Amai, ko shuɗin whale, shine mafi girma kuma mafi nauyin dabbobi masu rai a kowane lokaci kuma yana rayuwa sau ɗaya a duniya. Wannan mazaunin cikin teku yana da sunaye da yawa - shuɗin whale, da kuma babban minke na arewa da mai rawaya.
Bayani, bayyanar
Bluval ƙirar jinƙai ne daga babban gidan kakannin dabbobi... Whale mai girma ya girma har zuwa mita 33 kuma yana da nauyin sama da tan 150. Ta hanyar layin ruwa, bayan dabbar ya yi haske shudi, wanda ya tabbatar da babban sunan sa.
Fata da launi
Jikin kifin whale, wanda aka kawata shi da kayan marmara da wuraren toka mai haske, yayi kama da launin toka mai duhu tare da ɗan ƙaramin shuɗi mai shuɗi. Spotting ya fi bayyana a ciki da bayan jiki, amma ƙasa da baya da kuma a gaba. An ma santa, an ga launin monochrome a kan kai, ƙugu da ƙananan muƙamuƙi, kuma yawanci ana zana cikin ciki rawaya ko mustard.
Idan ba don doguwar raunin a ciki da maƙogwaro ba (daga 70 zuwa 114), ana iya kiran fatar da ta amai gaba ɗaya sumul Fuskokin fata sau da yawa mahaukaci ne (wani rukuni na ɓawon burodi) ke mamaye su: ƙirar ƙirar whale da barnacles, waɗanda ke dulmuya kwansonsu kai tsaye cikin epidermis. Zagaye-tsalle da tsalle-tsalle suna kutsawa cikin bakin kifi whale, suna daidaitawa akan whalebone.
Isowa ga filayen ciyarwar, shuɗin whale ɗin ya sami sabbin "baƙi", diatoms, suna lulluɓe jikinshi. A cikin ruwan dumi, wannan ciyayi ya ɓace.
Girma, fasalin tsarin
Shuɗin whale an gina shi daidai gwargwado kuma yana da madaidaiciyar jiki.... A kan kai mai siffar takalmin dawakai tare da gefuna mai mahimmaci zuwa ga tarnaƙi, akwai ƙananan (a kan bayan jikin) idanun santimita 10. Suna nan kusa da bayan layin bakin. Jawananan muƙamuƙin da ya lanƙwasa ga tarnaƙi suna zuwa gaba (15-30 cm) tare da rufaffiyar baki. Numfashi (ramin da whale yake shaƙa) ana kiyaye shi ta abin birgima da ke guduwa zuwa cikin dutsen.
Finarshen wutsiya shine rubu'in tsawon jiki. Insuntataccen fins na fika yana nuna kuma kunkuntar, yayin da ƙaramar ƙwanƙolin ƙafa (30 cm a tsayi) na iya zama daban-daban tsari.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A cikin bakin kifi whale za a sami ɗaki na 24 sq. m., diamita na aorta yana kama da diamita na matsakaicin guga, kuma ƙarar huhun yakai mita huɗu 14. mita. Launin mai ya kai cm 20. Amai yana da jini tan 10, zuciya tana da nauyin 600-700, hanta tana da nauyin tan, kuma harshe ya fi hanta ninki uku.
Whalebone
A cikin bakin kifi whale, akwai faranti na whalebone 280 zuwa 420, waɗanda suke da zurfin baƙi kuma sun ƙunshi keratin. Faɗin faranti (nau'in haƙoran whale) yana da 28-30 cm, tsayinsa ya kai 0.6-1, kuma nauyin ya kusan kilogram 150.
Faranti, wanda aka sanya su a saman muƙamuƙin, suna aiki azaman kayan aikin tacewa kuma suna ƙarewa da ɗanɗano, wanda aka tsara don adana babban abincin amai - ƙananan ɓawon burodi.
