Hali da bayyanar nutria suna kamanceceniya da wani bera, da beaver. Ba don komai ba ne masana kimiyyar halitta suka ba shi karo na biyu, babban suna a hukumance - "gulbin fata". Amma a cikin dangin nutria, tana wakiltar nau'in jinsi ne kawai da nau'ikan sunan daya - "nutria".
Bayanin nutria
Wani yana tunanin cewa nutria tana kama da beran da aka ci, wanda aka tabbatar da shi ta girman dabbobin da suka manyanta, wanda ya kai tsawon 60 cm a tsayi kuma ya kai daga 8 zuwa 12 kilogiram. Maza suna daɗa samun ƙarin nauyi.
Duk da jiki mai nauyi, dabbar tana iyo daidai, wanda sauƙaƙan membranes ke sauƙaƙe shi da kuma wutsiya, kusan wutsiya mara gashi, tana aiki azaman abin kwatance.
Yanayin rayuwa ya nuna wasu nuances na jikin mutum, alal misali, kasancewar tsoffin tsoka a hanci, suna toshe hanyar samun ruwa a ciki... Kuma godiya ga leɓuɓɓun da suka tsage suna rufewa a bayan incisors, nutria na iya cinye tsire-tsire a ƙarƙashin ruwa ba tare da haɗiye ruwa ba.
Kwayoyin mammary (nau'ikan 4-5) sun dace da rayuwa a cikin ruwa, wanda kusan zuwa bayan mace: wannan shine yadda dabi'a ta kula da yaran da ke shan madara daidai da raƙuman ruwa.
Babban kai tare da toshe bakin ɗamara tare da ƙananan kunnuwa. Idanun ma ba sa mamakin girman su, amma tsawon faɗakarwar "yada" abin mamaki ne. Theafususususususususususususususususunawus nanai, mussaman wanda ya dace da motsi a kan ƙasa. Kamar sauran rodents, raunin nutria masu launin lemu ne mai haske.
Jawo, wanda ya kunshi gashi mai tsaro mai kauri da rigar ruwan kasa mai kauri, yana da kyau wajen tunkude ruwa. Beaver na ruwa (aka koipu) yana narkewa a cikin shekara. Molting ba shi da ƙarfi sosai a watan Yuli-Agusta da Nuwamba-Maris. Lokaci na ƙarshe ana ɗauka mafi kyau don fata.
Rayuwa
A cikin nutria, yana da alaƙa da yanayin ruwa: dabba tana nitsewa da yin iyo da kyau, kiyaye shi a ƙarƙashin ruwa na tsawon mintuna 10. Ba ya son zafi, yana zaune a cikin inuwa kuma ba ya son sanyi musamman, kodayake yana jure yanayin sanyi na digiri 35. Koipu baya yin kayan sanyi, baya gina masauki mai ɗumi, kuma baya iya rayuwa cikin ruwan daskarewa: sau da yawa yakan mutu ba tare da samun hanyar fita ƙarƙashin kankara ba.
Masu siyar da begen Marsh suna zaune ne a cikin rami mai rami a cikin iyalai na mutane 2 zuwa 13, waɗanda suka haɗa da babban namiji, mata da yawa da yaransu. Samari maza suna kansu. Kari akan haka, beraye suna gina gidajan gida (daga ciyawa da catalal) masu mahimmanci don hutawa da haihuwar zuriya.
Nutria, wanda ke da saukin halin ƙaurace wa makiyaya, yana aiki kusa da dare. Tare da wadatattun kayan tanadi da matsuguni, yana kiwo wuri guda. Abincin Nutria shine:
- cattail da reed (tushe, tushen da ganye);
- goro na ruwa;
- rassan wasu bishiyoyi;
- ciyawa;
- kandami da kibiya;
- furannin ruwa;
- kifin kifin, ledoji da ƙananan kifi (ba safai ba).
Nutria tana da ji mai kyau, amma rashin ƙarfi da ƙanshi da gani. Rikicin da ake shakku ya sa ɗan sandan ya gudu. Nutria tana gudana cikin tsalle, amma an gaji da sauri.
Tsawon rayuwa
Nutria, a yanayi da cikin ƙaura, basa rayuwa sosai, kawai shekaru 6-8.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Ana samun beaver a kudancin Amurka ta Kudu (daga Kudancin Brazil da Paraguay zuwa mashigar Magellan)... Yaduwar nutria zuwa wasu nahiyoyi na da alaƙa da ƙoƙari mai ma'ana, kodayake ba koyaushe ake samun nasara ba. Misali a Afirka, daddare bai yi jijiya ba, amma ya zauna a Arewacin Amurka da Turai.
