"Stinky" ko "Smelly Jim" - waɗannan sunayen marasa kyau suna cikin ɗayan ƙaramin kunkuru ne da ke zaune a yankin Arewacin Amurka. A cikin haɗari, kunkuru mai miski ya harba ɓoyayyen ɓoye da ƙamshi mai daɗi.
Bayanin kwandon miski
Dabbar dabbar tana daga jinsin Musk (Sternotherus / Kinosternon) kuma tana wakiltar dangin Silt kunkuru (Kinosternidae)... Na biyun, tare da nau'ikan ilimin halittar jiki, suna da fasali ɗaya na yau da kullun - babban kai mai ƙarfi tare da muƙamuƙin '' ƙarfe '', a sauƙaƙe murƙushin baƙon ƙananan zubi.
Mahimmanci! Musky daga sauran dunkulen kunkuru ana rarrabe shi da fasali na waje - sarƙoƙin ci gaban fata (tare da maƙogwaro da wuya), kama da papillomas. Sauran nau'ikan warts ba su nan.
Kari akan haka, dabbobi masu rarrafe memba ne na ofan kunkuru masu ɓoye, wanda aka bayar da sunansa ta hanyar yadda aka ja kan cikin karafase: kunkuru misk ya lanƙwasa wuyansa a cikin siffar harafin Latin "S".
Bayyanar
Dogon dogon wuya wani nuance ne wanda yake sanya kunkuru baya ga wasu. Godiya ga wuya, dabbobi masu rarrafe suna fitar da ƙafafun bayanta ba tare da wata wahala ba kuma babu wata illa ga jiki. Waɗannan ƙananan kunkuru ne masu girman tafin hannu, da ƙyar suke girma har zuwa cm 16. Manya (ya danganta da nau'ikan) sun kai tsayin 10-14 cm. Genwayar halittar kunkuru ta musk ta kasu kashi 4 (wasu masanan suna magana akan ukun), kowannensu ya yi daidai da girman kansa:
- Kunkuruwar miski gama gari - 7.5-12.5 cm;
- Kunkuruwar misk - 7.5-15 cm;
- karamin kunkuru na miski - 7.5-12.5 cm;
- Sterotherus depressus - 7.5-11 cm.
Babban tushe na oval karapace ruwan kasa ne mai duhu, wanda aka gauraye da aiyukan zaitun. A cikin tafki na halitta, carapace ya cika da algae kuma yayi duhu sosai. Sautin garkuwar ciki ya fi sauƙi - m ko zaitun mai haske. A cikin ƙuruciya matasa, harsashi na sama yana sanye da tudu uku waɗanda suka ɓace yayin da suke girma. Raƙuman raƙuman launi suna shimfiɗa tare da kai / wuya na manyan dabbobi masu rarrafe.
Harshen kunkuru mai miski (ta ɗabi'a ƙarami da rauni) yana da tsari na asali - kusan ba ya haɗuwa da haɗiyewa, amma yana cikin aikin numfashi. Godiya ga tarin fuka da ke kan harshe, dabbobi masu rarrafe suna ɗaukar iskar oxygen kai tsaye daga ruwa, wanda ke ba su damar zama a cikin kandami ba tare da barin wurin ba. A cikin kunkuru na samari, an daidaita yanayin jima'i, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa maza da mata kusan ba za a iya rarrabewa ba. Kuma kawai tare da farkon haihuwa a cikin namiji wutsiya tana fara buɗewa sosai, kuma sikeli masu juyawa suna fitowa a saman ciki na ƙafafun baya.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Wadannan sikeli wadanda ke inganta mannewa ga abokin zama yayin saduwa ana kiransu "gabobin chirping." Sunan ya fito ne daga sautukan chiri (wanda aka samu daga gogayya), kwatankwacin waƙar wasan kurket ko tsuntsaye.
Gabobin musk kunkuru, kodayake suna da tsayi, sirara ne: suna ƙare da ƙafafun farace da membranan masu faɗi.
Salon rayuwa
A cikin kunkurulen miski, ana danganta shi da sinadarin ruwa - dabbobi masu rarrafe da ke rarrafe zuwa bakin tekun don yin ƙwai ko a lokacin ruwan sama mai tsawo... Turtuna masu iya iyo ne, amma mafi yawansu suna son yawo a ƙasa don neman ingantaccen abinci. Suna nuna ƙaruwa a cikin duhu, magariba da dare. Maza suna rarrabewa ta hanyar rikici, wanda ke bayyana kansa dangane da dangin su (saboda wannan dalilin ne suke zaune a cikin akwatinan ruwa daban-daban).
Bugu da kari, a cikin fursuna, da sauri suna firgita, musamman da farko, har sai sun saba da sabon muhalli da mutane. A dai-dai wannan lokacin, kunkururan miski sunfi amfani da makaminsu na yau da kullun - asirin rawaya mai wari wanda aka samar dashi ta hanyar nau'i-nau'i 2 na musk gland da aka ɓoye a ƙarƙashin kwasfa.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A karkashin yanayin yanayi, dabbobi masu rarrafe suna son bayyanar da bangarorinsu ga rana, wanda ba wai kawai su fita zuwa doron kasa ba, har ma suna hawa bishiyoyi, suna amfani da rassan da suka lankwasa a saman ruwa.
