Karen Makiyayin Beljiyam (Shherherrd na Beljiyam) yana ɗaya daga cikin karnukan kiwo, wanda, a cewar ƙididdigar ICF, ya haɗa da nau'ikan Groenendael, Malinois, Laekenois da Tervuren. A wasu ƙasashe, ana ɗaukan kowane ɗayan da aka lissafa a matsayin jinsin daban.
Tarihin asalin nau'in
A karshen karni na sha tara, wani likitan dabbobi dan kasar Beljiyam da Farfesa Adolphe Riyuli sun yi yunƙurin kiwo irin na makiyayan ƙasar bisa ga irin karnukan, waɗanda matsakaita suke da tsayayyen kunnuwa, amma sun banbanta launi da tsayin gashi. Duk da shawarwarin da Farfesa Riyula ya bayar don kafa tushen kiwo a kan halayen kwalliyar, amma an ba da fifiko ga launi:
- mai kare gashi mai gashi mai gashi mai gashi mai gashi mai gashi-gashi-gashi - Groenendael;
- ɗan gajeren garken makiyayi ya kamata ya sami launin rawaya-launin ruwan kasa ko launin gawayi - malinois;
- Dogon kare makiyayi mai gashi mai gashi mai gashi mai toka - laekenois.
Groenendael iri-iri an halicce shi daga mai kiwon kare kuma ya sami suna don girmama garin da ya zama asalinsa... Ingantaccen iri-iri Tervuren kuma ya sami suna ne don girmama wurin zama inda farkon mai wannan nau'in ya rayu. An saka sunan Malinois ne bayan karamin garin Faransa na Malines, kuma ire-iren Laquenois din sunanshi ne zuwa fadar masarauta ta Laeken, kusa da inda makiyaya ke zama, suna kiwo da wani maras nauyi da gashi mara kyau.
Bayani game da makiyayin Belgium
Karnuka Makiyayan Beljiyam na dukkan nau'ikan iri huɗu, a halin yanzu, suna cikin manyan nau'ikan sabis.
Suna haɗuwa da abin da ake buƙata, halayen asali na mafi kyawun bincike da karnukan kiwo.
Bayyanar
Nau'in yana da layuka tsaka-tsaka, yana da daidaitattun daidaito, hankali da rashin wayewa, daidai ya dace don ajiyewa cikin kejin sararin sama.
Duk ire-iren Kareran Makiyayin Beljiyam suna da juriya ga sauyin yanayi da yanayi daban-daban. Wannan nau'in yana da siffofi masu jituwa da hawan kai mai girman kai, wanda ke ba da ƙarfin ƙarfin kare mai kyau.
Matsayi na asali
Dangane da rarrabuwa na FCI, makiyayin Beljiyam yana cikin rukunin farko na kiwo - Sheepdogs... An yanke hukuncin kare a yanayi na al'ada, kuma mafi mahimmancin sifofi sune:
- Tsarin murabba'i;
- wurin kirji a gwiwar hannu;
- tsawon bakin bakin daidai yake ko kuma ya fi tsayi tsayi fiye da tsawon kan.
