Owls (Strix) - tsuntsaye na dangin yawa na Owls, tsarin Owls da jinsi Owls. A cewar masana kimiyya, kalmar mujiya tana da mahimmancin fassarar zahiri - "ba abinci ba."
Bayanin mujiya
Matsakaicin tsawon jikin mujiya na manya zai iya bambanta tsakanin 30-70 cm... A lokaci guda, tsuntsu kwata-kwata bashi da "kunnuwa" na gashin tsuntsu. Mujiya na tawny yana da yanayin tsabtace fuska, manya da buɗe kunnen asymmetrical, kusan an rufe shi da ninkewar fata. Bakin tsuntsun yana da tsayi, tare da matse kai tsaye. Seunƙarar da ke kwance mara nauyi yawanci yana da launin toka-toka ko ja tare da kasancewar launuka masu launin ruwan kasa. Iris na tsuntsaye yana da launi irin na launin ruwan kasa.
Bayyanar
Mujiya ta kowa tana da girma a zangon 36-38 cm mai nauyin 400-640 g Tsuntsayen suna da idanu masu duhu, kai mai zagaye, fukafukai masu faɗi da zagaye da kuma toka mai toka tare da rashin rarar kunnen. Ga mujiya na kodadde, girman jikin yana a cikin kewayon 30-33 cm, fatar launin fuka-fukan fuka-fuka da launin ido na rawaya. Mujiya Guatemalan ta fi girma ga wani nau'in mujiya mai tsawon jiki 40.5-45.0 cm Tsuntsayen wannan jinsin yana da kodadden fuskar fuska rawaya mai duhu a kusa da idanuwa da kuma kunkuntar, baki mai duhu. Bakin bakin rawaya ne kuma idanuwa launin ruwan kasa ne masu duhu. Mujiya 'yar kasar Brazil matsakaiciyar mujiya ce, wacce nauyin ta ya kai gram 285-340, wanda ke dauke da launuka masu launin ja-ja-ja da idanun duhu.
Sashin sama na jikin Malay Owl yana da alaƙa da duhun launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, yayin da ƙananan ɓangaren launin rawaya mai launin rawaya ne tare da fitattun launin ruwan kasa. Duk membobin wannan nau'in suna da fuskar fuska ja mai fararen fata tare da fararen kan iyaka da idanun launin ruwan kasa masu duhu. Babban Guraren Babban Gurasa mai girman fuka-fukai mai rabin fika-fikai, wanda ya bambanta da launin hayaƙi mai launin toka ba tare da launuka masu launin ja ba, haka kuma idanun rawaya masu duhu kewaye da duwatsu. A karkashin bakin irin wannan tsuntsu akwai tabo mai kama da gemu, kuma a gaban wuya akwai farin "abin wuya".
Babban Mujiya yana da launi mai launin toka-launin toka mai launin toka, ana bambanta shi ta fuskar fuska mai duhu da bakin rawaya. Matsakaicin matsakaicin Mango Owl shine mamallakin launuka masu kamanni iri iri masu launin baki, ruwan kasa, fari da ja-jaja-ja. Mai farauta mai gashin tsuntsu yana da fararen fata, idanu masu duhu masu duhu, da kuma gashin ido na lemu mai haske. Red-Legged Owl yana da alaƙa da dusar kanwa mai ruwan lemo mai launuka da yawa na launin duhu ko launin ruwan kasa. Faifan fuska a cikin tsuntsayen wannan nau'in launin ja ne, tare da idanu masu duhu. Tsuntsayen sun sami suna na ban mamaki don launin rawaya-launin ruwan kasa ko kalar lemu mai kafafu.
