Baikal ba wai kawai tafki ne ko ajiyar yanayi ba, yana da ban mamaki, duniya ce mai ban mamaki tare da nata fasali na musamman, wanda kowane mutum ya sani tun daga makaranta.
Tabbas, yawancin tsirrai da dabbobin da za'a iya samu a gaɓar ta ba kawai a layin Red Book kawai aka lissafa ba, suna rayuwa ne a cikin wuri ɗaya, kawai a duniyar mu, a gefen Tafkin Baikal.
Alamun Baikal
Duk mazaunan wannan yanayin na ban mamaki suna da nutsuwa game da kasancewar mutum, wanda suka saba da shi saboda haɓaka yanayin ɗabi'a. Amma mafi mashahuri dabbobin Baikal don hotuna- da ruwan tabarau na bidiyo na 'yan yawon bude ido, waɗannan tabbas, like ne.
A zahiri, hatimin Baikal hatimi ne. Waɗannan fararen hulun suna daf da ƙarewa saboda ayyukan dogon lokaci na kamfanonin da ke zubar da shara a cikin tafkin, kuma a halin yanzu ana kare nau'in Baikal na hatimai da gaske, a zahiri kowace dabba tana da gunta da "masu sa ido".
Masana kimiyya har yanzu suna jayayya game da yadda waɗannan kyawawan dabbobin suka ƙare a keɓe ruwan tabkin. Tabbataccen tabbataccen ka'ida yana da alama game da ƙaura yayin lokacin glaciation daga Tekun Arctic.
Alamomi suna cinye kusan lokacinsu a cikin ruwa, sa'annan su shawagi sama don jan iska zuwa huhunsu. A ranaku masu kyau, masu dumi, musamman a farkon faduwar rana, sukan canza dabi'unsu su tafi bakin teku ko rami don kwanciya da shan rana.
Suna yin bacci kusa da gabar teku, a cikin sassan hummocky, a ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara, suna amfani da hibernation ɗin ma don haifuwa. Mata na hatimin Baikal sun girma fiye da na maza, suna kai ga balagar jima’i da shekara 4-4.5, alhali “yara maza” sun fara nuna sha'awar su ne kawai a shekaru 5-6.
Ciki mace na tsawon watanni 11, kuma galibi ana haihuwar jarirai daga Fabrairu zuwa tsakiyar Afrilu. Haka kuma, mata na iya haihuwa har zuwa shekaru 40-45, duk da cewa hatimai suna rayuwa a ƙarƙashin kyakkyawan yanayi na kimanin shekaru 50. Bornananan yara ana haifuwa, galibi ɗiya ɗaya, da wuya biyu. Sababbin hatimi suna da nauyin kilogiram 3,5-4 kuma an rufe su da farin farin dusar ƙanƙara.
Nauyin dabba mai girma ya bambanta daga kilogiram 50 zuwa 150, hatimin yana samun ta duk rayuwarsa, yana ciyar da kifi, galibi nau'in golomyanka-goby, suna cin kilogiram 4-5 na kifi kowace rana.
Tsawon shekara guda, kowane ɗayan waɗannan yankakken na iya cin kusan tan na kifi, yayin da hatimin ya kasance mai ninkaya mai matukar kyau, haɓaka, idan ya cancanta, saurin 20-25 km / h.
Elk
Prongs suna rayuwa cikin Eurasia, amma waɗannan dabbobi akan Baikal – ba safai ba, tunda sun banbanta da duk wasu muzuna, da farko - cikin girma. A matsakaita, nauyin kwankwason da ke rayuwa a gabar tafkin ya kai 400, amma yawancin maza sun wuce kilogiram 500.
Tsayin waɗannan kyawawa a bushewa a ƙananan iyakar shi mita 2.5 ne, kuma mafi ƙarancin tsawon jiki mita uku ne. Ana samun mafi karfi da kyawawan tururuwa a cikin ɗan shekara 15, kuma suna rayuwa a ƙarƙashin kyakkyawan yanayi na shekaru 25-30.