Matsayi na yau da kullun don kowane nau'i na Kare garken Shepherd na Belgium shine:
- tare da robobi masu tsabta, daidai gwargwado da tsawo, maimakon busassun kai tare da sassauƙa da zurfin canji daga layin goshin goshin bakinsa;
- yankin kwanyar yana da matsakaiciya a fadi, daidai, tare da wani bangare na murabba'i mai fadi, ba a nuna shi da manyan baka da kuma matsakaiciyar tasha;
- bakin bakin yana da matsakaiciya a tsayi, tare da cikakken cikawa a karkashin idanuwa kuma a hankali kan hanta zuwa hanci;
- leɓɓa suna bushe da sirara, tare da bayyana da alamun yanayin launi;
- fararen hakora masu ƙarfi, an saita su a kan haƙoran da suka ci gaba sosai, tare da cizon yatsa
- idanu suna da matsakaiciya a cikin girma, ba tare da nutsuwa mai ƙarfi ba da kuma wuce gona da iri, mai ɗan fasalin almond, launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, tare da fatar ido tare da haɓakar baƙar fata;
- kunnuwa karami ne a cikin su, mai dauke da saiti mai girma, madaidaicin sifa mai kusurwa uku, tare da harsashi mai zagaye da daskararren guringuntsi;
- an fayyace shi sosai, tare da ɗan ƙara tsayi, maimakon a tsaye, tare da juzu'i mai kyau da faɗaɗawa zuwa kafaɗun, wuya ba shi da raɓa, kuma "fitowar" ta kasance sananne sosai;
- jiki yana da ƙarfi, amma ba tare da nauyi ba, murabba'i ne a sifa, mai tsayi daga kafaɗu zuwa gindi kusan daidai da tsayin dabba a bushe;
- tare da madaidaicin layi da bayyanannun ɗamara ta kafaɗa, yankin lumbar gajere ne kuma mai faɗi, tare da kyakkyawar nama mai kyau;
- yankin baya na muscular ne kuma gajere, tare da muscled da ɗan taɓar kaɗan, ba croup mai faɗi da yawa ba;
- yankin kirji bashi da faɗi kuma yana da zurfin zurfin, wanda ke tattare da haɗin gwal a saman haƙarƙarin;
- wutsiya, an kafa ta da ƙarfi a kan tushe mai ƙarfi da bayyane, matsakaiciya a tsayi, ba ta fi ta ƙanƙara ba, tana rataye a natse a huta da tashi kaɗan akan motsi.
Legashin gaban kare, a layi ɗaya idan aka kalleshi daga gaba, tare da ƙafafun zagaye da duhu, ƙusoshi masu ƙarfi. Legsafafun baya suna da ƙarfi amma ba su da nauyi, tare da ƙafafun kafa da yatsun kafa.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Dangane da ƙa'idodin da aka kafa, girman kare mai girma yana kan matsakaita 61-62 cm, kuma ƙyamar tana 57-58 cm, tare da nauyin 25-30 kg da 20-25 kg, bi da bi.
Iri-iri
Zuwa yau, ba a rarrabe su zuwa nau'ikan daban-daban ba, amma manyan nau'ikan guda hudu na Doggon Shepherd Dog ne, wanda ya bambanta ƙwarai a waje na waje:
- Groenendael - ɗayan mafi banbanci da nau'ikan iri iri da ake amfani dashi azaman mai tsaro da kare yan sanda, ya dace da aiki a kwastan. A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na ,aya, an yi amfani da ire-iren a matsayin mai ceto, mai sapper ko mai rusa mutum. Wani fasali na nau'ikan shine kasancewar ulu mai laushi mai laushi mai laushi, wanda ya fi tsayi a yankin wuyan kuma ya samar da abin wuya na marmari. Dangane da mizanin, launin launin baƙar gawayi ya zama yana da asali a cikin hanci, kusoshi, leɓɓa da fatar ido. Idanu - launin ruwan kasa mai duhu;
- Tervuren - nau'ikan da ke tattare da taushi da gajere a kan kai, da kuma dogon gashi a jikin sauran, musamman a yankin kirji da wuya. Launi bisa ga mizanin ɗabi'a ya zama ja da gawayi. Koyaya, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an sami ƙarin samfuran samfuran da ke da sutura ta kowane tabarau mai launin ja tare da baƙin fata. A lokaci guda, ana karfafa launin launi mai ɗumi, kuma karnuka masu ƙarancin launi ba sa yin da'awar karɓar alamar "kyakkyawa";
- Malinois Yana da mashahuri iri-iri wanda ke sanya kyakkyawar aboki, mai tsaro da mai kulawa. Jikin babban kare yana da girman matsakaici tare da fitattun ƙwayoyin tsokoki da ke bayyane. Gashi yana da yawa kuma an lura dashi da yawa. Akwai baƙaƙen sifa mai ma'ana wanda ke rufe leɓɓu, fatar ido da bakin fuska, kuma babban launin gashi ya kamata ya zama fawn. Matsayin jinsi yana ba da izinin farin nono;
- Laquenois - wanda ke da launi mai launi mai launi tare da ɗan baƙi, wanda yafi nuna kansa a cikin rufin fuska da kan jela. Gashi, kamar dai ɗan tousus. An yarda da ƙaramin farin a yankin kirji, da kuma a kan yatsun ƙafafun kafa na baya. Wannan ire-iren makiyayan na Beljiyam bai shahara sosai tsakanin masu kiwon karnuka na gida ba, amma an yi imanin cewa Laquenois ne ke da kyawawan halaye iri daban-daban na "Beljiram".
