Shrews (Soricidae) wakilai ne na aji masu shayarwa, umarnin Insectivorous da dangin Shrews. Irin wannan dabbar tana kawo fa'idodi masu yawa ga mutane, yana kashe kwari da yawa na ƙasa, da kuma matakin larva. Kwayoyin gandun daji da aikin gona sun lalace ta hanyar shre duk shekara, har ma a wuraren da gadar tsuntsaye da sauran dabbobin basa iya shiga.
Bayanin shrew
Animalsananan dabbobi a cikin kamanninsu suna kama da ƙananan beraye, amma suna da ƙuƙumi, tsayi a cikin nau'i na proboscis... Shrews sun haɗa da ƙaramin wakilai na ajin dabbobi, waɗanda pygmy shrew (Suncus etruscus) da ƙaramin shrew (Sorex minutissimus) suka wakilta, wanda tsayin jikinsa bai wuce 30-50 mm ba, tare da matsakaicin nauyin jiki a kewayon 3.0-3.3 gr.
Bayyanar
Shugaban shrew din yana da girma babba, tare da yankin fuska mai tsayi da hanci wanda yake tsinkaye zuwa cikin wayoyin hannu da kuma bayyane proboscis. Idon dabba karami ne. Gabobin jikin wata kwari mai gajarta, masu yatsu biyar ne. Jawo mai kauri ne kuma gajere, mai matuƙar kyau. Wutsiyar na iya zama gajere sosai ko kuma mai tsayi sosai, ya wuce tsayin jiki.
Yana da ban sha'awa! 'Yan matan shrews suna da 6-10 teats, kuma gwajin namiji yana cikin jiki, yayin da kwayar halittar babban dabba tana da girma sosai, wanda ya kai kashi 70% na tsawon jiki.
Kokon kai siriri ne dogo, kuma ana nuna shi a yankin hanci. Yankin ƙwaƙwalwa ya faɗaɗa, wanda keɓaɓɓiyar sifa ce tsakanin dabbobi masu shayarwa. Volumewayar kwakwalwa kashi ɗaya ne cikin goma na nauyin jiki, wanda yake a bayyane ya fi bayanan da ke jikin mutane da dabbobin ruwa. Arungiyoyin zygomatic a cikin shrews ba su nan gaba ɗaya, kuma jimlar haƙoran duka guda 26-32 ne.
Abubuwan da ke ciki na gaba, musamman ƙananan, an faɗaɗa su sosai. Sauya haƙoran madara tare da haƙoran dindindin na faruwa a matakin haɓakar amfrayo, sabili da haka, ana haifar shrews ɗin yara tare da cikakken haƙori. Ana buɗe buɗewar dubura da al'aura ta fatar jiki. A gefen jiki da kuma tushen wutsiya, akwai gland na musamman, wanda ke samar da sirri wanda ke da wari mara dadi.
Zuciyar mai hankali tana bugawa yayin hutawa da saurin 680-700, kuma idan aka firgita, bugun zuciya yakan tashi zuwa 1100-1200. Wakilan mambobi masu aji, umarnin Insectivorous da dangin Shrews suna da matukar damuwa. Babu shakka duk wata damuwa mai ƙarfi, gami da sautin tsawa ko tsawa, na iya kashe kwari.
Salon rayuwa, hali
Yawancin jinsuna sun fi son wuraren da ke da ruwa, kuma ana amfani da wasu membobin wannan dangi don jagorancin rayuwar ruwa-ruwa. Shrews suna kiyaye ɗayan ɗaya, zasu iya yin rami da kansu ko kuma su mallaki gidajen wasu dabbobi masu burgewa, gami da ƙuraje da wasu beraye. Wani lokaci shrews na iya zama a cikin kogon ciki a cikin kututture ko bishiyun da suka faɗi, ƙarƙashin bishiyar da ta mutu, har ma a jikin mutum. Gida yana cike da busassun ganyaye da ciyawa. Kowace dabba tana da yankin farautarta, wanda yawanta yakan kai muraba'in mita goma.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Giraren da aka bari ba tare da abinci ba suna mutuwa da sauri. Misali, kananan nau'ikan zasu iya mutuwa cikin kadan kamar awanni 7-9, yayin da karami shrew zai iya mutuwa cikin kimanin awanni biyar.
