Axolotl (Latin Ambystoma mexicanum) shine ɗayan kyawawan dabbobin da zaku iya samu a cikin akwatin kifaye. Yana da tsutsa mai salamander neotenic, wanda ke nufin cewa ya isa balagar jima'i ba tare da ya zama baligi ba.
Axolotl dodanni suna zaune a Lakes Xochimilco da Chalco a Mexico, duk da haka, sakamakon saurin birni, zangon yana ta raguwa.
Abin farin ciki, suna da sauƙin hayayyafa cikin kamammu, ƙari kuma, suna da darajar kimiya saboda abubuwan da suka bambanta su, suna iya sabunta ƙyallen ciki, wutsiya har ma da gabobin jiki.
Nazarin wannan fasalin ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa akwai da yawa daga cikinsu a cikin fursuna, kuma yawancin launuka masu launi suna samo asali.
Rayuwa a cikin yanayi
Asalin axolotls shine tsohuwar tsarin hanyoyin magudanan ruwa da tabkuna a cikin garin Mexico. Duk rayuwarsu suna rayuwa ne a cikin ruwa, ba sa zuwa ƙasa. Sun fi son wurare masu zurfi a cikin magudanan ruwa da tafkuna, tare da yawan ciyawar ruwa, saboda sun dogara da shuke-shuke na cikin ruwa.
Yayinda ake hayayyafa, suna hada kwai ga shuke-shuke na cikin ruwa sannan kuma suyi takin. Tafkin Xochimilco sananne ne ga lambuna masu lanƙyama ko chinampas, da mahimmanci filayen ƙasa tsakanin magudanan ruwa inda mazauna yankin ke noman kayan lambu da furanni. Axolotls suna rayuwa a cikin wannan tsohon tsarin hanyoyin ban ruwa da tabkuna.
Af, fassara daga tsoffin yaren Aztec, axolotl na nufin dodo mai ruwa. Kafin mamayar Spain, Aztec suka ci su, an ɗauki naman magani ne kuma an ɗanɗana shi kamar na ƙira.
An lasafta Axolotls a cikin Red Book a matsayin jinsin amphibian da ke cikin hatsari. Tunda mazauninsu yakai murabba'in kilomita 10, kuma shima ya warwatse sosai, yana da wahala a iya tantance ainihin adadin mutanen dake rayuwa a cikin halitta.
Bayani
Axolotls sune larvae ambistoma da aka samo kawai a cikin Meziko, a tsayin mita 2,290 sama da matakin teku. Yana da salamander mai kayatarwa, yawanci 90 zuwa 350 mm daga doguwa zuwa ƙarshen muzzle.
Maza yawanci sun fi mata girma, saboda doguwar jela. Ambistomas sun wanzu ta sifofi guda biyu: neotenic (ainihin axolotl din kanta, a cikin wata tsutsa wacce ke rayuwa a cikin ruwa kuma tana da kwazazzabo na waje) da na duniya, cikakke ne tare da ƙananan gill.
Jima'i axolotl na jima'i na iya zuwa tsawon 450 mm, amma yawanci kusan 230 mm ne, kuma mutanen da suka fi 300 mm girma ba su da yawa. Axolotls yayi girma sosai fiye da sauran ƙwayoyin salamander na neotenic, kuma suna kaiwa ga balaga yayin jima'i yayin da suke cikin larva.
Halin halayyar bayyanar shine manyan kwalliyar waje, a cikin tsari na matakai uku a ɓangarorin kai. Suna da ƙananan hakora, amma suna riƙe da ganima, kuma ba raba ta ba.
Launin jiki ya fara daga fari zuwa baƙi, haɗe da nau'ikan launin toka, launin ruwan kasa da launin ruwan kasa. Koyaya, axolotls na inuwar haske ba safai ake samunsu a cikin yanayi ba, saboda sunfi zama sanannu da rauni.
Yaya tsawon lokacin axolotl yake rayuwa? Tsammani na rayuwa ya kai shekaru 20, amma matsakaita ya kai shekaru 10 a tsare.
Wahala cikin abun ciki
Yana da matukar wahala a kiyaye axolotls a gida, akwai lokutan da suke da tasirin gaske game da ran rayuwa a cikin fursuna. Na farko kuma mafi mahimmanci shine zafin jiki.
Axolotls sune amphibians masu ruwa-sanyi kuma yanayin ƙarancin yanayi yana damun su. Da alama baƙon cewa su 'yan asalin ƙasar Meziko ne kuma ba za su iya jure yanayin zafi ba. A hakikanin gaskiya, mazauninsu yana a wani tsawan mai tsayi, kuma yanayin zafin da yake can yayi kasa da na sauran sassan kasar.
Yanayin ruwa na 24 ° C zuwa sama bashi da matukar wahala ga axolotl kuma, idan aka kiyaye shi na dogon lokaci, zai haifar da rashin lafiya da mutuwa. Matsayi mai kyau don kiyayewa yana ƙasa da 21 ° C, kuma 21-23 ° C yana da iyaka, amma har yanzu ana iya haƙurinsa. Mafi girman zazzabin ruwa, ƙarancin iskar oxygen da yake dauke da shi. Don haka dumi ruwa a cikin akwatin kifaye, mahimmin yanayi shine kiyaye axolotl. Yana da mahimmanci a yanayin zafi kusa da kan iyaka, saboda yana shafar haƙuri.