Hornaho suna fadowa a watan Janairu, haɓakar '' sabo '' suna farawa a farkon watan Maris. Rut ɗin yana faruwa ne a watan Satumba zuwa Oktoba, kuma an haifi ƙananan maruƙa a watan Mayu-Yuni. Dattawan Elk suna zaune a cikin ƙananan rukuni na mutane 4-8, suna ciyar da ciyawa da harbe, kuma a lokacin hunturu suna cin baƙi.
Barewa
Waɗannan kyawawan 'yan barewa ne, wani lokacin ana kiran su' 'saber-toothed' 'barewa. 'Yan asalin ƙasar suna da kyakkyawar labari game da yadda barewa ta ƙaunaci lynx, kuma barewar miski ta zama' ya'yan wannan sha'awar.
Waɗannan dabbobi na musamman, kamar hatimin, suna gab da halaka. A wannan halin, dalili shi ne mafarauta. Barewa maza miski ne tushen miski, wani abu ne na musamman na asalin dabbobi, wanda shine tushen girke-girke da yawa, duka na masu turare da likitoci.
Wannan shine ɗayan mafi ƙanƙantar dawa a Duniya. Matsakaicin nauyin barewar miski shine kilogiram 18, kuma tsawon jiki mita ɗaya ne kawai. Ba su da ƙaho, amma maza suna da layu masu laushi, waɗanda za a iya amfani da su don sauƙaƙe lasisi daga bishiyoyi - abincin da aka fi so na barewar musk. Rut yana farawa a ƙarshen Oktoba, kuma bayan kwanaki 190-200, ba a haifi littlean fari ba.
Wolverine
Mara hankali kuma, da farko kallo, mara karewa, Baikal wolverines haƙiƙa masu lalata ne, masu saurin wuce gona da iri daga dangin weasel. Yayi kamanceceniya da ƙaramar bear, wolverine ya kai matsakaita na tsawon mita.
Wannan mafarauci ne kuma matafiyi mara gajiyawa, a cikin wata rana yakan tafi kilomita 40-50 don neman ganima ba tare da wahala ba. Wannan cutie yana ciyar da tsuntsaye, beraye, ƙwai, idan ya haɗu da gida, baya ƙyamar gawa kuma yana da ƙarfin kai hari ga dabbar da aka raunata ko ta mutu. 'Yan asalin ƙasar suna da tatsuniyoyi da yawa game da wayo, dabbanci da wolverine, mai sauƙin fatattakar muz.
Ba su da takamaiman lokaci don saduwa, amma mata yawanci suna haihuwa a cikin hunturu, suna gina kogon rami a cikin dusar ƙanƙara. Bugu da ƙari, ko ta yaya, ubannin suna koyon abin da ke faruwa kuma suna can, suna kula da iyali da kuma kawo abinci ga mata da jarirai.
Wolverine "'yan mata" na iya haifar da' ya'ya sau biyu a shekara, amma bisa lura da aka gudanar tun daga 1969, wannan yana faruwa da wuya. Wadannan kyawawan abubuwan ban sha'awa suna rayuwa tsawon shekaru 10-15, kuma a cikin ajiyar suna da guda daya kawai, amma babban maƙiyi mai tsanani - kerkeci.
Red Wolf
Dabba mafi ƙarancin rai a yau, wanda a cikin fasalin yanayin diloli, kerkeci da kyarkyata suke gauraya, sun taɓa zama a cikin ƙasarmu a ko'ina cikin Altai, Buryatia, Primorsky Krai. A yau, a yankin gabar tekun, wannan nau'in an dawo da shi ta hanun mutum, ta hanyar amfani da dabbobin da aka shigo dasu daga Arewacin China.
