Aardvark (lat. Orycterorus afer) dabba ce mai shayarwa wanda a yanzu shine kawai wakilin zamani na umarnin Aardvark (Tubulidentata). Baƙon abu a cikin bayyanar, ana kiran dabbobi masu shayarwa da Afirka ko Cape aardvark.
Bayani na aardvark
Da farko, alamun da aka bayyana tare da fitattun sifofi an danganta su ga gidan Anteater... Koyaya, yayin gudanar da bincike, ya yiwu a iya bayyana a sarari cewa kamanceceniya da masu cin abincin an yi su sama-sama ne, wanda aka samar da shi sakamakon juyin halitta.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Akwai ƙananan ragi goma sha shida na aardvark, wanda yawancin lambobi ke wakilta ta samfuran samari guda ɗaya.
Zuwa yau, asalin wakilan aardvark Order ba shi da cikakke fahimta, kuma mafi burbushin burbushin halittu an samo su a Kenya kuma sun dawo zuwa farkon zamanin Miocene.
Bayyanar
Aardvarks masu ban mamaki ne, matsakaita masu shayarwa wadanda suka yi kama da alade a zahiri, wadanda suke da hancinsu dogo, kunun kanzon kurege da wutsiyar tsoka mai karfi, kwatankwacin jelar kangaroo. Aardvark ya samo sunan ne daga wani tsari na musamman na molars, wanda ke wakilta ta hanyar ƙara yawan tubalin dentin ba tare da tushe da enamel ba. Ana rarrabe sabon aardvark ta gaban canines da incisors, amma manya suna da haƙoran haƙori biyu kawai da kuma zobba uku a kowane rabin jaws. Adadin hakora duka dozin ne. Harshen yana da tsayi, tare da mannewa mai lura.
Olanshin ɓangaren ƙamshin kansa yana tattare da ƙaruwa mai ƙarfi, saboda shi ma'anar ƙamshi shine ɗayan mahimmancin ƙarfin haɓakar dabba. A cikin hancin kayan gwal, akwai nau'ikan labyrinth, wanda dozin kasusuwa dozin ke wakilta, rashin halaye na sauran nau'in dabbobi masu shayarwa.
Matsakaicin tsawon jikin balagaggen mutum mita daya da rabi ne, kuma wutsiyar ta kusan rabin mita. Tsayin dabba a kafaɗu, a ƙa’ida, bai wuce cm 65. Nauyin aardvark ya bambanta tsakanin kilo 65, amma kuma akwai manyan mutane. A wannan yanayin, mace a koyaushe tana ɗan ƙanƙan da na namiji.
Jikin aardvark an lullube shi da fata mai kauri tare da rashi da kuma kariyar gashi mai launin rawaya-launin ruwan kasa. A fuska da jela, gashin sun yi fari ko launin ruwan hoda, kuma a kan iyakar gashin, a matsayinka na mai mulki, sun fi duhu. Ana jan hankali musamman ga bakin, wanda aka fadada cikin wani dogon bututu, tare da "facin" cartilaginous da hancin hancin, da kuma tubular da kuma dogon kunnuwa.
Theafafu na aardvark suna da ƙarfi kuma suna da ci gaba sosai, an daidaita su don tonowa da lalata tudun ƙwanƙolin lokaci... Yatsun ya ƙare da ƙafafu kamar ƙafafu masu ƙarfi da kofato. Mata suna da halin kasancewar nonuwa biyu da mahaifa biyu (Uterus duplex).
Hali da salon rayuwa
Dabba mai shayarwa yana jagorantar salon ɓoye sirrin rayuwa da yawanci, saboda haka irin wannan dabbar ta fi son zama a cikin kabarinta. Don samun abinci, aardvark yana barin mafaka ne da daddare, amma a haɗarin farko sai ya dawo gare shi nan da nan ko yayi ƙoƙarin binne kansa a cikin ƙasa.