A cikin yankuna masu dumi tare da jikin ruwa mara sanyi, dabbobi suna aiki duk shekara, in ba haka ba suna zuwa hunturu. Kurtun muscovy suna tsira daga sanyin hunturu a cikin mafaka kamar:
- rami;
- sarari a ƙarƙashin duwatsu;
- tushen bishiyoyi masu jujjuyawa;
- bushewar itace;
- laka ƙasa.
Dabbobi masu rarrafe sun san yadda ake haƙa ramuka kuma suna yin hakan lokacin da zafin ruwan ya sauka zuwa 10 ° C. Idan kandami ta daskarewa, dabbobi masu rarrafe sukan shiga cikin dusar ƙanƙara. Sau da yawa suna yin hirar ƙungiya-ƙungiya.
Tsawon rayuwa
Ba a san tsawon lokacin da kunkuru misk ke rayuwa a cikin daji tabbatacce ba, amma tsawon rayuwar wannan jinsin a cikin fursuna ya kusan zuwa shekaru 20-25.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Kunkuruwar miski na asali ne daga gabas da kudu maso gabashin Amurka, kudu maso gabashin Kanada, har ma da Chihuahua Desert (Mexico). A nahiyar Arewacin Amurka, dabbobi masu rarrafe sun zama ruwan dare daga New England da kudancin Ontario zuwa kudancin Florida. A cikin wata hanyar yamma, zangon ya fadada zuwa Central / West Texas da Kansas.
Wuraren da aka fi so sune tsayayyu kuma sannu a hankali suna gudana cikin ruwan ruwa (tare da zurfin zurfin ƙasa da silted a ƙasa). A cikin yankunan kudu na kewayon, kunkuru suna aiki duk tsawon shekara, a arewacin suna hirar su.
Abincin miski kunkuru
Kunkuruwan miski suna da komai kuma suna share kusan duk abin da ke ƙasa, waɗanda suke bincika dare da rana... Tsarin dabbobi masu rarrafe, a matsayin doka, suna cin tsire-tsire na ruwa da kwari, kuma a cikin mawuyacin yanayi, 'yan uwansu.
Abincin abincin dabbobi na manya ya kunshi abubuwa kamar su:
- molluscs, musamman katantanwa;
- ciyayi;
- kifi;
- masu kafaɗɗu;
- tsutsotsi na cikin ruwa;
- gawa.
Saboda gaskiyar cewa dabbobi masu rarrafe ba sa kyamar lada, ana kiransu da oda na wuraren ajiyar ruwa.
Mahimmanci! Lokacin adana kunkuru mai miski a cikin akwatin kifaye na gida, dole ne ya saba da daidaito da kuma takamaiman abinci. Don kada abincin ya kwanta a ƙasa, an dakatar da shi a kan allurai na musamman kuma a wannan hanyar an ba da kunkuru.
A cikin fursuna, menu na kunkuru mai miski yana ɗan canzawa kuma yawanci ana haɗa shi da samfura masu zuwa:
- kayan kwalliya;
- kifin kifi;
- dafaffen kaza;
- tsire-tsire - duckweed, letas, clover, dandelions;
- alli da bitamin kari.
Ba za a sanya kunkuru na miski a cikin akwatin kifaye tare da kifi na ado ba, in ba haka ba zai ci su.
Makiya na halitta
Duk kunkuru suna da makamai masu ƙarfi, amma, ba daidai ba, baya basu tabbacin cikakken tsaro - barazanar ta fito ne daga adadi da yawa na abokan gaba da ke rayuwa cikin ruwa da ƙasa. Babban laifin kisan dabbobi masu rarrafe ya ta'allaka ne akan mutane, farautar kunkuru don kwan su, nama, bawo mai kyau, wani lokacin kuma saboda rashin gajiya.
Dabbobin ganima
Manyan kuliyoyi da dawakai sun sami rabewar rarraba karafsai masu ƙarfi, jifar kunkuru daga tsayi akan dutse... Jaguar, alal misali, a hankali (bisa ga shaidun gani da ido) yana fitar da wani abu mai rarrafe daga cikin harsashinsa, kamar dai ba shi yake aiki da fika ba, amma yana da takobi mai kaifi. A lokaci guda, da wuya mai farautar ya wadatu da kunkuru guda, amma nan take ya juya da yawa a bayansa, yana zabar yanki (ba tare da ciyayi ba). A irin wannan katako, dabbobi masu rarrafe ba za su iya kama wani abu ba, su tashi tsaye su na rarrafe.
