Geophaguses suna jawo hankalin masoya da yawa na cichlid. Sun bambanta da girma, launi, halayya da yanayin rayuwa. A dabi'a, geophaguses suna rayuwa a cikin kowane nau'in ruwa a Kudancin Amurka, suna rayuwa ne a cikin koguna tare da raƙuman ruwa mai ƙarfi da ruwa mai tsafta, a bayyane da kusan ruwan baƙi, a cikin ruwan sanyi da dumi. A cikin wasu zafin jiki ya sauka zuwa 10 ° C da daddare!
Idan aka ba da irin waɗannan nau'ikan a cikin mahalli, kusan kowane jinsi yana da halaye irin nasa waɗanda suka banbanta shi da sauran jinsi.
Gabaɗaya, geophagus babban kifi ne, girman girmansa yakai cm 30, amma matsakaita ya bambanta tsakanin 10 da 12 cm. Iyalan geophagus sun ƙunshi zuriya: Acarichthys, Biotodoma, Geophagus, Guianacara, Gymnogeophagus, da Satanoperca. A baya ma, an hadar da jinsin Retroculus.
Kalmar Geophagus ta ƙunshi tushen Girkanci Geo Earth da phagus, wanda ana iya fassara shi azaman mai cin duniya.
Wannan kalma tana kwatanta kifi daidai, yayin da suke ɗebo ƙasa a bakinsu, sa'annan su sake ta ta cikin kwazazzabai, don haka zaɓi duk abin da ake ci.
Adana cikin akwatin kifaye
Abu mafi mahimmanci a kiyaye geophaguses shine tsarkin ruwa da madaidaicin zaɓi na ƙasa. Canjin ruwa na yau da kullun da matattara mai ƙarfi sun zama dole don tsabtace akwatin kifaye da yashi ta yadda geophagus zai iya fahimtar halayensu.
La'akari da cewa suna tona ƙasa ba tare da gajiyawa ba a cikin wannan ƙasa, ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba don tabbatar da tsabtataccen ruwa, kuma matattarar waje ta ikon gaskiya dole ce.
Koyaya, a nan har yanzu kuna buƙatar kallon takamaiman nau'in da ke zaune a cikin akwatin kifaye, tunda ba kowane mutum yake son mai ƙarfi ba.
Misali, geophagus Biotodoma da Satanoperca, suna rayuwa a cikin ruwa mai natsuwa kuma sun fi son raunin mai ƙarfi, yayin da Guianacara, akasin haka, a cikin rafuka da koguna masu ƙarfi.
Galibi suna son ruwan ɗumi (ban da Gymnogeophagus), don haka ana buƙatar mai ɗumama.
Za'a iya zaɓar walƙiya dangane da tsire-tsire, amma a gaba ɗaya geophagus ya fi son inuwa. Sun yi kyau sosai a cikin akwatin kifaye waɗanda suke kwaikwayon tsarin rayuwar ɗan Adam na Kudancin Amurka.
Driftwood, rassan, ganyen da suka faɗi, manyan duwatsu ba kawai zasu ƙawata akwatin kifaye ba, amma kuma zasu sanya shi jin daɗin geophagus. Misali, itacen dituwa ba wai kawai samar da mafaka ne ga kifi ba, har ma yana sakin tannins a cikin ruwa, yana mai da shi ruwan acid da kusanci da sigogin halitta.
Hakanan za'a iya fada ga busassun ganye. Kuma biotope yayi kyau sosai a wannan yanayin.
Sauran nau'ikan kifayen da ke zaune a Kudancin Amurka zasu zama maƙwabta masu kyau na geophaguses. Misali, manyan nau'o'in cichlids da kifin kifi (farfajiyoyi daban-daban da tarakatum).
Zai fi kyau a adana geophagus a rukunin mutane 5 zuwa 15. A cikin irin wannan garken, suna da kwarin gwiwa, suna da himma, suna da nasu matsayin a cikin garken, kuma damar samun nasarar kiwo tana karuwa sosai.
Na dabam, dole ne a faɗi game da kiyaye tsire-tsire tare da kifin akwatin kifaye na geophagus. Kamar yadda zaku iya tsammani, a cikin akwatin kifaye inda ake tauna ƙasa koyaushe kuma dregs ya tashi, yana da wuya su rayu.
