Jigon tsuntsu ne da mutane da yawa suka ji labarin sa. Kamani na waje da kaza na kowa da tushen tushen sunan, duk da haka, alamu ne na yaudara. Wannan tsuntsu na dangi ne masu dadi, kuma yana amfani da launi mara kyau, kamar na kaji, kawai don sake kamanni. Akwai sauran fasalulluka na wannan tsuntsu mai ban mamaki, wanda zamu tattauna shi a cikin wannan labarin.
Bayanin kankara
Partridges na dangi ne masu farin jini, jakar gida da kuma kananan gidajan gida, gami da zuriya sama da 22, kowannensu yana da daga karamar zuwa daya zuwa 46. Koyaya, duk da bambancin jinsin, duk tsuntsaye suna haɗuwa da salon rayuwa, launi mara misaltuwa, ƙarami kaɗan da juriya mai ban mamaki a cikin mawuyacin yanayi.
Bayyanar
Bayyanar kusan dukkanin jaka iri ɗaya ne: ƙaramin tsuntsu ne... Tsayinsu ya kai 35 cm, amma da wuya ya fi haka. Nauyin shine rabin kilogram. Ban da babban nauyin da ya kai gram 1800. Lilin na sama yawanci launin toka-launin ruwan kasa ne. Zai yiwu a sami samfurin baƙi masu maimaitawa a yankin. Wasu nau'ikan suna da motsawa akan ƙafafunsu, yayin da wasu basu dashi. Tsarin jima'i yana da rauni, amma mata suna da launi.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Partridges suna jagorantar salon rayuwar ƙasa, suna ciyar da abinci na shuke-shuke. Sun fi son yin gida a ƙasa, kamar yawancin masu shan iska. Suna ɓoye gidajensu cikin dazuzzuka da yawa na ganyaye da daji.
Babban shaharar da ke tsakanin naman kashin da ke tsakanin masu farauta ya sa wannan tsuntsu ya zama mai hankali. Dawakai suna motsawa, suna dube-dube, suna sauraro kuma suna kallon sosai: shin akwai haɗari a kusa. Kamar yadda yake tare da yawancin pheasants, tashi sama ba shine mafi ƙarfin mahimmin jaka ba. Amma gudu akasin haka yana da kyau sosai.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Wadannan tsuntsayen sunada mata daya yayin zabar wacce zasu aura. Kowane lokaci a lokacin saduwarsu suna samun matansu da gida. Banda shine ƙananan ƙasashen Madagascar
A mafi yawan rayuwarsu, jaka ba ta kokarin jan hankali. Suna motsawa cikin nutsuwa, cikin nutsuwa. A lokacin hunturu, suna tara mahimman kitsen mai, wanda ke basu damar barin matsugunansu kawai cikin lamuran gaggawa. Suna jagorancin rayuwar yau da kullun. Neman abinci yana ɗaukar ɗan gajeren lokaci, bai fi awanni uku ba a rana.
Yaya yawancin gadojin ke rayuwa
A cikin fursuna, saboda yawan hallaka dabbobi da masu farauta, yankuna da wuya su rayu har zuwa shekaru huɗu.
Nau'in gwarare
Yawancin juzu'ai na dangi ne masu farin jini, dangin jakar gida (Perdicinae), gami da tsarabar 22. Amma jinsi na ptarmigan na dangin dangi ne na bakaken fata (Tetraoninae), jinsin Lagopus, wanda ya hada da jinsunan: ptarmigan, farin-wutsiyoyi da tundra.
Bari da farko muyi la'akari da dangin jakar Perdicinae kuma mu lura da mashahuran wakilanta:
- Kekliki (Mai tattarawa). In ba haka ba ana kiran su dutsen dutse. Waɗannan su ne dangin dangi mafi kusa na ɓangarorin hamada. Akwai nau'ikan 7: Asiya, Bature, dakan Przewalski, Jan kunkuru, Bakan-duwa-kai, Arabi, Barbary dutse. Don ɓangaren dutse na hali, ƙimar jiki mafi girma idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'in. Nauyi ya kai gram 800. Mazauna daga Caucasus zuwa Altai. An rarraba a Asiya ta Tsakiya. Sun fi son zama a cikin kwazazzabai, kusa da tashoshin ruwa. Launi ya ci gaba cikin launin toka, sautin ash. Misali na musamman na yau da kullun yana cikin yankin ido. A gefen waɗannan ɓangarorin akwai ratsi masu ratsa duhu. Ciki yawanci jan launi ne. Yana ciyar da 'ya'yan itace, hatsi da kuma buds, amma tare da duk abin da zai iya samo tushe daga ƙasa. Hakanan yana jin daɗin abincin asalin dabbobi: geese, beetles, larvae.