Masu farauta masu fuka-fukai
Manyan tsuntsaye na daga kunkuru zuwa miski zuwa sama kuma daga can su jefa su kan duwatsu don tsamo abubuwan da ke ciki daga fashewar harsashin. Ko da hankaka ma suna farautar kananan dabbobi masu rarrafe, wanda yakamata a kula dasu yayin ajiye kunkuru a bude. Zai fi kyau a rufe aviary da raga ko kallon dabbar gidan lokacin da take rarrafe don dumama.
Kukuru
Dabbobi masu rarrafe suna da saurin cin nama kuma galibi suna kai hari ga masu rauni, ƙarami ko dangi masu rashin lafiya. Ba abin mamaki bane cewa kunkurulen musk (tare da rashin abinci ko wuce gona da iri) sun afkawa theiran uwansu, suna barin na biyun ba tare da wutsiya, ƙafafu da ... ba tare da kai ba.
Kifi mai lalata
Waɗannan ƙa'idodin marasa lafiya na halitta suna barazanar ƙaramar kunkuru da zarar an haife su.
Mahimmanci! Idan kun ajiye kunkurulen miski a gida, yi kokarin nisantar da shi daga sauran dabbobin gida masu kafa hudu, musamman beraye da karnuka. Latterarshen na iya cizon ta cikin kwasfa, yayin da na farkon ke cizon ƙafafun kunkuru da jelarsa.
Kwari da ƙwayoyin cuta
Kunkuruwar miski mai rauni da mara lafiya ya zama cikin sauƙin ganima ga ƙananan ƙwaro da tururuwa, waɗanda ke lalluɓe a kan sassan sassan jikin kunkuru cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. Bugu da kari, wasu annoba, gami da kwayoyin cuta, fungi, helminth da ƙwayoyin cuta, dabbobi masu rarrafe na annoba.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Tsawon carapace (daban-daban ga kowane jinsi) zai gaya muku cewa kunkurulen miski a shirye yake don hayayyafa irin nasu. Lokaci na soyayya yana farawa da dumi kuma yana ɗaukar watanni da yawa, yawanci daga Afrilu zuwa Yuni.... Dabbobi masu rarrafe suna yin kamawa 2-4 a kowane yanayi, wanda ke nuna kyakkyawan yanayin haihuwa. Maza suna da ƙauna sosai kuma ba sa jin daɗi. Zai fi kyau idan akwai abokai da yawa: harem na iya gamsar da sha'awar jima'i ta maza ba tare da cutar da lafiyar mata ba.
Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa a cikin akwatin kifaye akwai yawanci amare 3-4 kowane ango. Namiji baya damuwa da doguwar zawarci da kulawa ta farko - da ya ga (kuma ya ji ƙamshi) mace mai kyakkyawar mace, sai ya miƙa mata hannu kuma zuciyarsa ta ci mutuncin ta ta mallake ta.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Musan kunkuru maza, yin biyayya ga abubuwan da ba su dace ba na jima'i, wani lokacin suna saduwa da matan da suke cikin wasu nau'in kunkuru (da ba su da alaƙa).
Ma'amala yana faruwa a cikin layin ruwa kuma galibi ana jinkirta shi ba ma na awowi ba, amma na rana. Bayan saduwa mai 'ya'ya, mace tana rarrafe zuwa teku don fara kwan ƙwai. Wurin kwanciya na iya zama:
- rami da aka haƙa na musamman;
- gidan wani;
- zurfafawa a cikin yashi;
- sarari a ƙarƙashin ruɓaɓɓen kututture;
- gidaje na muskrat
A mafi yawan lokuta, uwa mai rikon sakainar kashi ta bar zuri'arta na gaba (a cikin nau'in ƙwai 2-7) kawai a saman. Qwai (masu wahala, amma masu saurin lalacewa) suna da kyau kuma ana zana su a cikin launi mai launin ruwan hoda, a hankali ya zama fari. Yawan zafin jiki na daukar ciki, wanda yake daukar kwanaki 60 zuwa 107, ya fara ne daga + 25 zuwa + 29 ° С. An tabbatar da cewa yayin da suke cikin ƙwai, kunkuru suna iya samar da ɓoyayyun ɓoye.
Idan kunkurukin musk na cikin gida ya sanya ƙwai kai tsaye a cikin ruwa, dole ne a kamasu don hana mutuwar kunkuru. Yaran da aka kyankyashe suna girma ta hanyar tsalle-tsalle, cikin sauri samun 'yanci kuma basa bukatar kulawar uwa.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Karkarar Alabama Musaramar Musk Turkiya tana kiyaye shi da dokar tarayya... Tare da wannan, dabbar tana cikin jerin nau'ikan nau'ikan da ke fuskantar hadari a Amurka. Bugu da kari, Sternotherus qananan depressus, ko kuma a ce, xaya daga cikin ire-irensa, ya shiga shafukan Lissafin IUCN (Internationalungiyar forasashen Duniya don Kula da Yanayi da Albarkatun )asa). Sauran kunkuruwan miski a halin yanzu basa cikin haɗari.