Duk wani nau'in shrews bai taba shiga cikin barci ba, amma a yanayin rashin abinci, abin da ake kira gajere na ɗan lokaci na iya faruwa, tare da raguwar sanannen zafin jiki. Shan gajeren shrews da ke zaune a Kanada da Amurka da kuma mashahuran mutane, waɗanda ke zaune a gabar ruwan tafkin ƙasa a Rasha, wakilai ne na ƙananan dabbobi masu guba. Dafin har ila yau yana shafar mutane, don haka yankin da ya cije ya kumbura sosai.
Yaya yawan shrews ke rayuwa
Rayuwar shrews takaitacciya ce sosai... Matsakaicin matsakaicin rayuwa na irin waɗannan wakilan Tsarin Insectivorous da dangin Shrew shekara ɗaya da rabi kawai. Mata sun fi maza tsawon watanni.
Jima'i dimorphism
A halin yanzu, ba a yi nazarin shrews sosai ba, wanda hakan ya samo asali ne saboda yanayin rayuwar su ta dare da kuma kasancewarsu a ƙasa sau da yawa. Koyaya, an gano cewa babu alamun alamun bayyanar jima'i a cikin bayyanar wakilan wakilai Insectivorous da dangin Shrews.
Shrew jinsuna
A yau, an san nau'ikan shrews kusan ɗari uku, amma shrew da ƙananan ƙananan, shrew da iri, har da giwa da shrews ɗin ruwa sun fi yawa. Yananan shrew ɗin shine ƙaramin wakilin mambobi, kuma tsayin jikinsa bai wuce 30-50 mm ba. Dabbar ta sami suna ne ga enamel mai ruwan kasa wanda ke saman hakoran kuma yana kare su daga nika da wuri. Gashi na shrew kuma yana da launin ruwan kasa.
Dwarf farin-hakori mai hakora mai haƙori shine mashahurin wakilin kwari kuma an bambanta shi da farin launi na enamel haƙori. Girman jiki bai wuce 70 mm ba. Irin wannan dabbar ba ta da ƙima kuma tana da alamar launin toka-toka. Babban wakilin shrews babban katako ne, wanda ya kai girman jiki na 15 cm tare da jela tsawon 10 cm Launiyar gashin shrew din ya bambanta daga launin toka mai haske zuwa kusan baƙi.
Tsuntsaye masu ruwa ko shrews na yau da kullun sune manyan kwari waɗanda suka fi son zama a gefen gabar ruwa mai ɗabi'a. Wani fasali daban-daban na tsarin wadannan dabbobi masu ruwa suna wakiltar kasancewar gashin kansu masu tauri a kan hannayensu, saboda haka ne ake tabbatar da motsi mai tasiri a cikin ruwa. Bugu da kari, dabba mai shayarwa tana da rigar hana ruwa. A bayyane, dabbar tana kama da bera mai ruwan toka mai ruwan toka tare da inuwa mai haske a cikin ciki.
Abubuwan ɓarnar murfin suna aiki duk lokacin rana da daddare.... Jawo irin waɗannan shrews ɗin silky ne kuma mai laushi ƙwarai, kuma launin gashi ya bambanta daga launin rawaya-launin ruwan kasa da toka zuwa baƙi. Tsawon jiki yana da kusan 60-110 mm, tare da nauyinsa har zuwa 21-23 g. Rean gajeran gajere na Amurka suna cikin rukuni na manyan ƙananan shrews waɗanda ke da ɗan gajeren wutsiya, ƙafafu masu kauri da launi mai duhu mai duhu.
Fararrun haƙoran haƙori ba su da girma, kuma tsayin jikinsu galibi 45-100 mm ne, tare da nauyi a kewayon 3-12 g. Jimillar tsawon jelar ta bambanta sosai. Dabbar tana da dogon gashi mai launin shuɗi mai launin toka a saman jiki da ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan wuta.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Abubuwan da ke jikin mutum mai dauke da hakora masu haske a Uganda sun ba wa irin wannan dabbar damar jurewa da nauyin kaya a jiki, wanda ya wuce nauyinsa sau dubu.
