Masu cin raga - wannan sunan masharran siliki ne da masunta ke kamun kifi a gabashin Tekun Fasifik. Mafarauta suna farautar Tuna da ƙarfi don haka suna iya huda kifin masunta.
Bayani na shark shark
Jinsunan, wanda aka fi sani da Florida, siliki mai kaifin baki da shark, an gabatar da shi ga duniya ne daga masana kimiyyar halittu na Jamus Jacob Henle da Johann Müller a cikin 1839. Sun ba wa jinsunan sunan Latin na Carcharias falciformis, inda falciformis ke nufin sikila, suna tuna yadda aka daidaita ƙeho da ƙoshin baya.
Kalmar "siliki" kalma ta samu ne saboda santsi mai santsi (a bayan bangon sauran kifin kifin kifin), wanda aka samar dashi saman da ƙananan sikeli. Suna da ƙanƙan da alama kamar ba su ba kwata-kwata, musamman idan aka kalli wani kifin shark yana iyo a rana, lokacin da jikinsa ya yi fari da tabarau masu launin toka-toka.
Bayyanar, girma
Shark shark yana da siririyar madaidaiciyar sikeli tare da hancinsa mai zagaye, wanda yake da sannu a hankali fata a gabansa... Zagaye, matsakaitan idanu suna sanye da membran ido. Matsakaicin tsaran siliki na siliki an iyakance shi zuwa m 2.5, kuma samfuran da ba a cika samun su ba ya kai mita 3.5 kuma ya kai kimanin tan 0.35. Ana gajerun raƙuman raƙuman ruwa mara zurfi a cikin kusurwar bakin mai kama da sikila. Manyan hakoran hammata na sama na sama suna da siffa mai kusurwa uku da tsari na musamman: a tsakiyar muƙamuƙin, suna girma kai tsaye, amma sun jingina zuwa ga kusurwa. Hakoran ƙananan muƙamuƙi suna da santsi, kunkuntar kuma madaidaiciya.
Shark shark yana da raƙuman ruwa guda 5 na tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin tsaka mai wuya tare da ƙaramin ƙaramin ruwa. Ofarshen lobe na sama yana ƙasa kaɗan ƙarshen ƙarshen ƙarewar farko. Dukkanin fika-filan sickle shark (ban da na farkon dorsal) suna da ɗan duhu a ƙarshen, wanda ya fi zama sananne a cikin ƙananan dabbobi. Fatar fatar an rufe ta da nauyi da sikeli, kowane ɗayansu yana maimaita siffar rhombus kuma an ba shi tudu da haƙori a ƙarshen.
Galibi ana zana baya a cikin launuka masu launin toka mai duhu ko launin ruwan kasa mai zinare, ciki fari ne, ana iya ganin ratsi mai haske a ɓangarorin. Bayan mutuwar kifin kifin kifin kifi, jikinsa da sauri ya rasa azurfa mai wahala kuma ya yi fari-fari.
Hali da salon rayuwa
'Yan silk sharks suna son buɗe teku... Suna da himma, son sani kuma masu son tashin hankali, kodayake ba za su iya tsayayya da gasa tare da wani mai farauta da ke zaune kusa da su - mai karfin tsuntsu mai saurin tafiya. Sharks sharks galibi suna tururuwa zuwa garken tumaki, waɗanda aka kafa ko dai ta girma ko jinsi (kamar yadda yake a Tekun Pasifik). Lokaci zuwa lokaci, kifayen kifaye sukan shirya rarrabuwar kawuna, buɗe bakunansu, suna juyawa juna gefe da juna kuma suna fitar da hanjinsu.
Mahimmanci! Lokacin da abu mai kayatarwa ya bayyana, sharki mai sikila ba zai nuna sha'awar sa a zahiri ba, amma zai fara zagaye kewaye da shi, wani lokaci yana juya kansa. Hakanan 'yan siliki ma suna son yin sintiri a kusa da buoys na ruwa da rajistan ayyukan.