Dangi babba ne ga wakilan jinsin, Pagoda Owl yana da launin cakulan-launin ruwan kasa mai fari-dige a baya, kirji mai launin rawaya mai haske tare da ratsi mai duhu da kuma fuskar diski mai launin ruwan kasa-ja. Doguwar-wutsi, ko Ural owl, a yau ɗayan manyan wakilai ne na jinsi. Launin yankin dorsal mai farin-ocher ne tare da tsarin ruwan kasa mai tsawo da kuma alamun raunin gicciye wanda yake a kan manyan gashinsa. Jirgin saman da gashin jelarsa suna da launi mai launuka masu launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. Cikin tsuntsun yana da farin-goro ko kuma fari fari, tare da keɓaɓɓun launin ruwan kasa masu tsayi.
Barred Owl yana da tsayin jiki na 35 cm tare da fuka-fuki na 85 cm... Wannan jinsin ya banbanta da idanun baƙi, babban, shahararren jabot a kirji da ratsi mai ruwan kasa akan ciki. Afirka Cyckaba bashi da kunnuwa masu gashin tsuntsu kuma ana alakanta shi da ruwan goro mai ruwan toka a jikin babba. Tsuntsu mai matsakaiciyar fuska yana da gashin gira mai fari, iris mai duhu mai ruwan kasa, da yatsun rawaya rawaya wadanda ba a so su
Zebra tsikkaba ɗan ƙaramin fata ne mai launin toka tare da ratsi mai baƙar fata, kuma ƙananan jikin baƙar fata da fari tsikkaba yana da ƙananan ƙananan haske tare da ratsi mai duhu.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Ciccaba mai jan launi mai tsaka-tsaka, mai tsawon jiki daga 30-35 cm. Wakilan jinsuna da ƙananan mutane sun fi son zama da farauta a yankuna masu tsaunuka da yankunan daji na wurare masu zafi, saboda abin da ya rage, gabaɗaya, mai ƙarancin karatu wanda ba shi da kyau.
Adadin Holotype na Desert Owl bai wuce 32 cm ba tare da tsawon jela tsakanin 14 cm da fikafikan 25 cm. Jiki na sama galibi launin ruwan kasa ne mai launin toka, kuma wuya da kai suna da yashi, ocher ko launuka masu launi, masu launin ruwan kasa masu duhu kuma streaked. Faya-fayan fuska suna da fari-fari ko launin toka mai-rairayi, tare da iyaka mai ruwan kasa-kasa kewaye da idanu.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Owls na iya zama tsuntsaye masu farauta da na dare. Misali, Afirka Cyckaba wani yanki ne na yanki wanda yake aiki ne kawai da magariba da daddare, kuma da rana irin wannan tsuntsu yana zaune shi kadai ko kuma yana haduwa biyu-biyu.
Mujiya nawa ke rayuwa
Tsawon rayuwar kowane mujiya kai tsaye ya dogara da girman sa. Birdsananan tsuntsayen ganima suna da gajeren rayuwa saboda yanayin saurin saurin kuzarinsu. A matsakaici, mujiya na rayuwa na kimanin shekaru biyar, amma, tabbas, daga cikin wakilan jinsunan akwai waɗanda ake kira zakarun da za su daɗe.
Jima'i dimorphism
Sau da yawa babu bambanci a cikin bayyanar tsakanin mata manya da maza. Wasu nau'ikan ana halayyar da ɗan bambanci kaɗan cikin launi mai launi, da kuma girman da nauyin jiki. Misali, mata masu tabin hankali suna da nauyi fiye da maza na wannan nau'in.