Kuna iya dasa nau'ikan daɗaɗɗen ƙwayoyi kamar su Anubias ko moss na Javanese, ko manyan bishiyoyin Echinodorus da Cryptocoryne a cikin tukwane.
Koyaya, hatta manyan kararraki an tona su kuma suna shawagi, tunda kifaye sukan haƙa cikin daji da kuma ƙarƙashin tushen shuke-shuke.
Ciyarwa
A dabi'a, abincin geophaguses kai tsaye ya dogara da mazauninsu. Yawanci suna cin ƙananan kwari, 'ya'yan itacen da suka faɗo cikin ruwa, da kuma tsutsa iri daban-daban na cikin ruwa.
A cikin akwatin kifaye, suna buƙatar fiber da yawa da chitin don sashin narkewar su suyi aiki daidai.
Baya ga abinci iri-iri da daskarewa, kuna kuma buƙatar ba da kayan lambu - ganyen latas, alayyaho, kokwamba, zucchini.
Hakanan zaka iya amfani da abincin da ke cikin ƙwayoyin tsire-tsire, kamar su Malawian cichlid pellets.
Bayani
Geophagus babban nau'in halitta ne, kuma ya haɗa da kifaye da yawa na siffofi da launuka daban-daban. Babban bambanci tsakanin kifi shine siffar kai, mai ɗan kaɗan, tare da manyan idanu.
Jiki a matse yake a bayyane, mai ƙarfi, an rufe shi da launuka daban-daban da siffofi. Zuwa yau, fiye da nau'ikan 20 na nau'ikan geophaguses an bayyana su, kuma kowace shekara ana sabunta wannan jeri tare da sababbin nau'in.
Membobin dangi sun yadu ko'ina cikin yankin tekun Amazon (gami da Orinoco), inda suke rayuwa a cikin kowane irin ruwa.
Jinsunan da aka samo akan kasuwa yawanci basu wuce 12 cm ba, kamar Geophagus sp. jan kai Tapajos. Amma, akwai kifi da 25-30 cm kowane, kamar Geophagus altifrons da Geophagus proximus.
Suna jin mafi kyau a yanayin zafi na 26-28 ° C, pH 6.5-8, da taurin tsakanin 10 da 20 dGH.
Geophagus yana ƙyanƙyashe ƙwai a bakinsu, ɗayan iyayen ya ɗauki tsutsa a cikin bakinsu ya ɗauke su tsawon kwanaki 10-14. Toya ta bar bakin iyayen ne bayan an gama narkar da jakar kwai.
Bayan wannan, har yanzu suna ɓoye a cikin bakinsu idan akwai haɗari ko da daddare. Iyaye sun daina kula da soya bayan 'yan makonni, yawanci kafin sake haihuwa.
Red-kai geophagus
Geophagus mai jan kai yana ƙirƙirar rukunin daban, a cikin jinsi Geophagus. Wadannan sun hada da: Geophagus steindachneri, Geophagus crassilabris, da Geophagus pellegrini.
Sun sami sunan su ne don dunƙulen mai a goshi a cikin manya, mazan da suka manyanta, wanda ya zama ja. Bugu da ƙari, yana haɓaka ne kawai a cikin mazan da suka mamaye, kuma yayin ɓata shi ya zama mafi yawa.
Suna zaune a cikin tafki tare da yanayin ruwa daga 26 ° zuwa 30 ° C, mai laushi zuwa matsakaiciyar taushi, tare da pH na 6 - 7. Matsakaicin girman ya kai 25 cm, amma a cikin akwatinan ruwa galibi kanana ne.
Wadannan geophaguses ba za a iya ajiye su biyu-biyu ba, kawai a cikin kurege, halayyar su ta yi kama da cichlids na Afirka daga mbuna. Ba su da daɗi sosai kuma suna da sauƙin haifuwa, suna ɗauke da soya a baki.
Geophagus na Brazil
Wani rukuni kuma shi ne geophagus na Brazil, wanda aka laƙaba bayan mazauninsu a cikin yanayi. Waɗannan su ne irin waɗannan nau'ikan kamar: Geophagus iporangensis, Geophagus itapicuruensis, da Geophagus obscurus, Geophagus brasiliensis.