Wadannan kyawawan ƙayatattun ƙawancen, girman makiyayan Jamusanci, sun sami tushe sosai kuma a wannan lokacin, akwai riga akwai ƙananan ƙungiyoyi da yawa a cikin ajiyar, wanda. Bayan lokaci, za su zama garken tumaki.
Salon rayuwar kyawawan jajaye maza daidai yake da kerkeci. Suna farauta tare, a kan marasa kulawa, duk da haka, idan suka ga wani ɗan daji da ke yawo a hanya, sun manta da komai na duniya, nan da nan suka fara farautar mai farautar.
Basu da wani takamaiman lokaci na saduwa, ciki na kerkeci yakai kwana 60-65, kuma ana haihuwar wan kerkeci daga biyu zuwa goma. Wolves sun kai ga balagar jima’i da shekara ɗaya da rabi, amma sun fara saduwa da shekara biyu.
Bugu da ƙari, wannan jinsin, da sauran kerkeci, suna da halin “ƙaunar rai”, aminci da daidaito. Garken suna zaune a cikin kogo da kuma rami.
Wadannan kyawawan dabbobin suna rayuwa daga shekara 12 zuwa 15, kuma sun bace daga yankin Rasha sau daya kawai saboda farauta da farauta. Bugu da ƙari, an harbe kerkeci ne kawai saboda wutsiyoyinsu masu ban al'ajabi, daga tsayin 50 cm, suna kama da fox.
Biya
Kodayake bears masu launin ruwan kasa, kamar muza, suna rayuwa a ko'ina cikin Eurasia, kawai a cikin tafkin ne ainihin sarakunan yanayi. Tsawan jikin wadannan kyawawan mutanen da ke zaune kusa da ruwan tafkin Baikal ya kai mita 2.5-3, tsayin da ya bushe daga mita daya da rabi ne. Dabba yana da mahimmanci, mai natsuwa, ba gaggawa. Koyaya, idan ya zama dole, a sauƙaƙe zai yi tafiyar kilomita 300 don neman abinci, sannan ya dawo.
Beyar Baikal na da komai, kamar kowa, amma sun fi son kifi da duk wani abinci. Ko da zuma baya ga sabon kifi, bears saboda shi suna iya barin ruwan na rabin yini. Kulawa a gabar tekun na tsawan wata shida; bears suna gina ramuka a nan sosai fiye da danginsu na Turai.
Ba su da lokacin sadaukarwa don saduwa, a lokaci guda daga jarirai ɗaya zuwa huɗu ake haihuwar, waɗanda ke ciyar da farkon baccinsu tare da beyar. Kuma Bears suna rayuwa a cikin ajiyar shekaru 20-25.
Lynx
Lynx shine katin ziyartar ajiyar. Kyakkyawan kyanwa mai ƙayatarwa, saboda saduwa wanda zakuyi ƙoƙari sosai. Bugu da ƙari, lynx da kansu suna hango masu nutsuwa cikin nutsuwa, ba tunanin ɓoyewa ko guduwa ba. Suna zaune ne kawai a cikin wurare mafi wahala na ajiyar.
Ita kyanwa ce, koda kuwa wannan kyan Baikal lynx ce. Wannan dabbar ita ce mai kadaici. Lynxes ba sa yin kiwo a kowane lokaci, yawanci akwai kittens 3-5, kuma uba baya kula da iyali.
Lynx yana farautar komai, abincin sa shine kurege, barewa, dawakai. Duk abin da ta gani kuma zata iya kamawa. Ba zai taɓa wucewa kusa da gida tare da ƙwai ba, amma galibi ba ya cin abinci, amma kawai yana kwankwasawa da ƙafafunsa.
Lynx yana kai hari ne daga kwanton bauna, yana haɓaka saurin nan take kuma ya isa sosai. Amma yanzu, abin farauta yana da dama da yawa don tserewa, tunda kyanwar ta riga ta faɗi a kan mita 70 na bin.