Na mujiya
Kwayar mujiya ta wakilci nau'ikan ashirin da biyu:
- Tawny Owl (Strix aluco), gami da ƙananan kamfanoni guda goma;
- Babban Mujiya (Strix butleri);
- Mujiya Chaco (Strix chacoensis);
- Grey Mujiya (Strix fulvescens);
- Mujiya na Brazil (Strix hylophila);
- Mujiya (Strix leptogrammica);
- Babban Girman Owl (Strix nebulosa);
- Barred Owl (Strix occidentalis), gami da ƙananan kamfanoni uku;
- Mango Mujiya (Strix ocellata);
- Ja mujiya mai kafafu ko ja-kafa (Strix rufipes);
- Babban Mujiya (Strix seloputo), gami da ƙananan kamfanoni guda uku;
- Dogon lokaci ko Ural owl (Strix uralensis);
- Barred Owl (Strix varia);
- Afirka Cyckaba (Strix woodfordii);
- Zebra Cyckaba (Strix huhula);
- Baƙar fata da fari cyckaba (Strix nigrolineata);
- Spot Cyckaba (Strix virgata);
- Red-taguwar cyccaba (Strix albitarsis), gami da ƙaramar ƙasa uku.
Hakanan Strix davidi ko David owl, Strix nivicolum da Strix sartorii suna cikin jinsin Owl.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Owl na Desert (Strix hadorami) wani sabon nau'in mujiya ne wanda yake na jinsi na Tawny Owls kuma an ware shi shekaru uku da suka gabata daga nau'in Strix butleri.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Gray Owl an rarraba shi akan yawancin yankuna Turai da Asiya ta Tsakiya. Tsarin gargajiya na Pale Owl shine Syria, Isra'ila da Misira, da kuma arewa maso gabashin yankin Larabawa. Mujiya Chaco yana zaune ne a manyan manyan yankuna a Kudancin Amurka da ake kira Gran Chaco, da Paraguay, da kudancin Bolivia da arewacin Ajantina, inda tsuntsun ya fi son busassun dazuzzuka, rabin sahara da kuma yankunan busassu. Ciccaba mai launin ja-ja iri ne wanda ke rayuwa a cikin matsattsun tsiri wanda ya miƙe zuwa tsaunukan gabashin yankin Andes kuma ya ratsa ta Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia da Peru.
Owl na Guatemalan yana zaune a yankunan da ke da danshi da dazuzzuka, yayin da nau'ikan mujiya na Brazil su ne mazaunan kudancin Brazil, Paraguay da arewacin Argentina. Yankin rarraba Malay Owl ya faro ne daga Sri Lanka da Indiya, zuwa yammacin Indonesia da yankuna kudu na China. Babban Girman Owl yana mazaunin yankin taiga da gandun daji. Jinsunan da suka yadu daga Kola Peninsula zuwa tsaunukan Primorye, ana samunsu a kusa da Baltic da Gabashin Prussia, a yankin tsakiyar yankin Turai na kasarmu, da kuma Siberia.
Mujiya tawny tana yaduwa a yammacin Arewacin Amurka, kuma ana samun mujiya a cikin manyan bangarorin Bangladesh da Indiya, da kuma yammacin Burma. Wurin da yake na Red-footed ko Red-foot Owl yana da wakiltar gandun daji masu ƙafafu da ƙananan filaye a kudanci da tsakiyar Chile, Tierra del Fuego, yammacin Argentina da Tsibirin Falkland. An samo mujiya a cikin tsibirin Indochina da Tsibirin Sumatra, kuma ya hada da Burma, Malaysia, Thailand da Indonesia.
Doya mai tsawo ko Ural ana samunta mafi yawanci a cikin gandun daji masu haɗe-haɗe da yankuna gandun daji tare da fifikon ruwan dusar kankara... Barred Owl shine nau'in nau'in owls na Arewacin Amurka. Cyckaba na Afirka ya bazu a Afirka, kuma Zebra Cyckaba yana zaune a yankin Kudancin Amurka.
Mazaunin ciccaba mai fari da fari ya sami wakilcin Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela da Ecuador. Ciccabs da aka haifa ana samun su sau da yawa a cikin kewayon nau'ikan nau'ikan: daga Mexico, Venezuela da Colombia zuwa arewacin Argentina da Brazil.