Mahimmanci! Lokacin zabar nau'ikan iri-iri don nunawa da kiwo, yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa duk wata hanyar wucewa ta haramtacciyar hanya an hana ta, banda larura masu tilastawa tare da izini daga majalisar hukuma ta nau'in.
Halin Makiyayin Belgium
Karen Makiyayi na Belgium, ba tare da la'akari da nau'in ba, yana da tsari kai tsaye kuma mai rai, mai hankali da tambaya. A dabi'ance, kare ne mai aiki da hankali tare da kyawawan halaye na tsaro.
Babu shakka duk "ansan Beljiyom" suna da kyakkyawar ƙwaƙwalwa, wanda ke sauƙaƙa jurewa har ma da dogon horo na horo na musamman da ilimi. Dole ne kare irin wannan dole ya ji "hannu mai karfi" na mai shi, amma kasancewar rashin mutunci a yayin tarbiyya ba abar karba ba ce, domin hakan na iya haifar da ci gaban matsorata ko tsananin neurasthenia a cikin dabbar dabba.
Ba za a iya kiran Makiyayin Belgian makiyayin da ya wuce gona da iri ba, amma irin wannan nau'in yana da iko da ikon sarrafa tashin hankali... "Beljam" sau da yawa ya kasance ba ruwansa da baƙi, idan baƙo ba ya ƙoƙari ya mamaye sararin kare ko mai shi.
Tsawon rayuwa
Matsakaicin rayuwar ɗan Beljiam na kowane nau'in kusan shekaru goma sha ɗaya ko goma sha biyu, wanda ke da isasshen lokaci don dabbobi masu tsabta da marasa tsabta. Koyaya, kulawa mai kyau da bin ka'idojin tsarewa na bawa dabbar gidan rai da zama har tsawon shekaru goma sha biyar.
Tsayawa makiyayin dan Belgium a gida
Puan kwikwiyo na Makiyayan Beljiyam suna da motsi sosai, suna aiki kuma suna da ban sha'awa, saboda haka kuna buƙatar shirya a gaba don bayyanar irin wannan dabbar dabbar a cikin gidan. Mafi mahimmanci, kare na wannan nau'in yana jin a cikin shimfidar waje mai faɗi, amma wannan dabbar dabbar ba za ta haifar da wata matsala ta musamman ba ko da a cikin gidan.
Kulawa da tsafta
Duk da cewa kulawa da "dan Beljium" mutum ne na musamman, kuma kai tsaye ya ta'allaka ne kawai da halayen halittu, har ma da halaye na wani mutum, akwai wasu shawarwari gama gari wadanda zasu ba ka damar kula da lafiyar irin wannan kare tsawon shekaru.
Da farko dai, kulawar da ta dace ta ƙunshi kulawa ta yau da kullun ta dabbar, wacce take wadatacciya kuma mai kauri. Goge baki ko gogewar rigar a kai a kai na cire matattun gashi da kuma tausa fata, wanda ke da muhimmanci musamman lokacin zubewa.
Mahimmanci! An haɗu da nau'ikan dogon gashi sau biyu ko sau uku a mako ta amfani da burushin tausa na musamman. A lokacin bazara da lokacin bazara, bai kamata ku yi watsi da madaidaicin kula da gashin dabbobi daga ectoparasites ba.
Baya ga gashi, ya kamata a kula da yanayin kunnuwa, idanu, hakora da ƙafafu. Kunnuwa da idanu ya kamata a bincika su da kyau kuma a tsabtace su idan ya zama dole. Ana tsabtace hakora tare da kayan goge baki na musamman don hana bayyanar tartar. Zaka iya bawa karenka lokaci-lokaci taunawa ta musamman. Ana gyara farcen a kai a kai ta hanyar amfani da farce na musamman.
