Ofungiyar ƙananan birai - marmosets na zaki - suna da wuri na musamman tsakanin birrai. Abun takaici, irin wannan biri yana kan daya daga cikin manyan wurare a cikin jerin nau'in dabbobin da ke cikin hatsari.
Bayanin marmosets na zaki
Marmosets na zaki (Latin Leontopithecus) sune manyan wakilan birai na dangin marmoset. An rarraba su ne kawai a kudu maso gabashin Brazil.
Bayyanar
Marmosets na zaki suna da zagaye kai tare da gajeru, fuska kwance ba gashi, da ƙananan idanu da manyan kunnuwa waɗanda suke ado da ƙyallen gashi. Wadannan dabbobin suna da daga hakora 32 zuwa 36, canines suna da girma kuma sun yi kauri, na sama suna da siffa mai kusurwa uku da tsagi wanda yake fitowa daga waje da kuma daga ciki. Siririn jikin marmosets na zaki ya kai tsayin 20 zuwa 34 cm. Matsakaicin nauyin wadannan birai gram 500-600 ne..
Theafusususususususususun gajeru ne, na gaba suna da ƙarfi sosai kuma sun riga sun zama na gaskiya, yayin da na baya ba su bambanta da sauran birai ba. Ba kamar sauran birrai ba, yatsun marmosets din zaki, kamar sauran dangi, ba su da faratan farce, amma farace. Iyakar abin da ya keɓance shi ne babban yatsan yatsun hannu na baya - suna da manyan ƙusoshin hannu, tiled a cikin sifa. Wannan tsari na gabar jiki yana basu damar motsawa cikin sauri da karfin gwiwa ta bishiyoyi.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Tsawon firam mai laushi kamar 30-40 cm.
Woolrensu yana da yanayi mai laushi da taushi, kuma launinsa, ya dogara da nau'in marmoset, na iya zama zinare ko baƙi, wani lokacin yana da tudu. Babu bambancin kamannin mace da na miji. Wani fasali na waɗannan manyan birai shine dogon gashi wanda yake sakar kanshi kuma yayi kama da na zaki.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Marmosets na zaki suna zaune a yankuna daban-daban tare da yanki mai kusan kadada 40-70 kuma suna kare dukiyoyinsu daga wasu dabbobi tare da taimakon fushin fuska da kuka mai ƙarfi. Suna zaune a cikin ƙananan iyalai na mutane 3-7, inda mata da maza suke da tsarin mulkinsu. Iyali na iya haɗawa da manya da yawa na jinsi daban-daban ko ƙungiyar dangi tare da offspringa growingan girma. Dabbobi suna magana a tsakanin su ta hanyar ihu kuma ba sa barin juna daga gani.
Mahimmanci! A tsakanin iyalai, halayyar zamantakewar jama'a ta haɓaka, ana bayyana ta yadda ake kulawa da ulu da kuma rarraba abinci.
Igrunks suna cinye mafi yawan rayuwarsu a cikin bishiyoyi, sun fi son kauri na shuke-shuke. Ba kamar sauran birai ba, ba sa zama a kan ƙafafunsu na baya, amma a kan dukkan gaɓoɓin 4 a lokaci ɗaya, ko ma kwance a kan cikinsu, suna jingina jelar wutsiyarsu a ƙasa. Hakanan, ba a taɓa ganin su suna tafiya da ƙafafu biyu ba - yayin tafiya, suna taka duk ƙafafun ƙafafun kafa da na hannayen na gaba. Marmosets na zaki sune masu tsalle masu kyau.
Wadannan birai suna gudanar da rayuwarsu da rana, amma da daddare sukan sami mafaka a cikin dazuzzuka masu yawa ko ramuka na itace, inda suke juyewa zuwa cikin kwallaye gama gari. Yayin da suke cikin bauta, marmosets galibi suna ɓoye a cikin kwalaye waɗanda aka tanadar musu don yin barci ba kawai da daddare ba, har ma da rana. Da safe suna barin matsugunansu suna zuwa neman abinci. Igrunki birrai ne masu ban dariya da ban sha'awa tare da saurin fushi da ha'inci.
A cikin fursuna, suna da tsoro, ba su da aminci, suna da saurin fushi, yanayinsu ba shi da ƙarfi - gamsuwa daga abin da ke faruwa na iya canzawa ba zato ba tsammani, yana tilasta birai su haƙoransu cikin tsoro ko kuma murza su da fushi. A cikin mazauninsu na asali, waɗannan birrai suna rayuwa cikin aminci, ba su da son zuciyar da ke cikin wasu birai.
Mahimmanci! Marmosets na zaki suna iya gane abubuwan da aka zana a cikin zane: misali, suna jin tsoron hoton kyanwa, kuma suna ƙoƙari su kama ƙwaroyen ƙwaro ko ciyawar fure.
