Akwai wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan hatimin giwaye waɗanda aka ambaci sunayensu gwargwadon ɓangaren hemasashen duniya. Waɗannan dabbobi ne masu ban mamaki na gaske, jima'i na ɗiyan da aka haifa wanda ƙaddararsu ta ruwa da kuma yanayin yanayi ke yankewa.
Bayanin hatimin giwa
Abubuwan da aka samo na farko na burbushin hatimin giwa sun faro ne shekaru ɗari da suka gabata... Dabbobin sun sami suna ne saboda wani ɗan ƙaramin tsari da aka yi a yankin masaka, wanda ya yi kama da ɗin giwa. Kodayake irin wannan sifar ta musamman maza kawai ke "sawa". Hannun mata santsi ne tare da hanci na yau da kullun. A kan hancin wadancan da wasu akwai vibrissae - eriya mai saurin motsa jiki.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Kowace shekara, giwayen giwaye suna yin rabin lokacin hunturu suna nishi. A wannan lokacin, suna rarrafe zuwa gabar tekun, fatar jikinsu ta kumbura tare da kumfa da yawa kuma a zahiri suna zuwa cikin yadudduka. Ba shi da daɗi, kuma abubuwan jin daɗi ba farin ciki.
Tsarin yana da zafi, yana haifar da rashin jin daɗi ga dabba. Kafin komai ya ƙare kuma jikinsa ya lulluɓe da sabon Jawo, lokaci mai yawa zai wuce, dabbar za ta rasa nauyi, ta ɗauki ƙyalli da taƙama. Bayan ƙarshen narkakkiyar, giwayen giwayen sun dawo cikin ruwa don ɗebo kitse da sake cika makamashinsu don saduwa mai zuwa da jinsi.
Bayyanar
Waɗannan sune manyan wakilai na dangin hatimi. Sun banbanta da yanayin kasa zuwa nau'i biyu - kudu da arewa. Mazaunan yankunan kudu sun fi mazaunan arewacin girma a ɗan girma. Jima'i a cikin waɗannan dabbobin ana bayyana su sosai. Maza (duka kudu da arewa) sun fi mata yawa. Matsakaicin namiji balagagge yana da nauyin kilogram 3000-6000 kuma ya kai tsawon mita biyar. Da wuya mace ta kai kilo 900 kuma ta kai kimanin mita 3. Babu ƙasa da nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i, kuma hatta giwayen sune mafi girma duka.
Launin rigar dabba ya dogara da abubuwa daban-daban, gami da jinsin dabbar, nau'ikanta, shekarunsu da lokacinsu. Dogaro da su, suturar na iya zama ja, haske ko duhu launin ruwan kasa ko launin toka. Ainihin, mata sun fi maza duhu kaɗan, gashinsu yana kusa da launi na ƙasa. Maza galibi suna sa gashin gashi mai launin linzami Tun daga nesa, garken giwayen da suka yiwowa raye-raye zuwa rana sun yi kama da ƙattai.
Hatimin giwar yana da babbar jiki wanda yake kama da sifa mai tsayi. An maye gurbin ƙafafun dabba da ƙura, waɗanda suke dacewa da saurin motsi cikin ruwa. A ƙarshen ƙusoshin gaban yatsun hannu suna da yatsu masu kaifi, a wasu yanayi suna kai tsawon santimita biyar. Legsafafun hatimin giwaye sun yi gajarta don kada su yi sauri a kan ƙasa. Tsayin dabo na balagaggen dabba mai nauyin ton 22imimita 30-35 ne kawai, saboda an maye gurbin ƙashin ƙashin baya da wutsiyar da aka ƙera. Kan hatimin giwa karami ne, dangane da girman jiki, yana gudana a hankali cikin sa. Idanun duhu ne, siffar miƙaƙƙiyar oval.
