Spin lobster sanannu ne ga talakawa a matsayin tushen abinci mai daɗi da lafiya. Amma waɗannan membobin gidan crayfish ba su da sauƙi da karatu kamar yadda suke iya gani. Masana ilimin halitta basu gano tsawon lokacin da lobster suka zauna a cikin mazauninsu ba. Bari muga me yasa wadannan kifin kifin yake da ban sha'awa.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Langoust
Langoustes wani irin kifi ne wanda aka decapod wanda ya hada da sama da nau'ikan halittu masu rai guda 140 harma da nau'ikan halittu guda 72. Abinda ke tattare da wadannan cututtukan kansa shine cewa tsarin halittar zuciyar su abun bugawa ne - kwayoyin basu da cibiya kuma babu iyakoki tsakanin su. Saboda wannan tsarin, an kara saurin motsa jiki a jikin lobsters da kuma kifin kifin kifi na gaba daya sau da yawa dangane da crustaceans mai tsarin zuciya daban.
Bidiyo: Langoust
A cikin crustaceans na decapod akwai nasu rabe-raben, wanda ke raba su gwargwadon tsarin gill da gabobin jiki, da kuma yadda tsutsar wadannan kifin kifin yake ci gaba.
Saboda haka, tsarin decapod crayfish ya kasu kashi biyu:
- dendrobranchiata - wannan ya hada da kusan dukkanin jatan lande;
- pleocyemata - duk sauran ɓawon burodi da dangin gaskiya. Yawancin wakilai na wannan yankin ana rarrabe su ta hanyar gazawa ko rashin son yin iyo - suna tafiya tare da ƙasan.
Mafi yawan lokuta, kifin kifin kifin da ake kira decapod crayfish shine abin kamun kifi saboda dandanonsu da darajar abincinsu. Amma waɗannan kifin kifin yana ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin wakilai na dabbobi a doron ƙasa: saboda yawan dacewa da rayuwa ta ɓoye, an kiyaye su kusan babu canji tun zamanin da.
Mafi yawan nau'ikan lobster wadanda suke da mahimmancin kasuwanci sune:
- allurar lobster (Breton jan lobster);
- Pacific lobster.
Za'a iya rarrabe cutar kansa ta Decapod ta yawan gabobin jiki. Gabaɗaya, kamar sauran kifin kifin, suna da murfi mai ƙyama, sassa bakwai a kirji shida a ciki, kuma hanjinsu na ciki ya ƙunshi ganuwar ciki biyu da gajeren hanji. Irin wannan tsarin narkewa mai sauki yana basu damar cin abinci.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Real lobster
Lobsters suna ɗaya daga cikin manyan wakilan dangin su: tsayin jiki na iya kaiwa 60 cm, kuma nauyi - 3-4 kg. Cikakken an lulluɓe shi da harsashi mai ɗanɗano, wanda ya fi na sauran yankakken dangin.
Za'a iya raba jikin kansar a sarari zuwa kai da wutsiya. Akwai nau'i-nau'i na whiskers masu mahimmanci a kan kai. Mafi tsawo daga cikinsu an daidaita su don neman ganima ko gano haɗari. Waswasi na biyu da na uku, waɗanda sun fi gajarta kuma sun fi siririya, suma suna da laushi, amma galibinsu suna yin martani ga farautar da ke labe a karkashin yashi. Whisunƙunansu suna lulluɓe da jijiyoyin jaraba
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Lobster an banbanta shi da lobster ta hanyar cewa lobster ba shi da farata, amma wasu lobster mata suna da ƙanana.
Wutsiyar tana kama da wutsiyar kifin kifin kray: an kasu kashi-kashi da yawa - tare da taimakon wutsiya, lobster na iya hanzarta motsi cikin bakin teku. Isarshen wutsiya yana da kambi tare da tsari mai ƙyalƙyali wanda yake aiki a matsayin ma'auni. Wani lokaci jelar tana juyawa zuwa ciki, kuma cutar sankara kan dogara da ƙananan kafafunta.
Launin lobsters daban ne, ya danganta da abubuwan da ke tafe:
- mazauni;
- abinci;
- wani irin lobster;
- zafin jiki na ruwa;
- shekarun mutum;
- yadda lafiyar mutum take.