Kafin ƙirƙirar filastik, whalebone ya kasance mai buƙata tsakanin masu fataucin kayan bushe. Anyi amfani da faranti masu ƙarfi kuma a lokaci guda don kera:
- goge da goge;
- karar sigari;
- allurai na saka don laima;
- kayayyakin wicker;
- kayan ado don kayan daki;
- reeds da fans;
- maballin;
- cikakkun bayanai game da tufafi, gami da corsets.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Kusan kilogram na whalebone ya tafi corset na tsohuwar fashionista.
Alamar murya, sadarwa
Amai yana amfani da babbar muryarsa don sadarwa tare da masu ɗauka... Mitar sautin da wuya ya wuce 50 Hz, amma galibi ana samunsa a cikin zangon 8-20 Hz, halayyar infrasound.
Bulu whale galibi yana amfani da sigina mai ƙarfi a lokacin ƙaura, yana aika su zuwa ga maƙwabcinsa, wanda galibi ke iyo a nesa da kilomita da yawa.
Masanan kimiyyar kifin Amurka wadanda suka yi aiki a Antarctica sun gano cewa 'yan kifin kifi sun sami sigina daga danginsu, wadanda ke kusan kilomita 33 daga gare su.
Wasu masu binciken sun ba da rahoton cewa kiran bluy (tare da karfin zartarwa na 189) a nisan kilomita 200, kilomita 400 da kilomita 1600.
Tsawon rayuwa
Babu ingantaccen ra'ayi kan wannan al'amari, tunda masu ilimin keto ba su fahimci wannan batun sosai ba. Hanyoyi daban-daban suna ba da adadi daban-daban, tun daga shekaru 40 (a cikin ɗakunan shanun shudayen da ke zaune a gabar Tekun St. Lawrence) kuma sun ƙare da shekaru 80-90. Dangane da bayanan da ba a tantance ba, mafi yawan amai ya rayu shekaru 110.
Tabbatarwa kai tsaye na tsawon rayuwar shuƙunkunan shudayen shuke-shuke ana ɗaukarsu tsawon ƙarni ɗaya (shekaru 31), daga inda suke farawa lokacin lissafin tasirin adadin shuɗin whales.
Wananan raƙuman ruwa na whale
Babu su da yawa, sai uku:
- dodo;
- kudu;
- arewa.
Iri daban-daban sun bambanta kaɗan da juna a cikin ilmin jikin mutum da girma... Wasu masana ilimin keto sun gano nau'ikan ragi na huɗu - blue whale na Indiya, wanda ke zaune a arewacin yankin Tekun Indiya.
Ana samun nau'ikan dwarf din, a matsayin ƙa'ida, a cikin tekuna masu zafi, yayin da na kudu da na arewa ana samunsu a cikin ruwan polar mai sanyi. Duk ƙananan kamfanoni suna jagorantar irin wannan salon - suna kiyaye ɗayan ɗaya, da wuya su haɗu a ƙananan kamfanoni.
Whale salon
Dangane da asalin sauran kakannin dabbobi, shuɗin whale yana kama da angaro: amai baya ɓata cikin garken garken dabbobi, yana fifita rayuwa ta keɓewa kuma lokaci-lokaci yana samun kusanci da dangi 2-3.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Tare da wadataccen abinci, kifayen kifayen suna tara abubuwa masu ban sha'awa (mutane 50-60 kowane), wanda ya ƙunshi ƙananan "ƙananan rarrabuwa" da yawa. Amma a cikin rukuni, suna nuna ɓataccen hali.
Ba a fahimci ayyukan amai a cikin duhu ba sosai. Amma, kuna yin la'akari da halayyar whales a gefen tekun California (ba sa iyo a dare), ana iya danganta su ga dabbobi masu shayarwa da ke jagorancin rayuwar yau da kullun.
Har ila yau, masana ilimin keto sun lura cewa shuɗin whale bai kai sauran sauran manyan dabbobin ni'imar motsa jiki ba. Idan aka kwatanta shi da sauran nimble minke whales, ya yi amai da rauni da hankali.
