Shemaya (Сhalсalburnus Сhalsoids) kifi ne mai kyan gani wanda yake na dangin carp da kuma jinsin Ukleiki. Makarantar koyon kifin nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i ne kuma yana da raguwar ci gaba a yawan jama'a.
Bayanin kifin shemaya
A halin yanzu, akwai sunaye da yawa don kifin shemaya - "kifin shamaya", ko "shamayka", wanda ya samo asali daga tsohuwar Farisa. Sunan Persia "shah-mai" an fassara shi azaman "kifin sarauta".
Bayyanar
Dangane da sifar jikinsa, kifin shamayka mai haske wanda yake da haske, an rufe shi da ƙananan sikeli, azurfa. Jikin kifin yana da faɗi da ƙanƙani, a hankali an matse shi daga ɓangaren gefe. Halin kansa yana da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Baya yana sheki, koren duhu, gefuna cikin launuka masu haske, tare da kasancewar haske. Matsakaicin tsayin jiki na baligi ya kai cm 34-35. Siffar ta ƙarewar dorsal ita ce yadda take bayyana a gaba.
Fushin gaban shamikas suna da lemun tsami mai jan hankali. Characterizedarshen ƙwanƙolin yana da alamar motsawa ta baya, kuma fin na gaba yana cikin yankin ciki, kai tsaye bayan fin fin. Babu shakka duk ƙarancin kifin masu farauta suna da launi a launin toka. A cikin dukkannin kamanninta, kifin shamaya mai matsakaiciya yayi kama da vimba, kuma babban bambancin shine fasalin jiki wanda yake ɗan ƙara tsayi.
Jawananan muƙamuƙin kifin ya fi ƙarfin muƙamuƙin na sama girma. Idanun azurfa ne, tare da ƙaramin ɗigon baƙin duhu a saman. Matsakaicin matsakaicin nauyin balagagge ya kai kimanin 580-650 g.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Ba a yi nazarin halaye na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwar mutane na wannan nau'in kifin mai rai-ƙyallen-ɗari a halin yanzu ba. Abun lura ya nuna cewa kifin shamik na cikin rukunin makarantun, kuma sun fi son zama cikin ruwa mai tsabta da wadataccen oxygen. An lura cewa wakilan farautar dangin Carp da na Ukleiki sun haura zuwa saman rufin ruwa tare da farkon dare.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Masana kimiyya sun gano cewa wani shamayka mai cin nama da ke rayuwa a cikin teku kusan koyaushe yana iya shiga cikin ruwan kogin na musamman yayin tsire-tsire.
Kuma da rana, irin wannan kifin yana nitsewa kusa da ƙasan matattarar ruwa ta duniya. Makarantun mafarauta sun isa nesa da bakin teku, amma wani lokacin suna iya kusantowa nesa kusa. Bambancin Bavaria yana ajiye cikin tafki tare da tsarkakakken ruwa mai yuwuwa da dutsen ƙasa mai duwatsu.
Tsawon rayuwa
Ba a tabbatar da iyakar tsawon rayuwar shamika ba a halin yanzu, saboda karancin cikakkun bayanai kan kifaye masu farauta. Koyaya, bisa ga wasu bayanai, Aral Shemaya na iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru tara, kuma matsakaiciyar tsaran irin wannan baligi yakai 30-32 cm.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Kifin Shamayka, wanda ke rarrabe ta hanyar salon rayuwa mai banƙyama, yana da iyakantaccen yanki na rarrabawa... Daban-daban na shemai suna iya rayuwa cikin ruwa mai dadi da na ruwa. A cikin Yankin Bahar Maliya, yankin rarraba ya isa sosai.
Misali, makarantun kifi suna tashi tare da Kogin Don kuma suna shiga rafuffukan da suke sama. Hakanan akwai sanannun lokuta game da bayyanar shamika a cikin yankin Voronezh har ma da ɗan ƙarami. A cikin Tekun Caspian, wakilin farautar kifi mai kyan gani ya fi so ya zauna a yankin kudu maso yamma, kuma da wuya ya shiga yankunan arewacin makarantar.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ba a samun kifi a cikin Dnieper. A wasu ƙasashen Turai, ana sanin wakilin dangi da Ukleiki a cikin ruwan Danube kawai, kuma yana cikin rukunin kifayen da ba safai ake samunsu ba.
A cikin Kogin Volga, wasu daga cikin filayen da suka haifar da kifayen sun zama ba sa isa ga kifi saboda tsabtace da kuma aiki da sifofin lantarki. Koyaya, a cikin wasu tafkunan ƙasarmu, ana lura da wasu nau'ikan kifin shamik.
