Halibuts, ko halibuts, wanda aka fi sani da "Sole" suna ne wanda ya haɗa nau'ikan nau'ikan halittu guda biyar, waɗanda aka haɗa cikin jinsi guda uku, waɗanda suke cikin dangin Flounder da kuma tsarin Flounder. Membobin gidan mazaunan arewacin tekun ne waɗanda ke kewaye da yankunan gabas da arewacin Rasha.
Bayanin halibut
Babban bambanci tsakanin halibuts da sauran nau'ikan nau'ikan kifin na dangin Flounder shine mafi tsawan jiki... Har ila yau ana riƙe da wasu daidaito na kwanyar, wanda ba shi da ma'ana sosai fiye da masu yawo. Halayen bayyanar halibuts na waje kai tsaye sun dogara da halayen jinsin na irin waɗannan wakilai na dangin Flounders da kuma tsarin Flounders.
Bayyanar
Halibut na Atlantika (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) Shin kifi ne, mai tsayin jiki a cikin zangon 450-470 cm, tare da matsakaicin nauyi har zuwa 300-320 kg. Halibuttukan Atlantika suna da madaidaiciya, mai siffar lu'u-lu'u da mai tsayi. Idanun suna gefen dama. An rufe jikin da sikeli masu zagaye, kuma duk manyan sikeli an kewaye su da zobe, waɗanda ƙananan sikeli ke wakilta. Arshen fincin fage a gefen ido ya fi fin ɗin gefen makafi girma. Babban bakin yana da kaifi da manyan hakora da aka ja da baya. Finafinan caudal yana da ƙarami. Launin gefen ido har duhu ne mai duhu ko baƙi ba tare da alamar ba. Yaran yara suna da alamomi marasa haske a jikinsu. Makafin gefen kifin fari ne.
Pacific farin halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) Yana daya daga cikin mafi girman yan uwa. Tsawon jiki ya kai 460-470 cm, tare da matsakaicin nauyin jiki har zuwa kilogiram 360-363. Jiki ya fi ƙarfin tsayi idan aka kwatanta shi da sauran masu yawo. Akwai layuka biyu na haƙori a saman muƙamuƙin, kuma jere guda a kan ƙananan muƙamuƙin. Launin gefen ido yana da duhu mai duhu ko launin toka mai launin kore wanda ba a faɗi inuwa ba sosai. A matsayinka na mai mulki, akwai alamun duhu da haske a jiki. Makaho gefe fari ne. An rufe fatar da ƙananan ma'aunin cycloidal. Layin layi na kifin yana da alamar lanƙwasa a kan yankin ƙarewar pectoral.
Tounƙun hancin asiya (Atherani evermanni) - karamin kifi mai tsawon jiki wanda bai fi 45-70 cm ba kuma taro a kewayon kilogiram 1.5-3.0. Matsakaicin iyakar baligi bai wuce mita ba tare da nauyin kilogram 8.5. Jikin elongated an rufe shi da ma'aunin ctenoid, waɗanda suke gefen gefen ido. Makafin sashin jiki yana rufe da ma'aunin sikila. Layin gefe na jiki tsayayye ne, kusan a tsaye, an rufe shi da sikeli 75-109. Muƙamuƙin suna da jere guda biyu na hakora masu kama da kibiya. Kowane bangare na jiki yana da hancin hanci biyu. Ana wakiltar siffofi na musamman ta wurin wurin ido na sama, wanda baya wucewa zuwa ɓangaren sama na kai, kazalika da hancin hancin baya tare da dogon bawul akan gefen makafi. Gefen ido launin ruwan kasa ne mai launin toka, kuma gefen makafi yana da launi mai sauƙi kaɗan.