Nutria (676 daga Argentina da 1980 daga Jamus / England) an kawo su Tarayyar Soviet a 1930-1932. A cikin Kyrgyzstan, yankunan Transcaucasia da Tajikistan, gabatarwar ta tafi daidai. Yankin koipu na iya "ƙyama" saboda tsananin damuna. Don haka, tsananin sanyi na 1980 ya lalata beraye a jihohin arewacin Amurka da Scandinavia.
Nutria ta fi so ta zauna kusa da tafkunan ruwa mai tsafta / rauni mai gudana: a bakin gabar teku, tabkuna da ke cike da cattails da alder-sedge bogs, inda akwai shuke-shuke da yawa. Koyaya, dabbar ba ta son gandun daji masu yawa kuma ba ta rugawa zuwa tsaunuka, saboda haka ba ta faruwa sama da 1200 m sama da matakin teku.
Nutria abun ciki a gida
Wadannan manyan berayen ana kirar su ne don dalilai biyu na kasuwanci - don samun (ba tare da komai ba) nama mai kama da naman alade da fata masu tamani tare da Jawo mai hana ruwa gudu. Yawancin dabbobi ana ajiye su cikin guda 5 - 8, suna ba da gida daban na mata masu ciki da masu shayarwa.
Nutria keji
Yankin kejin / aviary yana nesa da kowane tushe na hayaniya, musamman hayaniyar masana'antu, don kar a tsoratar da dabbobi. Abincin Aviary ana daukar shi mafi dadi, tunda a wannan yanayin nutria tana da yankin tafiya da wurin iyo.
Ya kamata a fitar da gandun dajin da ke zaune cikin keji a cikin iska mai ɗumi a lokacin bazara. A matsayinka na ƙa'ida, mazaunan keɓaɓɓu (musamman waɗanda aka sanya su a cikin bene da yawa) an hana su tafkin gida. Wasu masu kiwo suna ajiye dabbobin gida a cikin ginshiki tare da hasken lantarki (ba tare da wuraren waha ba), wanda ke basu damar rage farashin samar da rayuwa.
Mahimmanci! An yi imani da cewa kawai a kai a kai iyo nutria bada high quality-Jawo. Koyaya, masana ilimin gina jiki na gida da yawa sun koyi yadda ake samun kyawawan fata ba tare da amfani da tafki ba.
Masu narkar da Marsh suna buƙatar ruwan sha, musamman a lokacin bazara... Ba za ku iya ƙuntata amfani da ruwa a cikin mata masu ciki da masu shayarwa ba tare da wuraren waha ba.
Nutria kusan bata sha kawai a cikin sanyi mai ɗaci: a wannan lokacin tana binne kanta a cikin zuriyar dabbobi, tana wadatar da danshi daga kayan lambu. Nutria (ba kamar kwarjin Arctic) ba ta da ƙanshi mai ƙyama, amma har yanzu kuna buƙatar tsabtace bayan su, kuna watsar da ragowar abinci, canza ruwa a kowace rana da share ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin.
Abincin Nutria
Manoma, waɗanda gonakinsu suke a yankunan bakin teku tare da ciyayi masu daɗi, za su iya yin tanadi kan ciyarwa. A wannan yanayin, menu na nutria yana kusa da yadda yake yiwuwa ga na halitta.
A rana guda, mutum 1 yana cin abinci daban, amma a lokaci guda, ana gabatar dashi cikin abincinsa (a lokacin bazara / kaka):
- alfalfa da clover - 200-300 g;
- hatsin rai da sha'ir - 130-170 g;
- kek - 10 g;
- abincin kifi da gishiri - kimanin 5 g.
A cikin hunturu, abubuwan da ake buƙata suna canza ɗan:
- hay - 250-300 g;
- karas da dankali - 200 g;
- kek - 20 g;
- gishiri da naman kifi - 10 g.
A lokacin bazara, ana ba da beraye ga bishiyoyi, ƙananan 'ya'yan inabi, rassan itacen oak, masarar masara da ciyawa, guje wa toka, Linden, hornbeam da rassan cherry tsuntsaye.
Mahimmanci! An riga an jika ciyayi mara daɗi, kuma an dafa abincin hatsi, ana ƙara yankakken kayan lambu a cikin wanda ya gama. Algae (20% na yawan yau da kullun) zai zama kyakkyawan kari.
Suna ciyar da dabbobi da safe, suna ba da 'ya'yan itace / kayan lambu, da yamma kuma, suna mai da hankali ga ciyawa. Da safe, cakuɗin hatsi yana ɗaukar kashi 40% na ƙimar abinci. Mata masu ciki da masu shayarwa suna karɓar kashi 75% na abin da ake buƙata a kowace rana da safe.