Motsi, nutsuwa, numfashi
Yawan numfashi na minke whales da amai, musamman, ya dogara da shekarunsu da girmansu. Yaran dabbobi suna yawan numfashi sama da manya. Idan whale ya huce, yana numfasawa da fita sau 1-4 a minti daya. A cikin shuɗin whale mai gudu daga haɗari, numfashi yana saurin zuwa sau 3-6 a minti ɗaya.
Amai na kiwo yana tafiya a hankali, ya kasance a ƙarkashin ruwa har tsawon minti 10. Kafin ya dade a nutse, sai ya saki wata babbar maɓuɓɓugar ruwa ya shaka sosai. Wannan yana biyo bayan jerin tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin 10-12 da zurfin zurfafa. Yana ɗaukar sakan 6-7 kafin ya fito kuma daga 15 zuwa 40 sakan don zurfin nutsuwa: a wannan lokacin, amai ya rinjayi mita 40-50.
Whale yana yin ruwa mai tsayi sosai: na farko, bayan tashi daga zurfin, kuma na biyun - kafin yin nutsuwa mafi tsayi.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Maɓuɓɓugar da shuɗin whale ya saki yayi kama da babban shafi ko kuma mazugi mai tsayin mita 10 wanda ya faɗaɗa zuwa sama.
Whale na iya nutsewa ta hanyoyi biyu.
- Na farko. Dabbar ta dan lankwasa jiki, ta nuna a madadin rawanin kai tare da busawa, da fadi mai fadi, sannan kuma dorsal fin da caudal peduncle.
- Na biyu. Whale yana kaɗa jikin mutum sosai yayin da aka karkata shi don a nuna gefen sama na ƙwanƙolin ƙafafun kafa. Tare da wannan nutsewa, ana iya ganin fin fin bayan lokacin da kai, tare da gaban baya, suka ɓace a ƙarƙashin ruwa. Lokacin da aka ɗaga baka na ƙwanƙwasa zuwa mafi ƙarancin ruwa, ƙarshen ƙwanƙolin ya kasance a mafi girman wurin. Arc ɗin a hankali yake miƙewa, ya zama ƙasa, kuma kifin ya shiga cikin layin ruwa ba tare da "haskaka" ruwan wutsiyarsa ba.
Amai na ciyarwa yana iyo a saurin 11-15 km / h, kuma wanda ya firgita ya hanzarta zuwa 33-40 km / h. Amma zai iya tsayayya da irin wannan saurin ba fiye da fewan mintoci kaɗan.
Abinci, menene shuɗin whale yake ci
Bluval yana cin plankton, yana mai da hankali kan krill - ƙananan crustaceans (har zuwa 6 cm) daga umarnin euphausiaceae. A cikin wurare daban-daban, whale ya zaɓi nau'in 1-2 na ɓawon burodi waɗanda suke da daɗi musamman ga kansu.
Yawancin masu ilimin keto sun gaskata cewa kifin da ke cikin menu na Babban Arewacin Whale ya gamu da haɗari: ya haɗiye shi tare da plankton.
Wasu masana ilimin halitta sun tabbata cewa shuɗin whale ya mai da hankalinsa ga matsakaitan sikeli da ƙananan kifaye na makaranta lokacin da babu tarin yawa na ɓawon burodi na planktonic a kusa.
A cikin ciki, har zuwa tarin amai da aka koshi, daga tan 1 zuwa 1.5 na abinci za'a iya sauka.
Kiwan shuɗin whale na kiwo
An tabbatar da auren mace daya da amai ta tsawon lokacin daurin aure da kuma amincin namiji, wanda a koyaushe yake kusantar budurwarsa kuma baya barin ta a cikin mawuyacin yanayi.
Kowace shekara biyu (galibi a cikin hunturu), ana haihuwar ɗiya 1 a cikin miji, wanda mace ke ɗauke da shi na kimanin watanni 11. Mahaifiyar tana ciyar da shi da madara (34-50% mai) na kimanin watanni 7: a wannan lokacin, jaririn ya sami nauyin tan 23 kuma ya kai tsawon mita 16 a tsayi.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Tare da ciyar da madara (lita 90 na madara a kowace rana), maraƙin yau da kullun yana da nauyin kilogram 80-100 kuma yana girma da fiye da cm 4. A wannan ƙimar, daga shekara ɗaya da rabi tare da ƙaruwa na mita 20, yana da nauyin tan 45-50.