Shugabar sulke ta Uganda ta bambanta da sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa a cikin tsarin kwarangwal na musamman. Wannan jinsin an dauke shi dabi'a ne na dogon lokaci, amma a cikin 2013 an bayyana shhor Thor, wanda yake da fasali iri ɗaya. Tsawon jiki na baligi 12-15 cm, tare da jela tsawon 7-10 cm kuma nauyin jiki a cikin 110 g. Coananan da ulu mai kauri suna da launi launin toka.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Shrews suna kusan ko'ina, tare da banda yankunan polar, Australia, New Guinea, New Zealand da Kudancin Amurka kudu da Ecuador, Venezuela da Colombia. Dabba mai shayarwa tana zaune a wurare daban-daban, ciki har da tundra mai tsafta da tsaunuka, dazuzzuka da yankunan hamada. A cikin tsaunuka, dabbobi na iya hawa zuwa tsayin mita 3500-4000 sama da matakin teku.
Abincin mai suna piebald shrew yana zaune ne a yankin Caspian na ƙasarmu, a cikin Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan da Turkmenistan. Iyakar abin da Kwango ta shgo daga Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya da Kamaru zuwa gabashin Yuganda da Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo. Mazauninsu gandun daji ne na wurare masu zafi wanda yake a tsawan 200-2350 m sama da matakin teku. Ana iya samun shukar mai sulke ta Uganda a cikin dausayi, dazuzzuka na arewacin Kongo, a Rwanda da Uganda.
Yankin rarraba shukokin daji ya faro daga Najeriya zuwa Tanzania da Uganda. Wurin zama na irin waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa galibi gandun daji ne ke wakilta. Yawancin wakilai suna rayuwa galibi a cikin kambin bishiyoyi, amma wasu suna iya zama a ƙasa. Yankin shrews na murine daji ne da dazuzzuka masu danshi, kuma ana samun shrews a yankuna na gandun daji na yankin mai yanayin, a cikin taiga na Turai, Arewacin Amurka da Asiya. Kutors, ko kuma jikin ruwa daga jinsin dabbobi masu shayarwa, suna zaune kusa da gabar ruwan da basu da girma.
A kan yanki guda, mallakin kadada da yawa na ƙasa, ba za a iya samun wasu manya da yawa na irin waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa ba. Shrews ba sa son ƙaura da son rai, don haka, a duk rayuwarsu, waɗannan dabbobin suna ƙoƙari su yi biyayya ga yanki ɗaya. Ban da haka kuma shi ne tilastawa mutane cire dabbobi. Sai bayan an bincika yankin sosai sannan kuma mai hankali ya koma wani shafin da ke makwabtaka da shi, inda yake sa ran sabbin kwari za su bayyana a tsohuwar ƙasar.
Shrew rage cin abinci
Shrews dabbobi ne masu cin komai waɗanda ke iya cin galibi kwari, matakin tsutsa, da ƙwarin duniya. Dabba mai shayarwa yakan kai hari kan ƙananan kashin baya, wanda kwadi, kadangaru, cuban rodan sanduna suka wakilta. Abincin ya hada da kananan nau'in kifi, amphibians da kwari.
Ana neman abinci tare da ma'anar ƙamshi da ƙaran taɓawa. A cewar masana kimiyya, wasu nau'in shrews suna da echolocation. A cikin irin waɗannan wakilai na oda Insectivores da dangin Shrews, metabolism yana da halin babban matakin ƙarfi. An gabatar da mafi kyawun abincin shrews:
- beyar;
- ƙwaro ƙwallaye;
- May beetles;
- slugs;
- kwarkwata itace;
- kwari;
- gizo-gizo;
- tsutsar ciki;
- larvae na kwari kwari.
A rana, karamar dabba tana cin abinci wanda ya wuce nauyinsa da daya da rabi ko sau biyu.