Arrowasar baka ta Amurka (Cutar da stomias) - kifi mai tsayin jiki a cikin zangon 40-65 cm tare da nauyin jiki a kewayon kilogiram 1.5-3.0. Jikin elongated an rufe shi da ma'aunin ctenoid a gefen ido. A gefen makafi, akwai sikelin cycloidal. Layin gefe a garesu yana da ƙarfi, kusan ya miƙe gaba ɗaya. A kan muƙamuƙin akwai layuka biyu na hakora masu kamannin kibiya.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Soyayyen Halibut yana da sifa iri daya kuma ya sha bamban da kowane irin kifi, amma bayan wani lokaci sai daya daga cikin bangarorin ya fara girma da sauri, saboda haka ne jikin yake yin laushi, kuma baki da idanu suke juyawa zuwa bangaren dama.
Akwai hanci biyu a kowane gefen jiki. Wani fasali mai ban mamaki na kibiya na baka na Amurka shine hancin hancin baya tare da gajeren bawul akan gefen makafi. Hannun ido na jiki yana da alamar launi mai launin ruwan kasa mai haske, kuma gefen makafi haske ne mai launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi.
Salon rayuwa, hali
Wakilan dangin Flounder da kuma Tsarin shimfidar wuri sune kifaye masu farauta wadanda ke rayuwa a zurfin da yawa. A lokacin rani, irin waɗannan kifin suna rayuwa a cikin tsakiyar ruwa. Manya na halibut na Pacific galibi suna tsayawa akan gangaren nahiyoyin a yanayin zafin ruwa kusa da ƙasan cikin kewayon 1.5-4.5 ° C. A lokacin rani, irin waɗannan kifaye sukan yi ƙaura zuwa wuraren ciyarwa wanda ruwa mara zurfi ya wakilta. Arrowungiyar baka ta Amurka ita ce kifin ruwa mai ruwa wanda ke rayuwa cikin zurfin da ya fara daga mita 40 zuwa 1150.
Halibuts na Kibiyoyin Asiya suna koyar da ƙasan kifin da ke zaune sama da ƙasa mai duwatsu, da laka da yashi. Wakilan wannan nau'in ba sa yin ƙaura da yawa. An halicce su da ƙauraran tsaye tsaye. Tare da farkon lokacin dumi, halibuts na baka na Asiya yana motsawa zuwa zurfin zurfin ƙasa. A lokacin hunturu, kifayen suna motsawa zuwa wurare masu zurfi. Ga yara da samari da ba su balaga ba, mazauni a zurfin zur ruwa halaye ne.
Har yaushe halibut yake rayuwa
Matsakaicin, wanda aka tabbatar a hukumance har zuwa yau, tsawon rai na wakilai na dangin Flounder da ƙungiyar Flounder sun ɗan wuce shekaru talatin. Matsakaicin tsawon rayuwar jinsin Arrowtooth Halibut na Amurka bai wuce shekaru ashirin ba. Halibut na Atlantic, a ƙarƙashin kyakkyawan yanayi, yana da ikon rayuwa daga shekaru talatin zuwa hamsin.
Halibut nau'in
Halibut a halin yanzu ya hada da jinsi uku da nau'ikan manyan nau'ikan kifaye guda biyar, gami da:
- Halibut na Atlantika (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) da kuma Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis);
- Asibitin kibiya na Asiya (Atheresthes evermanni) da kuma American arrowtooth halibut (Atheresthes stomias);
- bakin fata mai launin shuɗi ko shuɗi (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides).
Yana da ban sha'awa! Abun ban sha'awa na dukkan halibut shine ikon naman su don shiga cikin lalata jiki, wanda ya kasance saboda kasancewar isasshen adadin selenium, wanda ke kula da ƙwayoyin hanta a cikin lafiya.