Ba shi yiwuwa a kula da lafiyar jiki da tsawon rayuwar Dog Shepherd Dog ba tare da samar da irin wannan dabbar dabbar ba tare da yawan tafiya da aiki sosai. Tafiya "ɗan Belgium" ana buƙata aƙalla sau biyu a rana, yana ba da aƙalla awanni kaɗan don irin wannan taron. Yayin tafiya na yau da kullun, tabbatar da wasa da kare, ta amfani da ball ko wani abin wasa don wannan dalili.
Yadda ake ciyar da Makiyayin Makiyayi
Ya kamata a ba da kulawa ta musamman don ciyar da kwikwiyo na Makiyayin Beljiyam don samun ingantacciyar dabba, mai ƙarfi da lafiyar dabbobin gida. Dole ne a samar da furotin ga kare a cikin ɗanyen naman sa, wanda ba shi da ƙashi, jijiyoyi da fina-finai. An yanka naman a ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan. Hakanan ya kamata ku ciyar da kare kifin kifi na teku, gami da pollock, cod da haddock. Hakanan an yanka kayan kifin a kananan ƙananan. Yana da kyau a kara kayan cin nama tare da kayan lambu, wadanda sune latas, zucchini da karas.
Kamar yadda aikace-aikace ya nuna, hatsi na zabi ne, ma'ana, abinci ne na zaɓi, amma idan ya cancanta, zaku iya bawa Bakin Shepherd ɗin buckwheat tare da ƙarin ƙananan man kayan lambu.
Don inganta tsarin narkewa, kuna buƙatar haɓaka abinci tare da jita-jita madara, a cikin nau'in cakuda dangane da 1% kefir da 5% cuku na gida, da biokefir ko bioyogurt.
Ciyar da Makiyayin Beljiyam na iya zama ba samfuran ƙasa kawai ba, har ma da abincin masana'antun bushe... An zaɓi abin da ake kira "bushewa" daidai da shekaru da yanayin yanayin ilimin dabba. Maƙeran suna samar da abincin da aka tsara don ciyar da karnuka masu aiki da manya, da masu ciki da masu shayarwa.
Ingancin shirye-shiryen cin abinci yawanci daidaitacce ne, saboda haka babu buƙatar ƙarin su da bitamin da ma'adinai. Amma lokacin ciyar da kare "na dabi'a" yana nufin gabatarwar rukunin bitamin da na ma'adinai na musamman a cikin abincin yau da kullun.
Cututtuka da lahani na asali
Za a iya gabatar da rashin amfani na yau da kullun na "Beljiyam":
- hali mai firgitarwa ko tsoro;
- launi na hanci, lebe da fatar ido;
- karamin kallo;
- hasken inuwar idanu;
- kafadu madaidaiciya;
- raunana, madaidaiciyar mahaɗan hock;
- looseafafun kafa masu sako-sako;
- wutsiya mai tsayi sosai ko ƙugiya;
- rashin sutura;
- launin toka-launi, ba ɗumi ƙwarai ko inuwa mai wanka ba;
- mask mara kyau ko karami
Bayyanannen lahani sune rashin cancanta, wanda za'a iya ɗauka azaman kasancewar:
- mai tsananin wuya ko ƙarami;
- ratayewa ko sanya kunnuwa na jabu;
- bobtail, tashar da aka yanke ko yankewa;
- farin tabo a wuraren da mizanin ba ya halatta;
- rashin iya sarrafawa ko wuce gona da iri;
- yawan firgita da tsoro.
Wasu daga cikin cututtukan cututtukan da suka fi dacewa da Makiyayin Belgium sune:
- farfadiya ko kamuwa;
- kumburin ciki ko girman kai;
- dysplasia na gwiwar hannu ko haɗin gwiwa;
- halayen rashin lafiyan;
- bayyanar nauyin nauyi;
- cataract.
Kamar yadda aikin ya nuna, tare da kyakkyawar kulawa, tare da bin tsarin rigakafi da allurar rigakafi, "'Yan Beljiyam" suna da isasshen jimiri kuma da wuya su kamu da rashin lafiya. Koyaya, alurar riga kafi na kare wajibi ne. Kafin rigakafin, kimanin kwanaki goma a gaba, ya zama dole a bai wa dabbobin wani maganin antihelminthic.