Yaya yawancin marmosets ke rayuwa
Marmosets masu lafiya suna rayuwa shekaru 10-14, rayuwar rikodin ta kasance shekaru 18.5 - wannan shine shekarun da dabbar ɗayan dabbobin ta yi.
Nau'o'in marmosets
Gabaɗaya, ana rarrabe nau'ikan 4. Zasu iya kawo zuriyarin marmosets, ba tare da la'akari da lokacin ba:
- Zakin zinari tamarin, ko Rosary, ko marmoset na zinariya (lat Leontopithecus rosalia) - yana da siliki mai laushi, launin launinsa ya fito daga lemu mai haske zuwa zurfin jan-lemu, da man goshin zakin jan karfe;
- Zakin marmoset mai kan kai (lat Leontopithecus Chrysomelas) - ya bambanta da bakar ulu da man goran zinare, akwai kuma alamun zinare a gaban kafa da jela;
- Black zaki marmoset (lat Leontopithecus Chrysopygus) - wannan nau'ikan marmoset din zaki kusan baki ne, ban da gindi mai launin ruwan kasa-ja;
- Black fuska fuska marmoset (lat Leontopithecus Caissara) - halin jikin rawaya da fararen fata, wutsiya da motsuwa.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Suna zaune ne kawai a kudu maso gabashin Brazil, yankin da ake rarraba wadannan birai ya shafi Sao Paulo, Bahia, Rio de Janeiro da arewacin Parana. Suna zaune a gandun dajin Atlantic na Brazil, galibi a filayen bakin teku.
Abincin zaki na marmosets
Marmosets na zaki sune masu cinye kwari, katantanwa, gizo-gizo, kananan kashin baya, ƙwai tsuntsaye, amma sama da kashi 80% na babban abincinsu shine 'ya'yan itace, fure da tsire-tsire.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Duk da cewa yawancin maza da mata da yawa na iya rayuwa a cikin rukuni ɗaya, ɗayan biyu ne kawai aka ba su izinin haifuwa.
Bayan makonni 17-18 na ciki, mace ta haifi cubasa, galibi galibi tagwaye ne, wanda, a ƙa'ida, ba shi da kyau ga sauran birai. Sabon marmosets na jariri shine ainihin kwafin manya, ana nuna bambancin ne kawai in babu abin motsawa da gajeren gashi.
Dukkanin birai, gami da samari, suna da hannu wajen kiwon zuriya, amma mahaifin ya fi kulawa. Mafi yawan lokuta, namiji ne yake daukar zuriya, yana canzawa 'ya' yan matan ga mintuna 15 kacal a kowane awa 2-3 don ciyarwa, kuma wannan yakan kai makonni 7. Lokacin da thea arean suka kasance sati huɗu, suna fara ɗanɗanar abinci mai ƙarfi yayin ci gaba da ciyar da madarar uwarsu. Lokacin da theasan suka cika watanni uku, iyaye sukan yaye su daga kansu.
Mahimmanci! Marmosets na zaki zasu iya yin kiwo ko'ina cikin shekara.
A kimanin shekaru 1.5-2, marmosets na zaki sun balaga ga jima'i, amma saboda dangantakar zamantakewar tsakanin dangi, haifuwar farko ta kasance da ɗan lokaci.
Makiya na halitta
Abokan gaba na marmoset na zaki sune dabbobin daji, macizai da kuliyoyin daji kamar damisa ko cheetah. tsuntsayen ganima sune mafi hadari. Idan birai na iya tserewa daga hawan kuliyoyi, kasancewa masu sauri da lalata, tare da zaɓar wuraren tsaro don barci, to gudu ba zai cece ku ba daga gaggafa da falcons, kuma yawancin marmets za su zama abincinsu.
Koyaya, maƙiyan ƙasa ba su da mummunan lahani ga marmosets na zaki - babban lahani ga dabbobi yana faruwa ne ta hanyar lalata mazauninsu. Don haka, bayan sare dazuzzuka a Selva, ƙaramin yanki ne kawai na dajin da ba a taɓa shi ba. Bugu da kari, mafarauta na farautar fararen zaki, wadanda ke kamasu ba bisa ka’ida ba suna siyarwa a kasuwar bayan fage, saboda wadannan kananan birai sun shahara sosai kamar dabbobi.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Babban haɗari yana fuskantar barazanar marmoset mai baƙin fata - ba wanda ya wuce mutane 400 na wannan nau'in da ke cikin yanayi. Unionungiyar forasashen Duniya don Kula da Yanayi ta ba ta matsayin Hatsari mai Hatsari.
Mahimmanci! Dukkanin nau'ikan marmosets na 4 suna fuskantar barazanar ƙarewa kuma an lasafta su a cikin Littafin Ja.
WWF ta kafa wata cibiyar kiwon kiwo ta marmosets ta kusa da Rio de Janeiro.