Idan baza ku iya ajiye axolotl a cikin ruwan sanyi ba, to kuyi tunani mai kyau game da farawa!
Wani mahimmin mahimmanci wanda yawanci ba a raina shi ba ne. A mafi yawan akwatinan ruwa, launi, girma da sifar substrate batun ɗanɗano ne ga mai shi, amma yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye axolotl.
Misali, akwatinan ruwa ba tare da ƙasa ba suna da matukar damuwa ga axolotl, tunda ba shi da abin kamawa da shi. Wannan yana haifar da damuwa mai mahimmanci kuma har ma yana iya haifar da rauni a kan ƙafafun kafa.
Dutse ma ajizi ne, saboda yana da sauƙi haɗiye, kuma axolotls galibi suna yin wannan. Wannan yakan haifar da toshewar hanji da kuma mutuwar salamander.
Matsayin mafi dacewa don axolotl shine yashi. Ba ya toshe hanyar narkewar abinci, har ma a cikin matasa, kuma yana ba su damar yin rarrafe tare da ƙasan akwatin kifaye, tun da sauƙi suna manne da shi.
Karfinsu
Karfinsu muhimmiyar magana ce ta kula da kowane mazaunin akwatin kifaye, tambayar da aka karya kofe da yawa, kuma axolotls ba banda bane. Koyaya, yawancin masu mallaka suna ajiye su daban kuma saboda waɗannan dalilai.
Na farkoHanyoyin halayyar axolotl na waje suna sanya su cikin haɗarin kamun kifi. Koda nutsuwa da raunin jinsunan kifaye ba zasu iya tsayayya da jarabar ƙoƙarin cizon su ba, kuma sakamakon haka, ɓatattun ɓangarorin sun kasance daga ayyukan marmari.
Abu na biyu, axolotls suna aiki da dare kuma kifin bacci, bi da bi, ya zama mai sauƙi a gare su. Kusan ba zai yuwu a sami tsaka-tsakin tsakanin girman (don kada a cinye kifin ba) da kuma tashin hankali (don kada axolotl din kansa ya wahala).
Amma, akwai banda ga kowace doka wacce zata baka damar kiyaye axolotls tare da kifi. Kuma wannan banbancin shine kifin zinare. Suna da jinkiri sosai, kuma idan sun ƙoshi sosai, yawancinsu ma baza suyi ƙoƙarin bin axolotl ba.
Aan kaɗan kawai za su gwada, za su sami ciwo mai raɗaɗi kuma su kaurace. Bugu da kari, kiyaye kifin zinare yana buƙatar ƙarancin zafin jiki na ruwa, yana sanya su kyakkyawan zaɓi.
Duk da haka, hanya mafi aminci shine kiyaye axolotl daban, tare da ɗayan tanki. Gaskiyar ita ce suna haifar da haɗari ga juna, matasa da ƙananan axolotls suna fama da tsofaffi da manya kuma suna iya rasa gaɓoɓi ko ma a ci su.
Yawan mutane yana haifar da sakamako iri ɗaya yayin da mutum mafi girma ya kashe ƙarami. Yana da mahimmanci a kiyaye mutane masu girman kansu ɗaya kawai a cikin akwatin kifaye mai faɗi.
Ciyarwa
Menene axolotl yake ci? Abincin kawai ya isa, kamar yadda axolotls masu farauta ne kuma sun fi son abincin dabbobi. Girman abinci da nau'in abincin ya dogara da mutum, alal misali, suna cin abinci mai nutsarwa don kifin farauta, ana samunsu da kayan kwalli ko alluna.
Bugu da kari, masu mallakar suna ba da kayan cinya na kifin, naman katanga, yankakken tsutsotsi, naman mussel, abinci mai daskarewa, kifin mai rai. Gaskiya ne, yakamata a guji na biyun, tunda suna iya ɗaukar cuta, kuma asholotls suna da ƙaddara sosai a kansu.
Dokokin ciyarwa daidai suke da na kifi - ba za ku iya wuce gona da iri a cikin akwatin kifaye ba, tunda irin wannan abincin nan da nan ya ruɓe kuma nan da nan ya ɓata ruwan.
Ba shi yiwuwa a yi amfani da naman dabbobi kamar abinci, tunda furotin a cikin axolotl ciki ba zai iya narkewa ba.
Adana cikin akwatin kifaye
Yin ado da tanada tanki axolotl lamari ne na dandano, amma akwai 'yan mahimman bayanai da za a yi la'akari da su. Ana iya adana yara da ƙananan axolotls a cikin akwatin ruwa na lita 50.
Manya suna buƙatar ƙarin ƙarfi, lita 100 aƙalla axolotls ɗaya ko biyu. Idan zaku ƙunshi fiye da biyu, to ku dogara da lita 50-80 na ƙarin ƙara ga kowane mutum.