Haihuwa a cikin amai ya fara ne daga shekara 4-5 da haihuwa: a wannan lokacin, yarinyar mace tana girma har zuwa mita 23. Amma ƙwarewar jiki ta ƙarshe, kamar cikar kifin kifi (mita 26-27), ya bayyana ne kawai daga shekara 14-15.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Lokaci ya shude lokacin da shuɗin kifi ya rinka dunƙulewa cikin faɗin kogin duniya duka. A zamaninmu, yankin amai yanki ne kuma ya faɗi ne daga Tekun Chukchi da gabar Greenland, a ƙetaren Novaya Zemlya da Spitsbergen zuwa Antarctic. Babban mahimmin whale na arewa, baƙon da ba kasafai yake zuwa yankin na wurare masu zafi ba, masu kwanciyar hankali a cikin dumi na arewacin Hemisphere (kusa da Taiwan, kudancin Japan, Mexico, California, Arewacin Afirka da Caribbean), da kuma Kudancin Hemisphere (kusa da Australia, Ecuador, Peru, Madagascar da Kudu Afirka).
A lokacin bazara, shuɗin whale ya tsaya a cikin ruwan Tekun Atlantika ta Arewa, Antarctica, da Chukchi da kuma Tekun Bering.
Blue whale da mutum
Abincin ganima na masana'antu ya yi amai kusan bai faru ba har zuwa shekarun 60 na karnin da ya gabata saboda lalatattun makamai na kama kifi: an kama whale da harpoon hannu da kuma daga buɗe jiragen ruwa. Yawan kisan dabbobi ya fara ne a 1868, bayan ƙirƙirar igiyar harbo.
Bayan karshen yakin duniya na farko, farautar kifin whale ya zama ya fi mai da hankali da wayewa saboda dalilai biyu: na farko, kamun kifin ya kai wani sabon matakin aikin injiniya, kuma, na biyu, ya zama dole a nemi sabon mai samar da whalebone da kitse, tunda yawan jama'ar whale ya ragu sosai.
Kimanin 325,000-360,000 blue whales aka kashe a bakin tekun Antarctic shi kaɗai a cikin waɗannan shekarun, amma an hana cin abincinsu ne kawai a cikin 1966.
Sanannen abu ne na ƙarshe na cutar amai ba bisa ka'ida ba a rubuce a 1978.
Matsayin yawan jama'a
Bayanai kan adadin farko na shuɗin whales sun bambanta: adadi biyu sun bayyana - dabbobi dubu 215 da dubu 350... Babu wani ra'ayi daya game da kimantawar dabbobin yanzu. A cikin 1984, jama'a sun fahimci cewa kusan game da blues dubu 1.9 suna zaune a Arewacin Hemisphere, kuma game da dubu 10 a Kudancin Hemisphere, rabi daga cikinsu ƙananan raƙuman ruwa ne.
A yanzu, ƙididdigar ta canza ɗan ɗan. Wasu masana ketologists sunyi imanin cewa daga dubu 1.3 zuwa 2 dubu shudayen ruwa suna rayuwa a duniya, yayin da masu adawa da su ke aiki da lambobi daban-daban: mutane dubu 3-4 ne ke zaune a Arewacin andasar da kuma dubu 5-10 - Kudancin.
Idan babu barazanar kai tsaye ga yawan jama'ar da suka tofa, akwai mawuyacin haɗari kai tsaye:
- raga (har zuwa kilomita 5) raga mai santsi;
- rikice-rikice na teku tare da jiragen ruwa;
- gurɓatar teku;
- muryar muryar ta amayar da hayaniyar jiragen ruwa.
Yawan ruwan shudayen shuɗi yana farfaɗowa, amma a hankali a hankali. Masana ilimin keto sun ji tsoron cewa shuɗin whale ba zai taɓa komawa zuwa lambobinsu na asali ba.