Mafi sau da yawa yana da mau kirim, ja ko haske ja chitinous murfi. Wasu lobsters tare da wannan launi suna da ƙananan tabo a ƙafafunsu. Langoustes da ke rayuwa a zurfin suna da koren kore. Langoustes daga ruwa na wurare masu zafi suna da launi mai haske - galibi azure-shuɗi mai launin baƙi ko ja a kan harsashi da ratsi masu ratsawa daga ƙafa zuwa jiki. Kowane launi yana da hujja ta dalilin sake kamanni - wannan hanya ce ta kare kai da farauta a cikin lobster.
Gaskiya mai dadi: Kamar sauran kifin kifin kifin, kifin lobsters yakan zama ja idan ya dahu.
A ina ne spiny lobster yake rayuwa?
Photo: Crawfish cikin ruwa
Wannan nau'in ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a cikin ruwan dumi, amma lokaci-lokaci yakan faru a cikin ruwan sanyi.
Mafi sau da yawa, ana yin kama kifin lobster a wurare masu zuwa:
- gabashin Atlantic;
- kudu maso yamma Norway;
- Maroko;
- Bahar Rum;
- Tekun Azov;
- Tsibirin Canary;
- kusa da Madeira.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Tun da daɗewa akwai ra'ayi cewa ana samun lobster a cikin Tekun Baltic, don haka masu binciken suna neman mutane da yawa a can. A shekara ta 2010, tabbas an tabbatar da cewa lobsters ba ya zama a cikin wannan teku saboda ƙarancin yanayin zafi.
Waɗannan kifin kifin suna da sha'awar ruwa kusa da nahiyoyi ko tsibirai, da murjani da dutsen da yawa inda zaku iya ɓoye da farauta. Sun fi son zama a zurfin aƙalla mita 200.
Tunda suna rayuwa ta kadaici, lobsters yana da wahalar kamawa a sikelin kasuwanci. Suna ɓoyewa, suna yawo a cikin yashi, suna ɓuya a cikin maɓuɓɓugan murjani kuma suna neman matatun da zasu iya dacewa da manyan girmansu. Sabili da haka, kamawar lobsters ana aiwatar da ita da hannu ne: masu yawa suna fitar da su daga mafaka.
Lobsters ba su san yadda za su haƙa rami ko ƙirƙirar mafaka ba, kamar yadda wasu masu ɓawon burodi ke yi, amma cikin dabara suna shiga cikin yashi kuma suna haɗuwa da shi ta amfani da launi mai launi ko taguwar. Aukar yashi da yatsunsu, suna yayyafa kansu a saman, sun zama marasa ganuwa ga masu farauta da ganima.
Menene lobster spiny yake ci?
Hotuna: Langoust
Lobsters suna da saurin magana, kodayake saboda rashin farcen, ba za su iya farauta yadda ya kamata ba kamar danginsu a cikin dangi. Saboda haka, suna cin duk abin da ya ci karo a ƙasan.
Mafi sau da yawa, abincin lobster ya haɗa da:
- mayuka, kawa;
- karamin kifi;
- kananan invertebrates, gami da kananan dorinar ruwa, kifin kifi;
- tsutsotsi
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Lobsters ba sa kyamar gawa kuma suna ci da yardar rai abin da ya rage ga manyan masu farauta.
An ɓoye a cikin ɓangaren murjani na murjani, duwatsu ko binne a cikin yashi, lobster yana jiran abin farautarsa. Ciwon daji yana motsawa sannu a hankali, saboda haka baya iya bin kifin da yake da ƙarfi kuma gabaɗaya ya dogara ne da saurin dauki da sake kamanni.
Yana lura da ganima ta hanyar amfani da dogayen eriya masu ƙarfi, kuma mafi kusancinsa yana zuwa, ƙarancin guntun gashin bakinsa yake ƙara kaifi - tare da taimakonsu ƙwarrar lobtar ta fahimta lokacin da ya yi dash. Idan kifi ko malma tayi kusa da lobster, tana saurin gudu kuma tana kama ganima da bakin dake bakin ta. Lobster ba shi da guba ko hakora masu kaifi, saboda haka, idan abin farauta bai mutu lokacin kamawa ba, ya ci shi da rai.