Masanan Ichthyologists sun lura da wani abin al'ajabi a bayan masun kifin (wanda har yanzu basu iya bayyana shi ba) - lokaci zuwa lokaci suna yin sauri daga zurfin zuwa farfajiyar, kuma idan suka cimma burinsu, sai su juya su ruga cikin kishiyar shugabanci. Sharyanyan kifin siliki da yardar rai suna yin haɗin gwiwa tare da guduma ta tagulla, suna mamaye makarantunsu, wani lokacin kuma suna shirya tsere don dabbobi masu shayarwa. Misali sananne ne, cewa da zarar 1 shark mai farin finks, 25 sikila mai sikila da 25 shark masu launin duhu masu duhu sun bi babbar makaranta ta dolphins na kwalba a cikin Bahar Maliya.
Girman kifin siliki da haƙoransa masu kaifi (tare da ƙarfi na Newton 890) suna wakiltar babban haɗari ga mutane, kuma an rubuta hare-hare a kan masu ruwa a hukumance. Gaskiya ne, ba a sami irin wannan yanayin da yawa ba, wanda baƙon bayani game da ziyarar kifayen sharks zuwa zurfin zurfin. Kifi da matuka jirgi suna zaune tare cikin lumana da silk shark. Na farko suna son yin sama-sama tare da raƙuman ruwa da shark ya ƙirƙira, yayin da na biyun suka ɗauki ragowar abincinsa, kuma suna shafawa a kan fatar shark ɗin, suna kawar da ƙwayoyin cuta.
Har yaushe siliki siliki yake rayuwa?
Masana ilimin kimiyyar lissafi sun gano cewa tsarin rayuwar silk shark da ke rayuwa a cikin yanayi mai zafi da yanayi sun ɗan bambanta. Sharks da ke rayuwa a cikin ruwan dumi suna girma da sauri kuma suna balaga. Duk da haka, matsakaiciyar rayuwar jinsin (ba tare da la’akari da wurin da dabbobin suke ba) shekaru 22-23 ne.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Ana samun kifin siliki duk inda ruwan dumamar Tekun Duniya ya dumama sama da + 23 ° C. La'akari da kebantattun tsarin rayuwa, masana ilimin kimiyyar lissafi sun banbanta mutane 4 daban-daban na sharks masu sikila wadanda ke rayuwa a cikin tekun da yawa na teku, kamar:
- bangaren arewa maso yammacin Tekun Atlantika;
- gabashin Pacific;
- Tekun Indiya (daga Mozambique zuwa Yammacin Ostiraliya);
- tsakiya da yammacin sassan Tekun Fasifik.
Silk shark ya fi son zama a cikin teku, kuma ana ganinsa a kusa da saman da kuma cikin zurfin zurfin har zuwa 200-500 m (wani lokacin kuma). Masana da suka lura da kifayen kifi a arewacin Tekun Meziko da kuma gabashin Tekun Fasifik sun gano cewa zakin lokacin (kashi 99%) na masu farautar sun yi iyo a zurfin 50 m.
Mahimmanci! Sharks masu sikila yawanci suna rayuwa a kusa da tsibirin / keɓaɓɓiyar ƙasa ko kan zurfin murjani. A wasu lokuta, kifayen kifayen suna fuskantar barazanar shiga ruwan gabar teku, wanda zurfinsa ya kai akalla 18 m.
Sharky sharks suna da sauri kuma suna tafiya: idan ya cancanta, zasu taru a cikin manyan garken tumaki (har zuwa mutane 1,000) kuma suna rufe babban tazara (har zuwa kilomita 1,340). Ba a yi nazarin ƙaura na sharks masu sikila ba tukuna, amma an sani, alal misali, cewa wasu kifayen kifayen suna iyo kusan kilomita 60 kowace rana.
Abincin siliki na shark
Yankunan da ke cikin teku ba su cika da kifi ba har wani shark shark ya same shi ba tare da wani ƙoƙari ba... Sauri mai kyau (wanda aka ninka shi da jimrewa), ji da ji da ƙamshi yana taimaka mata neman makarantun kifi masu yawa.