Nau'in kiwo
Masu kiwo sun yi aiki tare da nutria ta hanyoyi biyu, suna haɓaka wasu don nama mai ɗanɗano, wasu kuma don fur mai launi... A sakamakon haka, wadanda suka yi gwajin launuka sun bunkasa nau'ikan hade-hade 7 hade da 9 na maye gurbi.
Hakanan, an raba dabbobin launuka zuwa masu rinjaye (fararen Azerbaijani, baƙar fata da zinare) kuma sun dawo (farin arewa, albino, ruwan hoda, bambaro, hayaƙi, shuɗi da lu'u-lu'u).
Nutria mai launi daidai (daga launin ruwan kasa zuwa ja mai duhu) suna da kyau saboda ba sa buƙatar kulawa ta musamman da abinci na asali wanda zai kula da launi. Kari akan haka, wadannan beraye suna da tamowa sosai kuma koyaushe suna haifar da ofa ofa masu launi kawai da ake fata.
A waje, irin waɗannan dabbobi sun fi kusa da takwarorinsu na daji fiye da wasu kuma da wuya su bambanta a cikin babban nauyi. Matsayin mai mulkin, ya kasance daga 5 zuwa 7 kg, amma wasu samfuran suna samun kilogiram 12 kowannensu.
Kiwo
Haihuwa a cikin gida mai gina jiki yana farawa ne daga watanni 4, amma zai fi kyau a fara saduwa bayan watanni 4 daga baya. Namiji daya yana amfani da mata 15 da suka manyanta.
Kuna iya dubawa idan akwai juna biyu a cikin wata daya da rabi: da hannu ɗaya mace ke riƙe da wutsiya, kuma dayan hannun suna latsewar ciki, suna ƙoƙarin nemo ƙananan ƙwallo. Wadanda suka yi ciki suna cikin gidajen keɓaɓɓu, an haɗa su da wurin wanka da wurin tafiya.
Beaukewar yana ɗaukar watanni 4-5: a wannan lokacin, dole ne a saka man kifi a cikin abinci. Kafin haihuwa, wanda yawanci yakan faru da daddare, matar da ke nakuda ta ki cin abinci. Haihuwa na ɗaukar rabin sa'a, da ƙyar ake jan sa'o'i da yawa (har zuwa 12).
Abun ciki (a cikin shara daga 1 zuwa 10) nan da nan ya gani da kyau kuma yana iya tafiya. Yaran jarirai masu nauyin to 200 suna nauyin kowannensu, suna samun ninki 5 na yawan watanni 2. A rana ta 3, jarirai suna cin abincin manya kuma suna iyo sosai idan akwai wurin wanka.
Idan bayan haihuwar, mace ba ta ciyar da 'ya'yan da sauri game da damuwa, an aika ta na ɗan lokaci zuwa keji tare da namiji. Nutria tare da zuriya ana ajiye shi a cikin ɗumi mai tsabta da tsabta. Ci gaban beraye yana aiki har zuwa shekaru 2, kuma haihuwa na mata yana kaiwa shekaru 4.
Cututtuka, rigakafi
Nutria ba ta da saukin kamuwa (ta bayan wasu dabbobi masu dauke da fur) zuwa cututtukan cututtuka da na parasitic, amma duk da haka ba ta da 'yanci daga bayyanar su.
Salmonellosis (paratyphoid)
Kamuwa da cuta na faruwa ne ta hanyar masu shayarwa / masu sha, kuma ƙwayoyin cuta, beraye, ɓeraye, tsuntsaye da mutane ke ɗauke da salmonella. Yaran dabbobi sun fi shan wahala. Don hana ɓarkewar cuta, an kashe nutria mai tsanani, kuma an tsara biomycin, chloramphenicol da furazolidone ga waɗanda ke da rashin lafiya cikin sauƙi.
Prophylaxis rigakafi ne mai rikitarwa wanda ke ba da tabbacin kariya ga watanni 8.
Pasteurellosis
Suna kamuwa da ita ta hanyar abinci da ruwa. Masu dauke da cutar da yawan mutuwa (har zuwa 90%) sune beraye, tsuntsaye da dabbobi.
Ana amfani da maganin rigakafi a cikin jiyya, gami da bicillin-3, streptomycin da penicillin. Ana kuma tura marasa lafiya yin yanka. Prophylaxis - rigakafin cutar tare da kwayar antipasterella.
Tarin fuka
Yana da haɗari don asirinta, kamuwa da cuta yana faruwa ne daga cutar nutria ko ta madarar shanu mai cutar.
Kwayar cutar
- rashin kulawa;
- rashin ci da sanadin gajiya;
- rashin numfashi da tari (idan huhu ya shafa);
- rashin aiki.
Cutar tarin fuka ta Nutria ba ta da magani, sakamakon mutuwa na iya yiwuwa watanni 2-3 bayan kamuwa da cuta... Rigakafin - bin ƙa'idodin tsabtace jiki, ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki, tafasasshen madara.