Bayan an kamo ganima an ci, lobster bai daina farauta ba. Ya sake ɓuya a cikin maboyarsa kuma yana jiran sabon wanda aka azabtar. Idan babu wanda zai iya saduwa da shi na dogon lokaci, sai ya yi gajeren gajeren gudu zuwa sabon wuri kuma ya jira a can. A cikin irin waɗannan zub da jini, galibi yakan haɗu da masu farauta ko masanan ruwa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Ana ajiye lobsters a cikin akwatin kifaye na gidajen abinci, suna haɓaka da ɗanɗano. Anan ake ciyar dasu da daidaitaccen abinci na musamman, wanda kifayen kifin suke girma da sauri kuma suna daɗa toshewa.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Real lobster
Lifestyleasan rayuwar da sirrin basa barin lobsters su zauna cikin fakiti ko rukuni, saboda haka waɗannan kifin kifin kifi ne. Gabaɗaya an yarda cewa ba su da dare, amma wannan ba gaskiya ba ne gaba ɗaya: ciwon daji koyaushe yana cikin hutu da farauta; koda rabin bacci, yana iya hango motsi a kusa kuma ya kama ganima. A dare, yana yin gajeren abu kaɗan zuwa sabon wuri mafi daɗi don ganima. Ko kuma yana tsallaka kowane lokaci na rana idan yana jin ƙanshin gawa a kusa.
Cutar sankara ba ta da rikici ko kaɗan kuma ba ta da hanyoyin kariya. Kullun yana rufe da ƙananan ci gaba, wanda ba koyaushe yake kare shi daga masu lalata da sauran haɗari ba. Rashin farce ya sa ya zama ba shi da kariya fiye da sauran kifin kifin. Kodayake mata waɗanda suka yi sa'a suna da ƙananan ƙafa kuma ba sa amfani da su.
Lobsters halittun yanki ne, amma ba su taɓa yin yaƙi don yanki ba. Idan lokacin kiwo bai iso ba, suna jin juna tare da taimakon gashin baki kuma suna kaucewa sadarwa. Kodayake a cikin gidajen ruwa na gidajen abinci, lobsters yana cikin nutsuwa a cikin ƙananan ƙungiyoyi - babu rikice-rikice da rikice-rikicen ƙasa tsakanin su.
Wasu lokuta lobsters suna iya yin lamuran kansu idan sun gamu da kifi ko wata rayuwar ruwa wacce ke lalata kwanciyar hankali na kifin kifin. A wannan yanayin, lobster spiny yana ɗaukar matsayi na kariya, yaɗa ƙafafunsa, yaɗa gashinsa a wurare daban-daban kuma ya jefa jelarsa. Idan abokan gaba ba su ja da baya ba, ganin girman kwayar cutar kansa, to yana da kasadar fadawa cikin karfin kugiyar lobster.
A lokacin hunturu, lobsters sun fi son zuwa cikin zurfin, inda hanyar rayuwarsu ta kasance wani sirri ga masu ilimin halitta. Suna yin wannan ta wata hanya ta musamman: a haɗe a cikin ƙaramin rukuni, lobsters suna manne da juna tare da dogon gashin baki kuma suna tafiya a bayan ciwon daji a gaba. Don haka, suna tafiya cikin sarkar, suna gangarowa daga maɓuɓɓugan murjani.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: Lobster a cikin teku
Lobsters suna hayayyafa ta hanyar jima'i. Ana ɗaukan mutum da girma har sai ya kai shekara biyar, sannan ya kai ga balaga. Lokacin kiwo yakan fara ne kusan Oktoba ko Disamba, kodayake yana iya farawa a baya idan zafin ruwan ya isa sosai.
Mace takan sanya ƙananan ƙwai a cikin jakar nono na musamman, sannan ta fita neman namiji, ɗauke da ƙwai mara ƙwai tare da ita. Ba shi da wuya a same shi - maza, a matsayinka na ƙa'ida, ba su da ƙarfi kamar na mata, don haka sai ta kama shi da gashin-baki mai saukin kai kuma tana tafiya zuwa hanya ɗaya. Idan ta same shi, sai namijin ya hadu da kwan.
Qwai suna cikin aljihun uwar tsawon watanni kuma maza da yawa za su iya hayayyafa - nawa za ta iya saduwa a wannan lokacin. Sabili da haka, ƙwai daban-daban na iya haɗuwa da lobsters daban-daban. Bayan 'yan watanni, larvae sun fito daga kwai, wanda yayi kama da farin gizo-gizo mai haske tare da kananan jeloli - ma'ana, ta wacce alama za'a iya fahimtar cewa wadannan' ya'yan lobster ne.