Koyaya, idan komai ya yi aiki don lynx, kuma ya yi tsalle nan da nan kan farautarsa, ko dawa ba shi da damar rayuwa. Lynx bashi da girmama komai. fauna na Baikal, amma, oddly isa, ya kasance gaba ɗaya tsaka tsaki dangane da wolverines.
Irbis
Dabba mai almara, kusan abin ban sha'awa - irbis, damisa mai dusar ƙanƙara ta Tafkin Baikal. Wannan dabbar ba ta cikin su kawai ba dabbobin littafin Red Book of Baikal, yana da matsayi na musamman - ba shi taɓa taɓawa a kowane yanayi, haɗe da barazanar rayuwa.
Idan damisa ta kawo hari, dan yawon bude ido zai iya yin amfani da darts tare da kwayoyin bacci, daidai da dokar da gwamnatin tarayya ta bayar game da kariya daga nau'ikan dabbobi masu yawan gaske.
Gabaɗaya, a cikin tarihin ajiyar. Tun shekara ta 1969, ba a sami labarin aukuwar damisa a kan mutane ba. Wadannan maharan suna rayuwa ne a duk yankin da aka ajiye, farautar ungulaye kuma, gaba daya, suna kama da manyan kuliyoyi. Kowane irin wannan dabba yana microchipped. A yau damisa 49 suna zaune a yankin ajiyar.
Nauyin waɗannan kyawawan mutane ya fara daga 55 zuwa 65 kilogiram, tsawon jiki mai ƙarfi cike da tsokoki na ƙarfe daga mita 1.05 zuwa 1.1. Damisa na son yin aure daga Janairu zuwa ƙarshen Maris, kuma bayan kwanaki 100 daga haihuwa zuwa huɗu zuwa huɗu huɗu masu kyanwa masu farin ƙanƙara.
A cikin farauta, damisar dusar ƙanƙarawa koyaushe tana farawa ne da ungulaye, amma, tunda damisar ta daɗe ba tare da yin kwanton bauna ba, zomo yakan yi tsalle a kusa. A wannan halin, wani wawan mari ne ya kama shi, wanda yake da sauri wanda mutum bai san shi ba.
Farauta ta ƙare a wannan, damisa a hankali tana cin mushen kurege, kuma idan rago, barewa ko akuya suka bayyana a wannan lokacin, babu abin da ke tsoratar da su kwata-kwata, har sai damisar dusar kankara ta sake yin yunwa. Wannan katuwar katuwar tana bukatar kilogiram 3 zuwa 5 na nama a lokaci guda.
Kurege
Lokacin magana game da dabbobin Baikal, da farko, suna tuna game da masu farauta, game da nau'ikan nau'ikan da ke fuskantar haɗari, suna mantawa game da zomo. Farin kurege dabba ce, ba tare da wad'anda da yawa daga "masu farauta da kyawawa" da kawai ba za su mutu da yunwa ba. Kurege na rayuwa ko'ina cikin ajiyar abinci kuma ya zama abincin kusan duk masu farautar su.
Farar fata kansu, dabbobin suna da girma. Sun kai nauyin kilogiram 2,5 zuwa 5, kuma tsawon zai iya kaiwa cm 50. An yi imanin cewa kurege suna aiki da yamma da daddare, amma zomo yana aiki koyaushe a Tafkin Baikal.
Suna haƙa ƙananan mink, daga 8-9 m, wannan saboda gaskiyar cewa har yanzu kurege sun fi son kada su faɗa cikin ganimar mazaunan "Red Book". Farin bera suna cin abinci kwata-kwata, tare da ganyayyaki, 'ya'yan itace da furanni, da asalinsu. A lokacin sanyi, suna cin baƙi da rassa.
Bunnies suna son kiwo, zomo yakan kawo litar 3-4 na zomayen 2-6 a shekara. Kurege suna zama a wurin ajiya a cikin manyan "iyalai", kuma suna da ma'amala sosai kuma galibi suna 'taimakon juna'.