A wata daya da rabi, ana ba da rigakafin PURPY-novibak, makonni biyu bayan fara rigakafin, ana ba da rigakafin DHPPI tare da leptonovibak, kuma a wata shida, bayan canjin hakora, ana ba da rigakafin DHPPI tare da lepto-novibak da NOBIVAK-RABIES.
Ilimi da horo
Ci gaban halayen aiki na kare shine sakamakon ingantaccen ilimi da horo na yau da kullun tare da dabbobin gida mai ƙafa huɗu. Ba a ba da shawarar Tervurens don ƙwararrun masu kula da kare ba, saboda suna da cikakkiyar halita da kaifi, hankali mai ban mamaki..
A karkashin yanayin rashin daukar hankali, irin wannan dabbar da ke da hankali sosai ta zama "jagora", wanda hakan ke matukar rikita sadarwa da kare da kuma horonsa. Koyaya, duk Makiyayan Beljiyam suna da horo sosai kuma suna saurin koyon aiwatar da duk umarnin da ake buƙata.
Horarwa yana da tushe a kimiyance kuma mai ma'ana ne, mai tsari, gami da tasirin tasiri akan kare, wanda zai baka damar bunkasa takamaiman, dabaru masu mahimmanci da kuma iyawa a cikin dabbobin gidanka.
Don aiwatar da horar da Makiyayin na Beljium don cin nasara, ya zama dole a haɗa siginonin sarrafawa tare da ƙarfafawa mai kyau, wanda za'a iya ɗauka azaman farantawa da ba da karnuka.
Yakamata a ba da kulawa ta musamman ga tsarin karatun gabaɗaya, bambancinsa shine kasancewar akwai tsauraran buƙatu don ayyuka don sarrafa dabba da aiwatar da ƙwarewar kare.
Yana cikin aiwatar da OKD cewa Makiyayin Beljiyam ya haɓaka duk ƙwarewar da ke horar da dabba, ba ku damar sarrafa halayensa ba kawai a cikin amfanin yau da kullun ba, har ma a cikin ayyuka na musamman.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Ya kamata a lura cewa "'Yan Beljiyom" na dukkan nau'ikan suna da sauƙin iya ƙwarewa ba kawai ƙwarewar horo da aikin tsaro ba, amma kuma sauƙin shan horo a cikin saurin aiki da sauran wasanni.
Sayi Makiyayin Belgium
Yana da matukar karfin gwiwa siyan kowane irin Kare garken makiyayi dan kasar Belgium daga wani makiyayin da ba shi da lasisi ko "kashe hannu". Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, yana da matukar wahalar gaske a iya tantancewa da halaye na nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan hudu na "ɗan Belgium", don haka yana da kyau a zaɓi dabbobin dabba tare da taimakon gogaggen mai kula da kare.
Ya kamata malalata da marasa nutsuwa su ƙi sayen nau'in, saboda Karnuka Makiyayan Beljiyam na buƙatar na yau da kullun, isasshen damuwa ta jiki da ta hankali, kuma tare da rashin kulawa da ƙarancin aikin da ake buƙata, halayyar dabba mai ɓarna da sauri ta bayyana kanta.
Abin da za a nema
Da yawa daga cikin masu kiwo marasa kishi ba sa mai da hankali sosai ga kiwon dabbobin gida daga kwanakin farko na rayuwarsu, kuma lokacin da suke kiwon karnuka masu asali, ana iya jagorantar su ne ta hanyar kyawawan zuriya kawai.
Sakamakon irin waɗannan ayyukan shine aiwatar da puan kwikwiyon da ba su da tarbiyya, daji da kuma matsoraci, waɗanda ke da matukar wahalar ilimi ko horo.
Ya kamata a yaye ɗan kwikwiyo daga mahaifiyarsa kuma a koya masa sabon yanayin rayuwa a kusan wata ɗaya da haihuwa... Dole ne a ba da hankali na musamman ga yanayin kiyaye ba uwa kawai ba, har ma da puan kwikwiyo. Yankin da aka keɓe ya kamata ya bushe, mai haske da tsabta.
Mahimmanci! Ana ba da shawarar yin tambaya game da adadin puan kwikwiyon da aka zaɓa a zuriyar dabbobi. Thearamin adadin, yawancin ƙarfin jariran kansu, a matsayin mai ƙa'ida, samun isasshen abinci mai gina jiki daga mahaifiyarsu.