Qwai suna yawo a kan kansu a cikin teku, suna cin abinci a kan ƙananan zooplankton. Outananan ƙananan abubuwa a jiki, waɗanda a nan gaba zasu zama ƙafafu, suna ba su damar saita vector na motsi. Suna da matukar rauni a wannan lokacin na rayuwa, kuma daga cikin dubban kwai da aka kyankyashe, kasa da rabin mutanen sun rayu.
Tsuntsaye suna girma cikin sauri, suna wucewa daga mataki zuwa mataki tare da taimakon narkar da narkewar nama. Tare da kowane zoben, murfin katako na lobster ya zama mai yawa, kuma ana ƙara nauyin jiki. Sai kawai bayan shekara guda na narkewa, murfin chitinous daga ƙarshe ya zama mai yawa zuwa cikakken yanayin, ci gaban keratinized ya bayyana akan sa.
Abokan gaba na ɓoye lobster
Hotuna: Langoust
Duk wanda ya iya cizon lobsters yana iya cinye shi ta cikin daddawan babban mutum, ko kuma waɗancan halittu waɗanda za su iya haɗiye kansar baki ɗaya.
Masu farautar da ke yin barazana ga lobster sun haɗa da:
- kifayen kifayen teku;
- sharmerhead sharks;
- dorinar ruwa Abokan gaba ne na ɓawon burodi, don haka suna da alaƙa da hanya mai ban sha'awa don kama lobster. Idan spiny lobster yayi rarrafe a cikin kowane mafaka wanda yake da wahalar samu daga gare shi, sai a nuna masa dorinar ruwa, kuma kashin bayan lobster yana haifar da wata dabarar kiyaye kai da aka kirkira sama da Millennium. Nan da nan spiny lobster ya fita daga ɓoye kuma ya yi ƙoƙari ya iyo daga dorinar ruwa, inda mutane suka kama shi;
- kwasfa Waɗannan kifayen sukan fi kai hari ga lobsters, tunda yana da wahala a gare su su lura da lobsters, amma asalin kifin ba ya rarrabewa tsakanin waɗannan nau’ikan jinsin.
Tsutsar tsutsar lobster kai tsaye bayan sun fito daga ƙwai sun haɗu da plankton, waɗanda suke ciyar da su a duk lokacin da suke girma. Can za a iya cin su ta wurin kifin whale da ke cin plankton da ƙananan kifi.
Gaskiya mai Nishaɗi: Kifin Crawf yana da sauƙin kamawa da sabo. Don kama shi, ana sanya ƙananan keɓaɓɓu wanda a ciki ake sanya ƙaramin nama, inda ƙwarjin ƙwarya ke rarrafe don neman abinci.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Lobster na ruwa
Lobsters ba su taɓa gab da halaka ba saboda gaskiyar cewa yana da wahala a tsara manyan kamun kifi a kansu - zai yiwu kawai a kama ɗaiɗaikun mutane. Ana yin su sosai a cikin ɗakunan ruwa na gidan cin abinci azaman kayan marmari.
Naman lobster yana da taushi kuma yana da kyawawan abubuwa masu amfani. Saboda wahalar kama shi, yana da tsada sosai, amma yawancin lobsters galibi suna da girma saboda girman kifin kifin da kansu. Don kamawa, an saukar da kejin da nama zuwa mazaunin lobsters, wanda akan sa lobsters ke gudu. Yayin da kifin kifin ke cin nama, kejin ya rufe, kuma lobsters ba za su iya fita daga wurin da kansu ba.
Wasu nau'in lobster sun dan rage yawan mutane, kamar su Panulirus polyphagus daga yankin Indo-Pacific. Unionungiyar forungiyar Consasashen Duniya don Kula da Natabi'a (IUCN) ta ba ta lambar kariya mafi ƙarancin damuwa.
Spin lobster na dogon lokaci sun dauki mahimmin matsayi a rayuwar dan adam: da zaran mutane sun koyi yadda ake farauta da girkin kayan kwalliya, sun fahimci cewa lobster ba zai iya zama mai daɗi ba kawai, amma kuma yana da amfani. Amma wadannan dabbobin ban mamaki har yanzu basu isa suyi karatun su ba a mazaunin su, don haka a nan gaba dole ne mu san wadannan rayuwar halittun ruwa har ma a kusa.
Ranar bugawa: 07/10/2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 09/24/2019 da karfe 21:18