Dabba mai jinkiri kuma mai kaifin hankali ya fi son amfani da kafafuwa masu karfi da wutsiya mai ƙarfi don kariya. Ofayan mahimman fa'idodin wannan dabba mai ban sha'awa shine ikon yin iyo da kyau.
Mahimmanci! Aardvarks sune, bisa dukkan alamu, dabbobin yanki, kuma daidaitaccen yanki na yankin neman irin wannan dabba mai shayarwa zai iya mamaye kilomita murabba'in 2.0-4.7.
Matsakaiciyar aardvark burrow hanya ce ta tsawon mita biyu, kuma ramin gurbi yana da zurfi kuma ya fi tsayi, yana da hanyoyi da yawa kuma ya ƙare a cikin sarari madaidaiciya ba tare da shimfiɗa ba. Wasu lokuta alamun alamun suna iya mamaye tsoffin tsaffin duwatsu marasa amfani, kuma, idan ya cancanta, samar da burukan ɗan lokaci don hutun rana. Sau da yawa ana amfani da burkin aardvark a matsayin gida ga dabbobi da yawa, gami da jackal da kuraye, cape hyrax da porcupine, mongoose, dabbobi masu rarrafe da tsuntsaye, da jemage.
Har yaushe ne aardvarks rayuwa?
Duk da sirrin, yana yiwuwa a tabbatar da cewa tsawon rayuwar aardvark a cikin yanayi da wuya ya wuce shekaru goma sha takwas, kuma idan an tsare shi da kyau, mai shayarwa na iya rayuwa na kwata na karni.
Wurin zama, mazauni
A cikin daji, wakilan aji masu shayarwa da dangin Aardvark suna zaune ne a Afirka, inda kusan suke kusan kudu da hamadar Sahara, ban da gandun dajin da ba za a iya shiga ba a Afirka ta Tsakiya.
Aardvarks suna rayuwa a wurare daban-daban na shimfidar wurare, amma kauce wa yankunan dazuzzuka masu yawa a cikin Ikuatoria Afrika da filayen marshlands. Irin wannan dabbar ba ta dace da rayuwa kwata-kwata a yankunan da ke da ƙasa mai duwatsu ba, bai dace da tona ramuka ba. A cikin yankunan tsaunuka, ba a samo dabba mai shayarwa sama da alamar mita dubu biyu ba. An fi son faren taurari zuwa savannas.
Abincin Aardvark
Aardvark yana zuwa neman abinci ne bayan faɗuwar rana... Abincin da aka saba amfani dashi na wakilin wakilin zamani kawai wanda ke cikin umarnin aardvark yana wakiltar galibi ta tururuwa da tarko. Wani lokacin abincin dabbobi masu shayarwa na iya haɗawa da tsutsa iri daban-daban na ƙwaro, fara da sauran Orthoptera, kuma a wasu lokutan irin wannan dabbar da ba a saba da ita ba tana ciyar da naman kaza, bukukuwa a kan 'ya'yan itace da albarkatun berry.
Matsakaicin abincin yau da kullun na babban mutum a cikin daji na iya haɗawa da kwari kusan dubu hamsin. Harshen babban balagaggu yana da kamanceceniya da irin wannan kwayar halittar maharbin - yana da tsayi kuma yana iya fita daga bakin da rubu'in mita. Shafin harshe na musamman tare da miyau mai ɗaci da matsanancin motsi yana sauƙaƙa sauƙin aiwatar da abinci akan kowane nau'i, har ma da ƙananan ƙwayoyin.
Mahimmanci! Lokacin da aka tsare su a bautar, abincin aardvark ya haɗa da nama, ƙwai, madara da hatsi, an haɗa su da sinadarin bitamin na musamman da na ma'adinai.