Baya ga nau'ikan halittu guda biyar da aka lissafa a sama, akwai masu yawa da yawa kuma.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Halibut na Atlantika yana zaune a Arewacin Atlantic da wasu sassan da ke kusa da Tekun Arewacin... A yankin gabashin gabashin Tekun Atlantika, wakilan jinsin sun yadu sosai daga Tsibirin Kolguev da Novaya Zemlya zuwa Bay na Biscay. Hakanan, tsibirin Atlantika ana samunsa a gabar Iceland, kusa da gabashin gabar ruwan Greenland, kusa da tsibirin Birtaniyya da na Faroe. A cikin ruwan Rasha, wakilan jinsin suna zaune a kudu maso yammacin Tekun Barents.
Farin halibuts na fari sun yadu a cikin Tekun Arewacin Pacific. Wakilan jinsunan suna zaune a cikin ruwan tekun Bering da Okhotsk, kusa da gabar tekun Arewacin Amurka, daga Alaska zuwa California. A cikin ruwan Tekun Japan, an lura da keɓaɓɓun mutane. Ana samun farin farin Pacific a zurfin zuwa mita 1200.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Halibut na Kibiya na Asiya ya bazu a cikin Tekun Arewacin Pacific. Ana samun yawan mutanen daga yankin gabashin gabar tsibirin Hokkaido da Honshu, a cikin ruwan Tekun Japan da Okhotsk, tare da gabar gabas da yamma ta Kamchatka, ta gabas a cikin ruwan Tekun Bering, zuwa Tekun Alaska da Tsibirin Aleut.
Arrowwayar baka ta Amurka sanannen nau'in ne wanda ya yadu a cikin Tekun Arewacin Pacific. Ana samun wakilan jinsin daga kudancin yankin Kuril da Aleutian Islands har zuwa Tekun Alaska. Suna zaune a cikin tekun Chukchi da Okhotsk, suna zaune tare da yankunan gabashin gabashin tekun Kamchatka da kuma gabashin Tekun Bering.
Abincin Halibut
Halibuts na Atlantika sune masu cin abincin ruwa, waɗanda suka fi yawa kan kifi, gami da kodin, haddock, capelin, herring da gobies, da cephalopods da wasu dabbobin da suke hawa. Theananan yara masu wannan nau'in yawanci suna cin abinci akan manyan ɓawon burodi, suna fifita kagu da jatan lande. Yawancin lokaci halibut yayin aikin iyo suna sanya jikinsu a kwance, amma lokacin da suke bin farauta, irin waɗannan kifaye suna iya ficewa daga ƙasan kuma suyi motsi a tsaye kusa da yanayin ruwa.
Farin Halibuts na fari na Pacific sune kifaye masu cin nama da ke cin nau'ikan kifaye iri daban daban, da kuma kayan kwalliya da yawa kamar kaguwa mai kankara, da jatan lande da kuma kaguwa. Hakanan ana amfani da squids da dorinar ruwa a matsayin abinci ga irin wannan ciyawar. Compositionunƙanin abincin ƙasa na halibut na Pacific yana fuskantar mahimman yanayi, shekaru da canje-canje na yanki.
Yaran da ke wannan nau'in suna amfani da kayan shrimp da dusar ƙanƙara. Don neman abin farautarta, irin wannan kifin yana da ikon ficewa daga saman ƙasa.
Babban abincin da ake yi na dutsen kibiya na Asiya shine mafi yawanci, amma irin wannan babban mai cin ruwa yana iya ciyar da wasu nau'ikan kifaye, jatan lande, dorinar ruwa, squid da euphausids. Yaran yara da waɗanda ba su balaga ba suna cinye cod na Pacific, pollock, pollock, da wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan kayan yawo. Halibut na baka na Amurka yana ciyarwa akan pollock, cod, hake, grouper, liqueur, crustaceans, da cephalopods.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Tekun Atlantika da sauran halibutututtuka sune kifaye masu farauta waɗanda ke hayayyafa ta hanyar haihuwa... Maza na wannan jinsin sun kai cikakkiyar balaga a shekaru bakwai zuwa takwas, kuma mata na yin balaga a kusan shekara goma. Halibut na Atlantic ya bazu a zurfin mita 300-700 tare da matsakaita zafin jiki na 5-7 ° C. Lokacin haɓakawa yana faruwa a cikin Disamba-Mayu. Ana aiwatar da ra'ayoyi a cikin ramuka masu zurfin bakin teku, ko kuma a cikin abin da ake kira fjords.