Tawny mujiya na abinci
Grey Owl yana ciyar da ƙananan dabbobi, da tsaka-tsakin tsuntsaye. Owl Chaco galibi mai farautar dare ne wanda ke farautar kananan tsuntsaye da dabbobi masu shayarwa, da kuma wasu dabbobi masu rarrafe, kuma ban da tsuntsaye, kananan dabbobi masu rarrafe da dabbobi masu rarrafe, abincin Guwatelan Brown Owl ya hada da kwari da wasu hanyoyin tsinkaye.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Mujiya tsuntsaye ne mai ban mamaki na dare, yana ciyar da ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa da tsuntsaye, da kifi da dabbobi masu rarrafe.
Babban Girman Owl yana farauta ne kawai da rana, yana ba da fifiko ga ƙananan beraye, kuma wani lokacin zuwa matsakaitan matsakaita. Abincin yau da kullun na pagoda owl yana wakiltar kowane nau'i na rodents, ƙananan tsuntsaye da ƙananan kwari.
Babban abinci ga babban mujiya mai tsawon lokaci shine mafi yawan lokuta kowane irin linzamin linzamin kwamfuta, gami da ƙuraje. Wani lokaci mai farauta mai fuka-fukai yana cin ganyayyaki a kan shrews da kwaɗi, kwari iri-iri da ƙyallen abubuwa masu wuce gona da iri. Idan ya cancanta, babban tsuntsu yana iya jimre wa ɓarna, hazel grouse da baƙin grouse. Barred Owl yana amfani da beraye, voles da sauran kananan beraye a cikin abincinsa, baya watsi da tsuntsaye da wasu kwari, da kifi da kwadi.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Lokaci da mita na haifuwa, girman kamawa da tsawon lokacin shiryawa sun bambanta a cikin wakilan jinsi a cikin halaye takamaiman fasali. Misali, babban mujiya mai launin toka bashi da tsarin gida, don haka mafi kyawun gurbi na wasu tsuntsayen, yawanci ungulu da shaho, tsuntsaye masu cin nama suna amfani dasu sosai.
Clutch yawanci 2-4 farin kwai ne. Mujiya na zaune a kan kwan-kwan da ƙarfi sosai, tare da fikafikansa da wutsiya sama, saboda haka, a wannan lokacin, yana kama da kaza mai rarrafe. Namiji na Babban Grey Owl zai iya shiga cikin tsarin samar da kayayyaki. Yayin da take kusantar gida, tsuntsun yana dan leke baki yana tsoratarwa. Matsakaicin lokacin shiryawa shine wata daya.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Bunƙasa da bunƙasar kajin sai a hankali: samari sun fara yin kururuwa ne kawai a mako na shida, kuma tsuntsayen sun sami cikakkiyar zana a tsakiyar watan Agusta. Broa'idodin suna tare tare da iyayensu a duk lokacin kaka.
Makiya na halitta
Yanayi na iya ɗaukar tarin haɗari ga mujiya na kowane zamani da jinsi, gami da haɗuwa da haɗuwa da wasu manyan dabbobi masu farauta, cututtuka masu haɗari da rashin abinci. Gabaɗaya an yi imanin cewa mutuwar yawancin muji a cikin yanayin yanayi galibi ana danganta shi da yunwa, kazalika da harin manyan mahara masu fuka-fukai, waɗanda mikiya, ungulu da gaggafa ta zinariya ke wakilta.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Jinsin, da ke cikin barazanar barazanar bacewa, a yau Grey ne ke wakiltar su, ko kuma na mujiya na yau da kullun, da kuma mujiya Chaco da wasu sauran sanannun wakilan jinsin Owl.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Owl na Brazil ya fi son gandun daji masu yawa, sakamakon haka a halin yanzu ba a nazarin wannan nau'in sosai, kuma yawan mutanen yana cikin tambaya.
A karshen karnin da ya gabata, an baiwa mujiya mai tabo matsayi na "nau'ikan halittar da ke cikin hatsari", don haka ragin wadannan masu farauta masu fuka-fuka yanzu sun kusa zuwa wuri mai rauni.