Wasu kifayen da ba safai suke rayuwa ba a cikin Kalmykia da Stavropol. Shemai iri-iri suna rayuwa ne da yawa a cikin tabkuna a cikin Bavaria. Kwanan nan dangi, an gano shemaya a cikin Yankin Turkestan, inda take zaune a Ak-Darya Duman-Kul.
Abinci da abinci mai gina jiki
Shamaika na daga cikin nau'ikan halittu masu cin abincin ruwa, saboda haka tushen abincin irin wannan kifin yana wakiltar plankton, nau'ikan kwari iri daban-daban da tsutsa, da kuma crustaceans. A wasu yanayi, shamayka ma na iya farautar soya.
Kiwo shemaya kifi
Shemaya, tare da wasu nau'ikan siffofin da ba su da kyau, suna cikin ruwa mai tsabta... Shemai garken tumaki sun fara kaura zuwa cikin kogin da ke taho a cikin shekaru goma na ƙarshen Satumba ko farkon Oktoba. Tsarin miƙa mulki ya kasance har zuwa Janairu-Maris. A lokacin bazara daga baya, Shemika ya ɗan shiga cikin kogin kaɗan, inda ake farawa da haihuwa. Don samun nasarar haihuwa, shemai yana buƙatar zafin jiki na ruwa a matakin 18 ° C.
Balagaggen kifin da ya balaga daga ƙarshen watan Mayu zuwa shekaru goma na ƙarshe na Yuli. Siffofin haihuwar garken garken Shemika daban-daban a cikin ruwan kogi daban-daban, kuma suna iya zama kwai dubu 2.6-23.5. Shemai na fara fitowa ne daga maraice ko kuma da daddare, a wuraren da ke da ƙanƙara da ƙasa mai duwatsu, idan babu algae da daddawa. Bayan haihuwa, duk manyan kifayen shemai ba sa zama a cikin ruwan kogin, amma nan da nan suka tashi zuwa bakin teku.
Mafi yawan lokuta, kifaye masu farauta sukan zaɓi ɓarke don ƙirar da ke da ruwa mai tsabta da saurin gudu. A matsayinka na doka, ɓarnawa yana faruwa a zurfin 20-40 cm, kuma ƙwai ɗin da aka haifa suna ɗauke da abin da ke gudana a yanzu a ƙarƙashin pebbles ko ƙananan duwatsu, wanda aka aminta da su.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Fishananan kifin na Shemai suna da halin saurin ci gaba, wanda ke faruwa a cikin kogin, kuma bayan kimanin shekara guda, shemai yana motsawa zuwa cikin teku, inda ake haɓaka matakan girma.
A karkashin sharadi masu kyau, tsutsa tsutsa bayan kimanin kwana uku. Na dogon lokaci, ƙyanƙyashin ƙyanƙyashe suna a ƙasan tafkin, a cikin wuri mai duhu, sannan kuma a hankali suna mirgina rafin kogin zuwa ruwan teku.
Makiya na halitta
Babban abokin gaba na shamiki shine mutum... A karnin da ya gabata, dumbin arzikin kifin Shemai ya ragu sosai sakamakon gina cibiyoyin wutar lantarki da kamun kifi da ba shi da iko, wanda ya haifar da tilasta kiwo na wannan dabba mai cin ruwa.
Baya ga ragin wuraren da ake shukawa, aikin haifuwa na shemai yana da mummunar illa ta gurɓatar da keɓaɓɓun ruwa, kazalika da gagarumin canji a matakin ruwa a cikin tekuna da koguna.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Akwai kusan pean ƙungiyoyi goma sha uku na Shemai, amma biyu kawai ke zaune a cikin tafkunan Rasha: Bahar Black shamayka da Caspian. Hakanan ana rarrabe ƙofar shiga da siffofin zama. Shemai mai ban sha'awa koyaushe sun kasance mazaunan gari na Bahar Maliya da Tekun Azov.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Naman shamiki yana da dadi kuma mai gina jiki, mai daushi da kuma taushi mai ban mamaki, saboda irin wannan mazaunin na cikin ruwa ya dawwama ya zama tushen kamun kifi ga mazauna yankin, da masunta-yawon bude ido.
Sakamakon irin wannan kwazo na dan'adam ya ragu sosai a yawan jama'a; saboda haka, kifi ya daina samun sa akai-akai a cikin yanayin muhallin. A halin yanzu, shamayka an lasafta shi a cikin Littafin Ja.
Koyaya, duk da yawan takunkumi da hukunci da aka sanya, har yanzu kamun kifi ba bisa doka ba. Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, kamun kifin kasuwanci laifi ne na laifi, kuma saboda irin wadannan laifukan, ana ba da sharadi ko ainihin lokacin ɗaurin kurkuku.