- Hankalin jejin (Ammoperdix) Jinsunan suna rayuwa ne daga tsaunukan Armeniya zuwa Indiya da daga Tekun Fasha zuwa Asiya ta Tsakiya. Ya fi son tuddai tare da ɗan ciyayi da yalwar bishiyoyi don zama. Launi launin toka ne mai yashi, tare da ɗan ƙaramin ruwan hoda. A gefunan akwai launuka masu haske, launuka masu launin ruwan kasa-kasa-kasa. A kan kan maza akwai ratsi mai baƙar fata, kamar bandeji. Sun fi son gina gidaje a wurare masu wahalar isa - kan gangare, kan dutse, ƙarƙashin duwatsu. Manyan tsuntsayen suna da nauyin gram 200-300. Waɗannan mutane ne masu auren mace daya, amma namiji yana da matsakaiciyar rawa wajen haɓaka zuriyar, kodayake yana kusa da kamawa a duk tsawon lokacin shiryawar. Mata yawanci suna yin ƙwai 8 zuwa 12.
- Sabuwar Guinar Kuturun Guinea (Anurophasis)
- Ridgeunƙarar shrub (Arborophila) sun hada da nau'ikan 18. Rarraba a cikin Kudancin Asiya na wurare masu zafi da subtropics. A cikin tsaunukan kudancin China, kuma an same su a Tibet. Suna iya rayuwa har zuwa mita 2700 sama da matakin teku. Suna zaune ne a cikin rukunin dangi na mutane kusan goma ko kuma nau'i biyu. Matar aure guda daya. Bayan jima'i, an saka ƙwai 4-5. Masonry ana yin sa a cikin ƙasa, ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi ko a cikin tushen itace. Ba kamar sauran nau'in ba, ba sa gina gida. Launi ya mamaye launuka masu launin ruwan kasa, akwai ƙananan ƙananan launuka. Maza suna da irin waɗannan aibobi, wannan halayen shine babban bambancin jinsi.
- Bamboo bangare (Bambusicola) suna zaune a arewa maso gabashin Indiya, da kuma lardunan Yunnan da Sichuan. An rarraba a Thailand, Laos, Vietnam.
- Celunƙarar cinya (Caloperdix)
- Kwarton (Coturnix) 8 wadanda suka kasance da nau'ikan dadaddun halittu guda biyu.
- Turachi (Francolinus) Nau'in 46. Mafi yawan jinsi.
- Spur partridge (Galloperdix). Jinsin ya hada da nau'ikan guda 3: Srilankan mai ƙwanƙwasa, fentin da jan jaka. Mafi shahararren shine goge-goge mai lanƙwasa na Sri Lankan, wanda ke jagorantar salon rayuwa mai rufin asiri. Daga cikin fasali na waje: babin bangaren ruwan layin mata yana da launin ruwan kasa. Maza sun fi bambanta a launi: akwai facin jan fata ba tare da fuka-fukai ba. A kan kai akwai samfurin zane mai launin fari da fari. Farin tabo a fuka-fuki. Akwai dogon spurs biyu a kan kafafu.
- Jan-kan-kunduwa (Haematortyx). Wakili mai ban sha'awa, yana zaune a cikin gandun daji masu zafi da zafi na Indonesia da Malaysia.
- Jigin dusar kankara (Lerwa) wakilin wakilin jinsi. Suna zaune daga Himalayas zuwa Tibet. Suna zaune a kan gangaren shekara har zuwa mita 5500 sama da matakin teku. Wani fasali mai rarrabewa shine zuga akan kafafun na maza. Striaramar baki da fari a kai da wuya. Bakin baka da kafafu masu murjani mai haske.
- Madagascar (Margaroperdix). Jinsi ne na asali, ma'ana, yana rayuwa ne kawai a cikin Madagascar. Ya fi son ciyawar dazuzzuka da ciyawa mai tsayi, da filayen da aka watsar waɗanda ciyawa ta cika su. Babban nau'in. Hawan ya kai cm 30. Auren mata fiye da daya. Jima'i ya bayyana a fili. Maza suna da haske, suna jan hankali da launi. Bayan jima'i, mata suna yin ƙwai da yawa - har zuwa ashirin. Wannan ba batun sauran jakar ruwa bane.
- Black jaka (Melanoperdix) ana samunsa a yankunan Malaysia, Borneo, kudu maso gabashin Asiya. An sanya shi a cikin Littafin Bayanai na Red a matsayin nau'in haɗari.
- Bangaran Himalayan (Ophrysia) wakilin daya tilo, a dab da karewa.
- Kwarton daji (Tsakar gida).
- Dutse dutsen kunkuru (Ptilopachus). Wakilin jinsin kawai. An samo shi ne kawai a cikin Afirka. Yana fasalta jajayen yatsun hannu ba tare da motsawa ba da jela mai kama da kaza.
- Dogon kudin boksin (Rhizothera)
- Jaka (Perdix) Nau'ikan 3: bakar gora, Tibet, gemu.
- Kammalallen gado (Rollulus rouloul) shine nau'in jinsin halittu. Yana zaune galibi a cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi. Babban mutum ya kai tsawon santimita 25 a tsayi. Ya bambanta da sauran wakilan jakar a cikin launinsa mai haske da baƙon abu. Jikin tsuntsun kusan baƙar fata ne, tare da ɗan shuɗi kaɗan a cikin maza kuma kore a mata.