Aardvarks a halin yanzu shine dabba mai shayarwa wacce ke taka rawa sosai wajen yaduwar kayan shuka na cucumbers na dangin Kabewa. 'Ya'yan itacen cikakke cikakke ana saukake su daga matakan zurfin zurfin ƙasa ta aardvark. A bayyane yake, daidai wannan damar ne dabbar ta bashi sunan ta, wanda ke fassara zuwa "alade na ƙasa".
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Lokacin saduwa na dabbobi masu shayarwa ya faɗi akan wani lokaci daban, wanda kai tsaye ya dogara da halayen yanayi da yanayin canjin yanayi a mazaunin irin waɗannan wakilai na jinsunan Aardvark. Wasu balagaggun “aladu na ƙasa” suna shirya wasannin maɓuɓɓuka a cikin bazara, yayin da wasu - keɓaɓɓe tare da farkon kaka. Dangane da yawan binciken masana kimiyya, duk alamun alamun basu kasance cikin jinsin halittu masu shayarwa ba.
Ciki da ke faruwa ta hanyar saduwa da mace baliga ta jima’i da na miji yawanci yakan ɗan ɗauki ƙasa da watanni bakwai. Mace mai aardvark, ba tare da la'akari da shekaru ba, da kuma halayen ƙananan ƙananan, tana haihuwar ɗiya ɗaya kawai, amma a cikin halaye na musamman, ana iya haihuwar yara biyu.
Tsawon alamun sabon haihuwa yawanci baya wuce 53-55 cm, kuma nauyin irin wannan jaririn kusan kilogram biyu ne. Da farko, ana ciyar da 'ya'yan da nonon uwa. Mafi sau da yawa, wannan hanyar cin abinci tana kasancewa mai dacewa har zuwa watanni wata huɗu.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Aananan alamun gargajiyar sun fara barin raunin iyayensu ne kawai bayan sun kai makonni biyu da haihuwa.
Farawa daga wannan lokacin, mace tana fara koya wa zuriyarta dokokin nemo abinci, da kuma hanyoyin asali na rayuwa a cikin daji. Ko da a tsarin ciyarwar halitta tare da madarar uwa, dole dabbobi da tururuwa su ciyar da ƙananan dabbobi.
Da zaran jariran aardvark sun cika watanni shida, dabbobin da suka girma sun fara koya sannu a hankali su haƙa ramin da ake kira "horarwa", amma a wannan lokacin suna ci gaba da rayuwa tare da mace a cikin "ramin iyaye". Sai kawai a shekara ɗaya, samari zasu zama kamannin kamanni da manya, amma irin waɗannan dabbobin zasu kai ga balagar jima'i kusa da shekaru biyu na rayuwa.
Makiya na halitta
Aardvarks, saboda kwarjininsu da jinkirinsu, na iya zama wadataccen ganima ga irin waɗannan maƙiyan da ke farautar su kamar zakuna, cheetahs, pythons da karnukan hyena. Thearamar rudu ko tuhuma na haɗari yana sa dabba ta ɓuya a cikin rami ko binne kanta... Idan ya cancanta, aardvarks na iya kare kansu da ƙafafunsu na gaba masu ƙarfi ko wutsiyar tsoka. Babban abokan gaba na aardvark sun hada da mutane da kurayen kuraye, kuma matasa na iya zama ganima ga wasan.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Mafi yawan lokuta, abubuwan da ake gani a kullun suna ta nishi ba daɗi ko yin taushi a hankali, amma a yanayin tsoro mai ƙarfi, dabba mai shayarwa tana fitar da halayya ta musamman da kuka mai ban mamaki.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Ana farautar kayan alamomin naman da yake da ɗanɗano kamar naman alade da kuma na fata masu wuya. An dauka cewa harbi ba tare da izini ba da tarko irin wadannan dabbobi yana haifar da raguwar hankali a hankali a jimillar adadin, kuma a wasu yankuna na noma irin wannan mai shayarwar an kusan kashe ta gaba daya. A halin yanzu, alamun alamun alamun suna cikin Shafi II zuwa CITES.