Kifin kifin kifin na rarrabewa tsakanin sautunan ruwa da yawa, sigina masu saurin kaɗawa, galibi tsuntsaye na dabba ko dabbobin da suka sami ganima. Hakanan jin ƙamshi yana taka muhimmiyar rawa, ba tare da hakan ba da wuya silk shark zai sami hanyar shi a cikin kaurin ruwan teku: mai farauta yana sarrafa ƙanshin kifin da ke nesa da ɗari-ɗari daga gare shi.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Babban nishaɗin gastronomic wannan nau'ikan ƙwarewar kifin na shark daga tuna. Kari akan haka, kifayen kasusuwa da kifaye daban daban sun hau teburin sikila mai sikila. Don saurin gamsar da yunwarsu, masun kifin suna shigar da kifin cikin makarantu masu fasalin ƙwallo, suna wucewa ta cikinsu da bakinsu a buɗe.
Abincin siliki (banda tuna) ya hada da:
- sardines da mackerel doki;
- mullet da mackerel;
- masu tsalle-tsalle da tukunyar ruwa;
- haske anchovies da katran;
- mackerel da eel;
- kifin bushiya da kifi mai jawowa;
- squids, kadoji da argonauts (dorinar ruwa).
Yawancin kifayen kifayen abinci suna ciyarwa a wuri guda lokaci ɗaya, amma kowannensu ya kai hari, ba mai da hankali ga dangi ba. Dabbar dolfin hanci-kwalba ana daukarta a matsayin mai gasa abinci na sikila mai sikila. Hakanan, masana ilimin kimiyyar halittar kimiyyar halittu sun gano cewa wannan nau'in kifin na shark ba ya shakkar cin mushe.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Kamar dukkanin wakilan jinsunan sharks masu launin toka, suma sikila ya zama na rayuwa. Masanan Ichthyologists suna tunanin cewa yana haifar da kusan shekara-shekara kusan ko'ina, ban da Tekun Mexico, inda haihuwa / haihuwa ke faruwa a ƙarshen bazara ko rani (galibi Mayu zuwa Agusta).
Mata masu ɗauke da jarirai tsawon watanni 12 suna haihuwa kowace shekara ko kuma kowace shekara. Matan da suka balaga da jima’i suna da kwaya daya mai aiki (dama) da mahaifa mai aiki guda 2, an raba su cikin tsaka-tsakin zuwa kowane mahaifa.
Mahimmanci! Madon da tayi zai sami abinci mai gina jiki shine jakar kwai mara komai. Ya banbanta da mahaifa na sauran kifaye masu rai da sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa ta yadda kwayoyin halittar amfrayo da mahaifiyarsa basa taba juna.
Bugu da kari, jajayen jinin jini na uwaye sun fi na “jarirai” girma. Ta haihuwa, mata suna shiga cikin ƙarshen gefen tekun nahiya, inda babu manyan kifaye masu ƙyama da yawancin abinci masu dacewa. Shark shark ya kawo daga 1 zuwa 16 sharks (mafi sau da yawa - daga 6 zuwa 12), yana girma da 0.25-0.30 m a cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa. Bayan fewan watanni, yaran sun tafi zurfin teku, nesa da wurin haihuwa.
Ana lura da yawan ci gaba mafi girma a cikin kifin kifin a arewacin Tekun Mexico, kuma mafi ƙanƙanta cikin mutanen da ke huɗa ruwa a gefen tekun arewa maso gabashin Taiwan. Masana ilimin kimiyyar halittu sun kuma tabbatar da cewa rayuwar mazaunin silk shark ba kawai mazaunin gida ake tantance ta ba, har ma da bambancin jinsi: maza suna saurin yawa fiye da mata. Maza suna da ikon hayayyafa zuriya tun suna masu shekaru 6-10, yayin da mata ba su wuce shekarun 7-12 ba.