Nutria kuma ana fama da barazanar colibacillosis (mace-mace har zuwa 90%), ringworm, helminth, da kuma rashin kwayar cutar rhinitis da yawan guban abinci.
Siyan nutria, farashin
Idan zaku yi kiwon nutria, ɗauki dabbobin da ba su wuce watanni 2-3 ba. A wannan shekarun, rodent yayi nauyin kilogram 1.3-2.3. Af, gogaggun masu kiwo sun san cewa ba lallai ba ne a sayi ƙattai don samun manyan dabbobi: zaka iya zaɓar abubuwan gina jiki masu ƙoshin lafiya, girma da dumi da ƙoshin lafiya.
Don nutria, kuna buƙatar zuwa gonaki, wuraren shakatawa na sirri da gonakin dabbobi. Yanayin beraye da bayyanarsu za su faɗi abubuwa da yawa. Zai fi kyau a ɗauki dabbobin da aka kiwata a cikin keɓaɓɓun keɓaɓɓu tare da samun ruwa da kuma ciyar da su akan abincin ƙasa. Kar a manta a duba ciki a duba takardunsu.
Farashin mai kyau mai girma nutria yana farawa daga 1.5 dubu rubles. Kuna iya samun ƙaramin abu don 500. Koyaya, da wuya ku ga farashi a cikin tallace-tallace, saboda masu siyarwa sun fi son yin shawarwari da shi ta waya.
Darajar nutria fur
Kayayyakin da aka sanya da bakin ruwa sun fi karko fiye da gashin gashi da hulunan da aka yi da marten ko muskrat, kuma suna riƙe da kyakkyawar gabatarwar aƙalla yanayi 4-5. A lokaci guda, furcin nutria ya fi haske da zomo kuma ba ya jin tsoron danshi, wanda ake buƙata musamman a yanayinmu mai canzawa, lokacin da ake sauƙaƙe dusar ƙanƙara da ruwan sama.
Mahimmanci! 'Yan damfara sukan siyar da nutria da aka debo (tare da cire gashin mai gadin) azaman tsinke beaver ko mink. Waɗannan fursunonin sun fi tsada sosai, saboda haka kuna buƙatar yin taka tsantsan yayin sayan.
Masanan sukan zabi suturar da ake sanyawa daga fatun daji na Argentine na daji, duk da cewa wannan fur din a koyaushe bugu da dari ana yin shi (don mafi kyawun sha'awa).
Ana tantance ingancin fatun berayen cikin gida ta shekarunsu, lafiyarsu, gadonsu, yanayin gidaje da abinci... Waɗannan dalilai suna shafar lalacewa, lahani da girman fata, da kuma kaddarorin fur kamar tsayi, ƙarfi, ƙarfi da launi.
Mai hankali ba zai toshe ƙwaya mai watanni 3 ba: fatunsu sun yi ƙanƙan kuma an rufe su da gashi marasa ƙarfi. Lokacin da aka yanka dabbobi masu watanni 5-7, ana girbe fatu masu matsakaiciya, amma don samun samfuran ajin farko ya fi kyau a jira har dabbobin sun kai watanni 9-18. Ana cire manyan konkoma karãtunan fata tare da kyakkyawan fur.
Nutria mai gashi mai '' cikakke '' ita ce mafi kyawun yanka daga ƙarshen Nuwamba zuwa Maris don samun mafi kyau (mai sheki, mai kauri da tsawo).
Binciken mai shi
Duk waɗanda ke kula da beavers na fadama suna lura da sauƙinsu na yau da kullun, tsabta da komai.
Suna cin kusan duk abin da ke tsiro a yankin, amma suna son musamman zucchini, apples, kabeji, karas, zobo har ma da kankana. Abin da kawai bai kamata a ba shi nutria ba shine beets mai zaki: saboda wasu dalilai, beraye sun sanya guba da shi kuma har ma sun mutu.
Dabbobin, a cewar masu sa ido, suna cin abincin da aka hada da abinci mai daɗi sosai: suna fasa yanki da ƙafafunsu, suna rufe idanunsu suna yin nishi da annashuwa lokacin da suka aika da abincin a bakinsu.
Mahimmanci!Dabbobi da wuya su yi rashin lafiya, amma wannan ba ya rage wa mai shi nauyin da ke kansa na yi musu allurar rigakafi a kan lokaci da kuma tsaftace aviary.
Sau da yawa, nutria (tare da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano da tsada, gami da fur mai ƙima) ya juya daga sha'awa zuwa cikin babbar hanyar samun kuɗin shiga ba ta mutum ɗaya kawai ba, har ma ga dukkan dangi.