Salon rayuwa, hali
A kan ƙasa, wannan babbar dabba mai shayarwa tana da wuyar sha'ani. Koyaya, da zaran tambarin giwa ya taba ruwa, sai ya zama kyakkyawar mai nitsar da ninkaya, yana saurin tafiya har zuwa kilomita 10-15 a awa daya. Waɗannan dabbobi ne masu yawa, suna jagorancin rayuwa mafi rinjaye a cikin ruwa. Sau ɗaya kawai a shekara suke tara cikin yankuna don haifuwa da narkar da su.
Har yaushe rawan giwa yake rayuwa
Alamun giwaye suna rayuwa ne daga shekara 20 zuwa 22, yayin da tsawon ran giwayen arewa yawanci shekaru 9 ne kawai.... Bugu da ƙari, mata suna rayuwa cikin tsari na girma fiye da na maza. Laifin duka ne na raunin da ya samu ta hanyar saduwa da namiji a cikin faɗa don gasar.
Jima'i dimorphism
Bambance-bambancen jinsi da ake furtawa ɗayan ɗayan fasali ne na hatta giwayen arewa. Maza ba kawai sun fi mata girma da nauyi ba, amma kuma suna da babban giwa, giwa, wajibi ne a gare su don yin yaƙi da nuna fifikonsu ga abokan gaba. Hakanan, wani abin da aka samu da hannu na hatimin giwar namiji shi ne tabon da ke wuyansa, kirji da kafadu, waɗanda aka samu yayin yaƙe-yaƙe marasa iyaka don shugabanci a lokacin kiwo.
Babban namiji ne kawai yake da babban akwati wanda yayi kama da giwar giwa. Hakanan ya dace don fitar da rurin al'adar gargajiya. Fadada irin wannan proboscis yana ba wa hatimin giwa damar kara sautin karawa, gurnani, da amon kararrawa mai karfi da ake iya ji daga nisan mil. Hakanan yana aiki azaman matattara mai ɗaukar danshi. A lokacin daddawa, hatunan giwaye ba sa barin yankin ƙasar, saboda haka aikin kiyaye ruwa yana da amfani ƙwarai.
Mata tsari ne na girma fiye da na maza. Suna da yawa sau da yawa launin launi tare da karin haske a wuya. Irin waɗannan aibobi suna kasancewa daga cizon maza marasa iyaka yayin aiwatarwar saduwa. Girman namiji ya fito ne daga mita 4-5, mata mita 2-3. Nauyin namiji ya fara daga tan 2 zuwa 3, mata da kyar suka kai tan, nauyinsu ya kai kilo 600-900.
Nau'in giwayen giwaye
Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan hatimin giwaye guda biyu - arewa da kudu. Hannun giwayen kudu suna da girma. Ba kamar sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa na teku ba (kamar su whales da dugongs), waɗannan dabbobin ba su cikin ruwa gabaɗaya. Suna kashe kusan kashi 20% na rayukansu a cikin ƙasa, kuma 80% a cikin teku. Sau ɗaya kawai a shekara suke rarrafe zuwa bankunan don narkewa da aiwatar da aikin haifuwa.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Ana samun tambarin giwayen Arewa a cikin ruwan Kanada da Mexico, yayin da hatimin giwayen kudanci ake samunsu a gaɓar tekun New Zealand, Afirka ta Kudu da Argentina. Lonungiyoyin waɗannan dabbobin cikin gizagizai duk suna hawa zuwa bakin rairayin bakin teku don yin soki ko faɗa don ma'aurata. Wannan na iya faruwa, misali, a kowane rairayin bakin teku daga Alaska zuwa Mexico.
Abincin Abincin Giwa
Alamar giwa dabba ce mai farauta... Kayan abincin ta yafi hada mazaunan babban teku. Waɗannan su ne squids, octopuses, eels, rays, skates skates, crustaceans. Hakanan wasu nau'ikan kifi, krill, wani lokacin ma harda penguins.
Maza suna farauta a ƙasan, yayin da mata ke zuwa buɗe teku don neman abinci. Don tantance wuri da girman abincin mai yiwuwa, giwayen giwaye suna amfani da vibrissae, suna ƙayyade abincinsu ta fluan canjin hawa ruwa.
