin waɗannan hanyoyin hakar an hana su kamar shan sigari daga ramuka, tsagewa ko ambaliyar kogi da ruwa, da kuma yin amfani da gwanayen guba. An ba da izinin farauta da tarko na Korsak a cikin Rasha, Turkmenistan da Kazakhstan kawai daga Nuwamba zuwa Maris.
Sauran barazanar sun hada da wuce gona da iri da gina kayayyakin more rayuwa, gami da gine-gine da hanyoyi, da ci gaban masana'antar hakar ma'adanai. A cikin yankuna da yawa na Siberia, inda aka nome filayen budurwa, an kori corsac daga matsugunan da yake da shi ta hanyar jan fox, wanda ya fi dacewa da makwabta da mutane. Yawan karnukan da ake kira steppe suna ta raguwa biyo bayan bacewar wasu dabbobi, wadanda maharan ke amfani da burbushinsu a matsayin mafaka... Korsak yana fa'ida daga wariyar beraye masu cutarwa, kuma an haɗa shi a cikin Littattafan Red Data na yankin na Tarayyar Rasha, musamman, Buryatia da Bashkiria.