Makiya na halitta
Ba a saurin kama 'yan siliki a cikin haƙoran manyan kifayen kifayen kifayen kifayen kifi... Ana tsammanin irin wannan juyawar, samari na jinsin jinsin sun hada kan kungiyoyi da yawa don kare kansu daga yiwuwar makiya.
Hakanan zai zama mai ban sha'awa:
- Tiger shark
- Shark
- Bakin shark
- Whale shark
Idan karowa ba za a iya gujewa ba, shark ya nuna a shirye yake don yin yaƙi ta hanyar ɗaga bayanta, ɗaga kansa da kuma rage ƙwanƙolin ƙafafunsa / wutsiya. Sannan mai farauta ya fara motsi ba zato ba tsammani a cikin da'ira, ba tare da mantawa da juyawa gefe zuwa haɗarin da zai iya faruwa ba.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
A halin yanzu, akwai shaidu da yawa cewa silk shark a cikin teku suna zama ƙasa da ƙasa. An bayyana raguwar ta wasu abubuwa biyu - sikelin kayan kasuwanci da iyakantaccen karfin haihuwa na jinsin, wanda bashi da lokacin dawo da lambobinsa. Tare da wannan, wani ɓangare mai yawa na kifayen kifayen (azaman abin kamawa) sun mutu a cikin raga-raga da aka jefa akan tuna, abincin da aka fi so da kifin shark.
Su kansu masharran siliki ana farautar su ne musamman don fincinsu, suna danganta fata, nama, kitse, da muƙamuƙan kifin kifin don abubuwan da aka samar. A cikin ƙasashe da yawa, ana ɗauke da sikila ta zama muhimmin abin kasuwanci da kamun kifi na shakatawa. A cewar Hukumar Abinci da Aikin Noma ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, a shekarar 2000 yawan adadin silk shark da ake samarwa a shekara ya kai tan dubu 11.7, kuma a shekarar 2004 - tan dubu 4.36 ne kawai. Ana iya ganin wannan yanayin mara kyau a cikin rahotanni na yanki kuma.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Don haka, hukumomin Sri Lanka suka sanar da cewa a 1994 kamun kifin silk ya kai tan dubu 25.4, ya ragu zuwa tan dubu 1.96 a 2006 (wanda ya haifar da durkushewar kasuwar yankin).
Gaskiya ne, ba duk masana kimiyya ba ne suka yi la’akari da hanyoyin da aka yi amfani da su don tantance yanayin yawan mutanen da ke zaune a arewa maso yammacin Tekun Atlantika da Tekun Mexico don zama daidai.... Kuma kamfanonin kamun kifi na Japan da ke aiki a cikin Tekun Pasifik / Tekun Indiya ba su lura da wani ragi na samarwa ba a tsakanin tsakanin shekarun 70 zuwa 90 na karnin da ya gabata.
Duk da haka, a cikin 2007 (godiya ga kokarin Unionungiyar Internationalungiyar Internationalasa ta Duniya don Kula da Yanayi), an ba da kifin siliki sabon matsayi wanda ke aiki a duk faɗin duniya - "kusa da wani yanayi mai rauni." A matakin yanki, mafi daidaito, a gabas / kudu maso gabashin Tekun Pacific da kuma yamma / arewa maso yamma na Tsakiyar Tekun Atlantika, jinsunan suna da “halin rauni”.
Masu kiyaye muhalli suna fatan haramcin yanke-yanke a Australia, Amurka da Tarayyar Turai zai taimaka wajen kiyaye yawan cutar sikila. Kungiyoyi biyu masu mahimmanci sun kirkiro matakan su don inganta sa ido kan kamun kifi don rage kamun kifin na siliki:
- -Ungiyar Americanasashen Amurka don Kula da Tuna Tropical Tropical;
- Hukumar Kasa da Kasa don Kula da Tuna na Atlantic.
Koyaya, masana sun yarda cewa babu wata hanya mai sauƙi ta rage-kama har yanzu. Wannan shi ne saboda yawan ƙaurawar jinsin da ke tattare da motsin tuna.