Hannun giwaye suna nitsewa zuwa zurfin zurfin ruwa. Babban hatimin giwar zai iya yin awanni biyu a karkashin ruwa, yana nitsewa zuwa zurfin kilomita biyu... Menene ainihin abin da giwayen giwaye ke yi a kan waɗannan almara, amsar ita ce mai sauƙi - ciyarwa. Yayin da ake rarrabe cikin buhunan giwayen da aka kama, an sami kifin da yawa. Kadan da yawa, menu ya haɗa da kifi ko wasu nau'ikan ɓawon burodi.
Bayan yin kiwo, yawancin giwayen arewacin suna tafiya arewa zuwa Alaska don sake cika yawan kitsensu yayin da suke kan ƙasa. Abincin waɗannan dabbobi yana buƙatar ƙwarewar zurfin nutsuwa. Zasu iya nutsewa zuwa zurfin sama da mita 1500, suna zaune a ƙarƙashin ruwa har zuwa hawan ban mamaki na kimanin minti 120. Yawancinsu suna nitsewa a zurfin zurfin zurfin, kodayake, suna wuce minti 20 ne kawai. Fiye da kashi 80% na lokacin shekara ana ciyarwa a cikin teku don samar da makamashi don lokacin kiwo da daddawa, inda ba a hango wuraren da za a ciyar da su ba.
Babban kantin mai ba shine kawai tsarin karba karba wanda yake baiwa dabba damar jin mai girma a irin wannan zurfin ba. Hannun giwaye suna da sinus na musamman waɗanda ke cikin ramin ciki inda za su iya adana ƙarin adadin iskar oxygen. Wannan yana baka damar nutsarwa da riƙe iska na kimanin awanni biyu. Hakanan zasu iya adana oxygen a cikin tsokoki tare da myoglobin.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Alamun giwaye dabbobi ne da ke kadaici. Suna haɗuwa kawai don lokacin narkewa da haifuwa, a ƙasa. Kowane hunturu suna komawa zuwa yankunansu na asali. Hannun giwayen mata yana kai wa ga balagar jima’i tana da shekaru 3 zuwa 6, maza kuma daga shekara 5 zuwa 6. Koyaya, wannan baya nufin cewa namiji da ya kai wannan shekarun zai shiga cikin haihuwa. Don wannan, har yanzu ba a ɗauke shi da ƙarfi ba, saboda zai yi yaƙi domin mace. Sai kawai ya kai shekaru 9-12 zai sami isasshen ƙarfi da ƙarfi don ya zama mai gasa. Kawai a wannan shekarun ne namiji zai iya samun matsayin Alfa, wanda ke ba shi ikon "mallakar harem".
Yana da ban sha'awa!Maza suna fada da juna ta amfani da nauyin jiki da hakora. Duk da yake mace-macen fada ba su da yawa, kyaututtukan kyaututtuka na yau da kullun sananne ne. Haramtacciyar ɗa namiji ɗaya daga mata 30 zuwa 100.
Sauran maza ana tura su zuwa gefen mulkin mallaka, wani lokacin suna saduwa da mata masu ƙanƙantar "ƙima" kafin maƙiyar ta Alpha ta kore su. Maza, duk da rarraba "mata" da aka riga aka yi, suna ci gaba da kasancewa a kan ƙasa na tsawon lokacin, suna kare yankunan da aka mamaye a cikin gwagwarmayar. Abin takaici, yayin irin wannan fadace-fadace, mata sukan jikkata kuma sabbin sa bornan haihuwa suna mutuwa. Tabbas, yayin aiwatar da yakin, wata babbar dabba mai nauyin tan shida ta tashi zuwa tsayin ta kuma ta fada kan abokan gaba da karfi mai ban mamaki, suna lalata duk abinda ke cikin hanyar sa.