A kan kai akwai ɗan haske mai haske ja, da ɗan kama da burushi. Abincin wannan tsuntsayen ba wai ya kunshi 'ya'yan itace ne kawai ba. Wannan nau'in ba ya son cin abinci tare da kwari, mollusks. Hanyar gidansu na da ban sha'awa da ban mamaki: ba sa haifar da kajin, amma suna kawo su a matsayin manya a cikin "gidan" da aka gina tare da ƙofar da rufi, suna rufe ƙofar da rassa - Ulary (Tetraogallus) Wakilai 5.
- Kundyki (Tetraophasis)
Abu na gaba, yi la’akari da dangin gidan baƙar fata (Tetraoninae), halittar Jakar White, nau’ikan: farin gora, fari da wutsiya da tundra.
- Farar kunkuru (Lagopus lagopus) yana zaune a arewacin Eurasia da Amurka. Hakanan yana zaune a cikin Greenland da Tsibirin Birtaniyya. An gabatar a Kamchatka da Sakhalin. Launi a cikin hunturu fari ne tare da halayyar baƙar fata mai halayyar, kuma a lokacin rani ya zama launin ruwan kasa-ocher. Yana da faffadan fuka-fukai masu fuka-fukai, wanda ke ba shi damar shawo kan murfin dusar ƙanƙara. Kamar yadda Alfred Brehm ya lura a cikin littafinsa mai suna Animal Lives, sashin gado na iya yin burrow cikin dusar kankara don neman abinci. A cikin hunturu, suna ciyar da kan buds, bushe da daskararre berries. Abincin rani ya ƙunshi ganye, furanni, harbe, kwari.
- Tundra tanda (Lagopus mutus) yana zaune a arewacin latitude. A waje, yayi kamanceceniya da ptarmigan. Ya bambanta da shi a cikin baƙar fata mai raɗawa ta cikin ido. Wannan alamar ta ba ka damar rarrabe tsakanin nau'ikan jakar gida biyu. Launi yawanci launin ruwan kasa ne. A lokacin rani, launi ya fi launin toka. Yana haifar da zama da kuma rayuwar makiyaya. Ya fi so a ajiye shi a ƙananan garken. Gidajen gini an gina su ne a wurare masu duwatsu, a kan gangaren tsaunuka, wadatattu da dazuzzuka. Gida gida rami ne da aka rufe da ganyaye da rassa. A cikin gidajen, ana iya ganin ƙwai 6 zuwa 12.
- Partunƙarar farin-wutsiya (Lagopus leucurus) Shine mafi ƙarancin nau'in ptarmigan. Yana zaune daga Central Alaska zuwa jihohi a yammacin Arewacin Amurka. Ya bambanta daga ptarmigan cikin farin fari, ba baƙon wutsiya. Nauyin jeri daga 800 zuwa 1300 gram. Mata sun fi na maza ƙanana. Suna zaune ko dai a cikin ƙananan garken tumaki ko kuma biyu-biyu.
Partwaron farin-wutsiya alama ce ta ƙasa ta Alaska tun daga 1995.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Theaƙƙarfan yanayin daidaitawa ya ba su damar mamaye babban mazauni: daga Arctic Circle zuwa subananan filayen Amurka.
Abincin kashin kai
Partridges sun fi son tsaba, hatsi, 'ya'yan itace, ,wayoyi, ganye da kuma tushen abinci.... Duk wannan tsiron abincin da zai kasance a mazauninsu. Suna son cin abinci akan kwari a wasu lokuta. A lokacin hunturu, wadannan tsuntsayen suna ciyar da bishiyoyin daskararre, amfanin gona na hunturu, da ragowar buds da tsaba.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Wadannan tsuntsayen suna da daula sosai. A lokacin bazara, sun sami ma'auratan su ko kuma sun zama ɗaya. Ba kamar 'yan iska ba, namijin bokon namiji yana kiyaye zuriya da kulawa da mace. Gida ya ƙunshi daga ƙwai 9 zuwa 25, waɗanda aka saka cikin kimanin kwanaki 20-24. Bayan wannan, a lokaci guda, yayin rana, ana haihuwar kajin.
Daga mintunan farko na rayuwa, zuriyar tana bayyana da ƙwazo da azama, a zahiri suna fitowa daga harsashi, a shirye suke su bi iyayensu. Bayan kamar mako guda, kajin suna samun ikon tashi, kuma bayan watanni 1.5-2 sun zama kama da manya.
Makiya na halitta
Partridges suna da makiya da yawa. Kusan dukkanin ƙananan da manyan masu farauta a cikin mazauninsu na ganima kan rariyar rariyar. Waɗannan su ne dawakai, kuliyoyi da kuliyoyi, shaho, falcons, ermines, ferrets, weasel, martens da manyan mafarauta - lynx, kerkolci, cougars. Kuma tabbas, babban makiyin mutum ne.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Matsayin jinsin yana da karko sosai saboda yawan haihuwar wadannan tsuntsaye.... Koyaya, wasu ƙananan raƙuman raƙuman an kashe su. Koyaya, yawancin basu cikin haɗari.