Dole ne a tuna cewa lafiyayyen dabba dole ne ya kasance mai ƙwazo, mai daɗin ci. Gashi na kwikwiyo ya zama mai kauri sosai, tare da halayyar ɗabi'a, kuma idanuwa da kunnuwa su zama masu tsabta, ba tare da fitowar wata cuta ba. Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, yayin zabar "dan Belgium" ya kamata mutum ya yi la'akari da gaskiyar cewa, abin takaici, farfadiya da dysplasia cutuka ne da ke tattare da mutum, saboda haka ba za a iya warke su ba.
Farashin wani kare ya kiwo dan kasar Belgium
Kudin kwikwiyo na iya zama daban. Kudin farashi, a ƙa’ida, kai tsaye ya dogara da yadda ake amfani da iyaye masu taken wajan yin aure, kan shaharar mai kiwo, da kuma “aji” na kwikwiyo, shekarunsa da sauran abubuwan da yawa.
A yankin ƙasarmu, a halin yanzu mafi shahara da shahara a tsakanin masu shayarwa sune nau'ikan Groenendael da Malinois, waɗanda za a iya sayan su cikin sauƙi a wuraren nurs. Aya daga cikin masu shayarwa suna tsunduma cikin kiwo Laekenois da Tervuren, don haka akwai layuka na irin waɗannan nau'ikan kuma yana da matuƙar wahala a saya su.
Kudin nau'ikan iri iri yana da araha... Misali, zaku iya siyan kwikwiyon Groenendael kowane wata ta hanyar talla ko "daga hannu" na kimanin dubu 15-20. Hakanan akwai puan kwikwiyo daga kwalliyar yau da kullun ko mai son sha'awa kuma a kan kuɗi 10 dubu rubles, amma asalinsu da lafiyayyan dabbobin daga gandun daji na musamman, waɗanda suka dace da nunin nuni da kiwo, za su saye mai siye mai yiwuwa 35-50 dubu rubles ko fiye.
Binciken mai shi
Makiyayin na Beljiyam, bisa ga yanayinta, yana buƙatar sarari da yawa don motsa jiki. Lokacin da aka ajiye shi a cikin ɗaki, ana buƙatar samar da irin wannan dabbar dabbar tare da doguwar tafiya, da ƙarin motsa jiki.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Karnuka Makiyayan Belgian suna da karnuka masu ƙarfi da ƙarfi sosai tare da kariya mai ƙarfi da kuma dacewa da yanayin yanayi daban-daban.
“'Yan Beljiyom" na kowane irin yanayi suna kama shi tare da karimcinsu, hazikancinsu na asali da kuma fitaccen hazikin su. Irin wannan dabbar dabbar za ta zama abokiya mai kyau kuma mai aminci. Duk da alamun "kamanceceniya" na halaye, kowane nau'i na Karen Shepherd na Beljium yana da mutum, kawai fasali ne na asali:
- Groenendael yana da hankali, maras kyau, tare da tunani mai tambaya, iri-iri waɗanda suke cikakke ga kowane irin "aikin kare", daga gasa zuwa ayyukan ceto daban-daban;
- Tervuren zai zama mai tsaro mai kyau, ba tare da kai hari ba gaira ba dalili, amma a fili ya san duk ayyukansa;
- Malinois yana nufin karnuka tare da bayyanannun matakan kariya da halaye na kariya, kuma shi ma ya fi ƙarfin tunani, rinjaye a cikin dukkan "Yan Beljiyom";
- Laquenois ana ɗaukarsa mafi kyawun yanayi, mai da'a da nutsuwa na kowane iri, saboda haka galibi ana samun sa ne ta hanyar iyalai da yara da kuma mutanen da suka yi ritaya.
A cewar kwararrun masu kiwon kare da kwararrun masu kula da karnukan, kafin fara horo da horon "dan Belgium", dole ne a kulla alaka ta amintaka tsakanin mai shi da dabbobin gidan, wanda hakan zai ba kare damar jin da kuma saba da hukuma.
A wata 'yar karamar sassauci, kare Makiyayin Beljiyam yakan nuna halin son rai, saboda haka, dole ne a tunkari batun horarwa sosai.