Tsarin kiwo na shekara-shekara na hatimin giwar arewa yana farawa ne a watan Disamba. A wannan lokacin, manya-manyan maza suna rarrafe zuwa rairayin bakin rairayin bakin teku. Yawancin mata masu juna biyu ba da daɗewa ba za su bi maza don kafa manyan ƙungiyoyi kamar kurege. Kowane rukuni na mata yana da nasa namiji mai rinjaye. Gasar neman mamaya tana da matukar ƙarfi. Maza suna kafa mamaya ta hanyar kallo, motsin rai, kowane irin sanƙo da gurnani, ƙara ƙarfinsu da akwatin kansu. Yaƙe-yaƙe masu ban mamaki sun ƙare tare da yankewa da yawa da raunin da hakoran abokin hamayya suka bari.
Bayan kwanaki 2-5 bayan da mace ta tsaya a kan tudu, sai ta haifi ɗa. Bayan haihuwar jaririn giwar bebe, uwar tana shayar da shi madara na ɗan lokaci. Irin wannan abincin da jikin mace ya bugu, kusan kitse ya kai 12%. Bayan makonni biyu, wannan lambar ta ƙaru zuwa fiye da 50%, samun daidaiton ruwa mai kama da jelly. Don kwatantawa, madarar shanu ta ƙunshi mai da kashi 3.5% kawai. Mace tana ciyar da ɗanta ta wannan hanyar tsawon kwanaki 27. A lokaci guda, ba ta cin komai, amma ta dogara ne kawai da ajiyar mai. Ba da daɗewa ba kafin a yaye yaran daga mahaifiyarsu kuma su fara balaguron nasu, mace kuma ta sake yin aure tare da babban namiji ta koma cikin teku.
Na tsawon makonni hudu zuwa shida, jarirai sun himmatu wajen yin iyo da ruwa kafin su bar bakin ruwan da aka haife su don su shafe watanni shida masu zuwa a cikin teku. Duk da kitsen mai, wanda ya basu damar zama na tsawon lokaci ba tare da abinci ba, mutuwar jarirai a wannan lokacin yayi yawa matuka. Kimanin kimanin wata shida, zasuyi tafiya akan layi mai kyau, tunda a wannan lokacin ne kusan 30% daga cikinsu zasu mutu.
Lightananan fiye da rabin mata masu saduwa ba sa haihuwar jariri. Ciki mace na ɗaukar kimanin watanni 11, bayan haka ana haifar da ɗiya mai ɗayan ɗa. Sabili da haka, mata sun isa wurin kiwo tuni "a kan gantali", bayan ma'auratan shekarar da ta gabata. Sannan suna haihuwa kuma sun sake komawa kasuwanci. Iyaye mata basa cin abinci tsawon wata guda don ciyar da jaririnsu.
Makiya na halitta
Hannun giwayen bebi suna da matukar rauni. A sakamakon haka, sau da yawa wasu mafarauta suna cin su kamar kifin whale ko shark. Hakanan, babban rabo na yara na iya mutuwa sakamakon yaƙe-yaƙe da yawa na maza don jagoranci.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Wadannan dabbobin ana yawan farautar su da naman su, ulu da kitse.... Dukkanin 'yan arewa da na kudanci an turasu zuwa ga halaka. A lokacin 1892, an ɗauke su gaba ɗaya. Abin farin, a cikin 1910, an gano wani yanki a kusa da tsibirin Guadalupe, kusa da ƙananan California. Kusa da zamaninmu, an kirkiro sabbin dokokin kiyaye ruwa da yawa don kiyaye su kuma wannan ya haifar da sakamako.
Hakanan zai zama mai ban sha'awa:
- Manatees (Latin Trichechus)
- Dugong (lat Dugong dugon)
A yau, sa'a, yanzu ba su cikin haɗari, kodayake galibi suna samun rauni da kashewa ta hanyar lamuran kifi, tarkace da haɗuwa da kwale-kwale. A lokaci guda, kungiyar IUCN ta ba da matsayin kiyayewa na "Mafi karancin Damuwa na Kashewa" ga hatimin giwaye.