Fox
Karnukan da ke zaune a duk faɗin duniya, a gefen tafkin tabki, sun isa, ba daidai ba. A nan ne kawai jajayen jahohi suke da nutsuwa sosai game da mutane, kuma idan suka ga gungun masana, ba kawai suna barin wurin bane, amma suna fara “nunawa”, suna murmushi tare da cikakkun bakinsu.
Ya kamata a sani cewa wannan dabarar ta haifar da 'ya'ya kuma shahararrun ja da wayo a tsakanin masu yawon bude ido ya tsallake kagen Pallas' cat, lynx, har ma da damisa mai dusar ƙanƙara.
A lokaci guda, su kansu karnukan, ba shakka, ba su damu da dacewarsu ba, kawai yawon bude ido koyaushe suna barin wani abu mai daɗi, misali, kukis, waɗanda gwanayen ke ci da babban farin ciki. Jagorori sun rufe ido ga irin waɗannan abubuwa, saboda kyakkyawan nazarin waɗanda suka "yi magana" tare da fodawa na jan hankalin sabbin yawon buɗe ido zuwa wurin.
Fox ne dabba mai ladabi. Mutanen da ke zaune a gefen tafkin sun ɗan bambanta da waɗanda ke zaune a dazukan Turai. Nauyin chanterelle na gida yana jujjuyawa zuwa kilogram 10-15, kuma tsawon ya kai 80-90 cm, ban da wutsiya. Wutsiyar daga 60 cm, kuma dawakai ba sa shuka shi don rigunan gashin mutane, amma a matsayin "mai daidaitawa" yayin gudu.
42-kyawawan kayan kwalliya masu launin jan-baki galibi babu dare, amma ba a Tafkin Baikal ba. Ba a bayyana ba ko hakan ya faru ne saboda masu yawon bude ido ko kuma ayyukan dare-da-rana na babban abincin kyankyasai - hares.
Chanterelles suna rayuwa a duk duniya daga shekaru 3 zuwa 10, a cikin ajiyar rayuwarsu ta fi tsayi, bisa ga ƙididdigar da aka tattara tare da taimakon masu kula da wasa, karnukan cikin gida sun fara mutuwa tun suna da shekaru 15 zuwa 17.
Ana amfani da kabarin Dawakai ne kawai don tsari daga haɗari ko mummunan yanayi da kuma kiwo. Idan yanayi ya yi kyau, babu makiya a kusa kuma fox ba zai haihu ba - za ta kwanta ne kawai a karkashin wani daji, a dunkule cikin leda.
Dawakai kwararrun mafarauta ne, amma a tafkin Baikal suma masunta ne masunta kuma masu son cin tsutsotsi da tsutsa. Wannan kuma ya banbanta "jajayen fata" na gari daga duk wasu.
Ba su da wani takamaiman lokaci don "dangantakar aure", amma Foxu sun fi son haihuwa a farkon bazara. An yi rikodin kararraki lokacin da mace a cikin mummunan yanayi ta kori namiji, yayin da, idan komai ya yi aiki don dabbar, 'ya'yan za su bayyana a cikin "hunturu".
Duk iyayen suna da hannu wajen kiwon jarirai. Menene dangin kabokai na rayuwa, kamar na kyarketai. Kowane dangi yana da yankinsa. Koyaya, idan akwai wadataccen abinci, Foxu suna da nutsuwa game da "baƙi".
Gabaɗaya, dabbobin tabkin Baikal, kamar tsuntsaye da kifaye - dukansu sun haɗu da nasu na musamman, duniya ta musamman. Dukansu suna da alaƙa da juna, duka da juna da kuma ita kanta tafkin.
Ana iya ganin wannan a kallon farko, ba don komai ba, duk da tsadar farashin yawon bude ido, yawan masanan suna ta karuwa koyaushe, kuma waɗanda suka riga suka ziyarci wurin ajiyar tabbas za su sake dawowa.