Ana ajiye ƙwai na halibut na Atlantika a cikin ruwan teku har sai tsutsa ta fito, kuma mace ɗaya ta haihu daga ƙwai miliyan 1.3 zuwa 3.5, matsakaiciyar faɗinta ita ce 3.5-4.3 mm. Larwarorin suna ƙyanƙyashewa daga ƙwai bayan makonni biyu ko uku, amma da farko suna ƙoƙari su kasance a cikin rukunin ruwa. Bayan sun kai tsawon 40 mm, tsutsayen halibut na Atlantic sun sauka zuwa kasa.
A cikin mata na Asibitin kiban kibiya, balagar jima’i tana faruwa ne a shekaru 7-10, kuma maza na wannan jinsin sun balaga a cikin shekaru 7-9. Manya sun tsiro a cikin ruwan Tekun Bering daga Nuwamba zuwa Fabrairu. A cikin ruwan Tekun Okhotsk, ana aiwatar da haɓaka daga watan Agusta zuwa Disamba. Caviar na nau'in pelagic, wanda aka haifar dashi a zurfin mita 120-1200. Matsakaicin yawan haihuwa na ƙwai ne ƙwai dubu 220-1385. Larwarorin suna da girma, sirara kuma dogaye, tare da spines a cikin yankin sama da idanu da kuma saman operculum.
Makiya na halitta
Hatunan ruwa da zakunan teku sune masu cin ganyayyaki na kibiya ta Asiya. Halibuts ba su da makiya ƙalilan na halitta, don haka irin waɗannan kifaye na iya girma zuwa girman manya.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Kifin mai kima mai daraja ga masunta da yawa a cikin ƙasarmu da ƙasashen ƙetare abin so ne mai kyau, saboda haka kamun kifi yana ba da gudummawa ga rage adadin halibut.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Tsarin tafiyar hawainiya da jinkirin ƙarshen lokacin girki na sanya ƙirar Tekun Atlantika ta zama wani nau'in mai saurin haɗuwa da kamun kifi. Fishing irin wannan kifin a halin yanzu an kayyade shi sosai, kuma ban da taƙaita girman, kowace shekara daga shekaru goma na uku na Disamba zuwa ƙarshen Maris, an gabatar da dakatarwa game da kamawar halibut tare da raga, da kuma trawls da duk wani tsayayyen kayan aiki.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A kan yankin Scotland da Norway, jinsin halittar Halitta na Atlantika ya girma ne ta hanyar kere-kere, kuma Internationalungiyar forasa ta forasa ta hasabi'a ta ba shi matsayin kiyayewa "Mai Haɗari".
Adadin yawan jama'a na jinsin White-bore Pacific halibuts a cikin ruwan Kamchatka yana da karko sosai a yau.
Darajar kasuwanci
A cikin Rasha a halin yanzu babu wani kamun kifi da aka sa gaba ga wakilan jinsunan White-bore Pacific halibut. Ana iya kama wannan nau'in kifin a matsayin abin da ake kira-kama-kama a cikin raga-raga, layin dogon ƙasa, snurrevods da trawls yayin aiwatar da kamun kifi don bakin teku ko ƙirar ƙira mai tamani.
Hakanan zai zama mai ban sha'awa:
- Sterlet kifi
- Kifin Pollock
- Pike kifi
- Kifin Pollock
Koyaya, wannan nau'in a halin yanzu shine abin kamun kifin teku. Yanzu ana aiwatar da keɓewar halibut na kasuwanci galibi a cikin Norway daga Yuni zuwa Oktoba.