Mahimmanci! Ka tuna cewa a cikin neman isasshen abinci, mai hankali zai iya lalata tushen tsarin kayan lambu da kayan lambu, ya sa su mutu.
A saboda wannan dalili ne shrews ke iya ciyarwa kusan ci gaba, ɗaukar gajeren hutu kawai don bacci. A cikin yunwar hunturu, mutuwa tana faruwa da sauri sosai, don haka, a ƙa'ida, ƙananan shrews ne ke tsira har zuwa farkon bazara.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Shrews suna hayayyafa sau ɗaya ko biyu, da wuya sau uku a shekara. Lokacin haihuwa shine kimanin sati biyu zuwa uku. A kowace irin wannan shara, akwai yara daga ɗari huɗu zuwa goma sha huɗu, waɗanda aka haifa gaba ɗaya makaho da tsirara. Ga ɗan da aka haifa na shrews, kasancewar ci gaban proboscis halayya ce, wanda ke ba da bayyanar hanci mai banƙyama. A lokacin bazara, a cikin yanayi mai kyau, mace sau da yawa takan haihu kimanin sa foura dozin huɗu. A lokaci guda, wasu daga cikinsu sun riga sun sami lokacin ba da zuriya da kansu a ƙarshen wannan bazarar.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Duk iyayen biyu suna da hannu wajen shirya gida don zuriyar da za su haifa nan gaba, amma a halin yanzu babu bayanai kan ko shrewar na auren mata da yawa ne ko kuma masu auren mace ɗaya.
A cikin gida gida an liƙa a hankali tare da kayan bushe kamar ciyawa ko ganye. A cikin irin wannan gida, yaran suna girma cikin sauri, sabili da haka tun suna da makonni huɗu sun zama masu cikakken 'yanci. A cikin shrews, mace da ɗiyanta suna motsawa cikin wani nau'in sarka ko abin da ake kira "vanyari", wanda kowane ɗayan mutane ke riƙe wutsiyoyin juna da haƙoransu.
Matasan wakilai na aji masu shayarwa, umarnin Insectivorous da dangin Shrews suna da halaye na ban mamaki, wanda ake kira "Denel sabon abu". Tare da farkon kaka a cikin irin waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa, ana lura da raguwar girman jiki, haɗe da daidaita kwanyar cranium. A cikin lokaci daga Afrilu zuwa Yuni, akwai bayyananniyar ƙaruwa cikin ƙarar cranium, da kuma cikin ɗimbin yawa da jimlar ƙwalwa.
Makiya na halitta
Abokan gaba na shrews a cikin yanayi sune masu farautar dare da rana, da kuma masu ba da kariya, wasu dabbobi masu shayarwa. Koyaya, dabbobi suna cin wakilai na tsari Insectivores da dangin Shrews ba tare da son ransu ba, wanda hakan yana faruwa ne saboda kasancewar wani ƙamshi mai ɗaci da baƙinciki mai ɓoyi wanda fatar jikin dabbobi ke ɓoyewa.
Hakanan zai zama mai ban sha'awa:
- Armadillos (lat.Cingulata)
- Bandicoots (Latin Bandicota)
- Beavers (lat.Castor)
- Moles (lat.Talpidae)
Mafi yawan lokuta, mutane da dabbobin gida suna lalata shukokin, waɗanda kuliyoyi da karnuka ke wakilta. Mutum yana gwagwarmaya da irin wannan dabba tare da taimakon tarko da guba mai guba, wanda aka bayyana ta hanyar sha'awar kare tushen tsarin 'ya'yan itace da tsire-tsire da tsire-tsire na lambu.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Sakamakon tumbuke dazuzzuka, ana ganin wasu nau'ikan jinsin na shrews na yau suna cikin barazanar ɓacewa gabaɗaya. Saboda lalacewar wani yanki na sararin samaniya, shure-shure mai siffa irin na Eisentraut da kuma shurucin murine na Rampian, wadanda a halin yanzu ke fuskantar barazanar gushewa, suna cikin Kungiyar Lissafin IUCN.