Smallananan matsuguni, haske mai haske zai cutar da lafiya, tunda axolotls mazaunan dare ne. Duk wani abu ya dace da wuraren ɓoye: itace, manyan duwatsu, duwatsu masu yumbu don kiyaye cichlids, tukwane, kwakwa da sauran abubuwa.
Babban abin shine duk wani kayan ado a cikin akwatin kifaye yakamata ya zama ba shi da kaifi masu kaifi da burrs, saboda wannan na iya haifar da rauni a kan kyakkyawar fata na salamanders na Mexico. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci cewa yawan matsugunan sun fi na mutane yawa a cikin akwatin kifaye, ya kamata su sami zaɓi.
Wannan zai basu damar gujewa juna, kuma za ku sami ciwon kai, tunda rikice-rikice na haifar da yanke kafafu, raunuka ko ma mutuwa.
Tacewar ruwa ya ɗan bambanta da abin da kifin akwatin kifaye ke buƙata. Axolotls sun fi son tafiyar hawainiya kuma matattara mai ƙarfi wanda ke haifar da kwararar ruwa zai zama mai sanya damuwa.
A dabi'ance, tsarkin ruwa yana da mahimmanci, saboda haka kuna buƙatar zaɓar tsakiya, tsakanin iko da inganci. Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine matattarar cikin ciki tare da kayan wanki, tunda tana da ƙarfi sosai, amma baya haifar da ƙarfi irin wannan, kuma yana ɗan ɗan faɗan kaɗan.
Ruwa yana canzawa bisa ka'ida daya da ta kifi, sauye-sauyen mako-mako. Kawai a cikin yanayin axolotls, kuna buƙatar saka idanu akan sifofin ruwa har ma da hankali, tunda sun fi girma, suna cin abinci mai gina jiki kuma suna da tsabtar tsabta a cikin akwatin kifaye.
Yana da mahimmanci kada a cika cin abinci da cire tarkacen abinci.
Axolotls kusan ba shi da ƙasusuwa, musamman ma matasa. Mafi yawan kwarangwal dinsu an yi su ne da gabobin jiki, kuma fatarsu siririya ce kuma mara kyau. Don haka ba a ba da shawarar a taɓa su sai dai in da larura.
Idan kuna buƙatar kama wannan salamander, yi amfani da raga mai laushi, mai taushi tare da ƙananan laushi, ko gilashi ko kwandon roba.
Launi
Zaɓin siffofin launi a cikin axolotls yana da ban sha'awa. A cikin yanayi, yawanci suna launin ruwan kasa masu duhu tare da launin toka ko baƙi. Amma kuma akwai siffofin launuka masu haske, tare da tabo daban-daban a jiki.
Mafi shahararru a cikin yan koyo shine albinos, wanda yazo da launuka biyu - fari da zinare. White farin zabiya ne mai jajayen idanu, kuma axolotl na zinariya yayi kama da shi, ɗigon zinare ne kawai ke tafiya a jiki.
A zahiri, akwai zaɓuɓɓuka daban-daban, kuma sababbi suna bayyana koyaushe. Misali, kwanan nan masana kimiyya sun hayayyafa tare da koren furotin mai kyalli. Wadannan launuka suna haske tare da launi mai kyalli a ƙarƙashin fitilu na musamman.
Sake haifuwa
Kiwo axolotls mai sauki ne. Ana iya bambanta mace da namiji ta hanyar cloaca, a cikin namijin yana fitowa kuma yana da kyau, kuma a cikin mace yana da santsi da rashin sanarwa.
Abinda ke haifar da kiwo shine canjin yanayin zafin jiki a duk shekara, kuma idan an ajiye axolotls a cikin ɗaki inda zafin jikin bai tsaya ba, to komai yana faruwa da kansa.
Hakanan zaka iya ƙarfafa kiwo da kanka ta hanyar rage tsawon lokutan hasken rana da ɗan ƙara zafin ruwan. Sa'an nan kuma ƙara rana da sake rage zafin jiki. Wasu mutane sun fi son sanya namiji da mace daban, sannan sanya su a cikin akwatin kifaye ɗaya, tare da ruwan sanyi.
Lokacin da wasannin farko suka fara, namiji yana sakin kwayar halittar maniyyi, kananan dunkulen maniyyi da mace ke tarawa ta cikin cloaca. Daga baya, za ta sanya ƙwanan da suka haɗu a kan tsire-tsire, duk da haka, idan ba ku da su, to za ku iya amfani da na roba.
Bayan wannan, ana iya sanya furodusan ko canjawa wuri zuwa akwatin kifaye daban. Qwai za su kyankyashe a cikin makonni biyu ko uku ya danganta da yanayin zafin ruwan kuma tsutsa tana kama da soyayyen kifi.
Abincin farawa a gare su shine Artemia nauplii, Daphnia, da microworm. Yayin da yake girma, girman abincin yana ƙaruwa kuma ana canza shi don ciyarwa don axolotls na manya.