Suna zaune a gabas da kudu maso yammacin Brazil, a cikin tafkunan ruwa mai ƙarfi da rauni, amma galibi tare da ƙasa mai yashi.
Jikinsu baya matsewa ta gefe kamar yadda yake a wasu geophagus, idanun kanana ne, kuma bakin yana sama. Maza sun bambanta da mata sosai, maza sun fi girma, kuma kawunansu tare da dunkulen mai sun fi karkata. Hakanan maza suna da tsayi da tsayi da ƙyallen ƙarfe a gefuna.
Waɗannan manyan kifaye ne, misali, Geophagus brasiliensis na iya yin girma har zuwa 30 cm.
Geophaguses na Brazil suna rayuwa a cikin yanayi na sigogi daban-daban. Yanayin zafinsu ya fara daga 16 ° zuwa 30 ° C, taurin ruwa daga 5 zuwa 15, da pH daga 5 zuwa 7.
Kifi mai tayar da hankali, musamman a lokacin da ake ta ɓarna. Sake haifuwa ba misali bane ga duk masu son juzu'i. Mace tana samun wuri, galibi akan dutse ko asalin itaciya, ta tsaftace ta kuma sa ƙwai har 1000.
Tsuntsayen suna kyankyasar kwanar bayan kwana uku zuwa huɗu, bayan haka sai matar ta mayar da su ɗaya daga cikin ramin da aka tono a baya. Don haka za ta voye su har soya ta yi iyo. Iyaye suna kula da soya har tsawon makonni uku.
Bayan watanni 6-9, soyayyen ya kai kimanin 10 cm kuma zai iya haihuwa da kansu.
Gymneophagus
Gymneophagus (Gymnogeophagus spp.) Ruwa na ruwa na kudancin Brazil, gabashin Paraguay, Uruguay da arewacin Argentina, gami da tafkin La Plata.
Sun fi son jikin ruwa tare da raƙuman raƙuman ruwa kuma yawanci suna guje wa manyan koguna, suna motsawa daga babbar tashar zuwa ragi. Yawancin lokaci ana iya samun su a cikin raƙuman ruwa, raƙuman ruwa da rafuka.
A yanayi, yanayin zafin iska a cikin mazaunin hymneophagus yana saurin canzawa sosai cikin shekara, kuma a wasu yankuna zai iya zama 20 ° C. An rubuta yanayin zafi ko mafi ƙanƙanci, misali 8 ° C!
Zuwa yau, an bayyana yawancin nau'ikan rabe-raben hymneophagus, mafi mashahuri a cikin masanan ruwa shi ne geophagus balzanii gymnogeophagus balzanii.
An fifita waɗannan kifaye da launin launi mai haske da ƙarami kaɗan. Wasu daga cikinsu suna ƙyanƙyashe ƙwai a bakin, wasu kuma a kan kwai suka tofa a kan kwai.
Tsarin rayuwa
Geophagus Biotodoma ya zauna cikin nutsuwa, wurare masu tafiya a hankali a cikin Kogin Amazon. Akwai nau'ikan da aka bayyana guda biyu: Biotodoma wavrini da Biotodoma cupido.
Suna zaune kusa da rairayin bakin teku masu yashi ko ƙasa mai laka, suna yin iyo lokaci-lokaci a wurare tare da duwatsu, ganye ko asalinsu. Zafin ruwan yana daidaita kuma ya fara daga 27 zuwa 29 ° C.
Alamar biotode tana ɗauke da madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciya a guje ta cikin kwaɗaɗɗen idanu da ƙetare idanu.
Hakanan akwai babban ɗigon baƙin da ke kan layin gefe. Lebba ba na jiki ba ne, kuma bakin da kanshi karami ne, kamar na geophagus.
Waɗannan ƙananan kifi ne, tsayi zuwa 10 cm tsayi. Ingantattun sigogi don adana kwayar halittar geophagus sune: pH 5 - 6.5, zazzabi 28 ° C (82 ° F), da GH da ke ƙasa 10.
Suna da matukar damuwa da matakan nitrate a cikin ruwa, don haka canje-canje na ruwa mako-mako ya zama dole.
Amma, ba sa son mai ƙarfi, yana buƙatar amfani da sarewa idan an shigar da matattarar waje mai ƙarfi. An ɗora caviar a kan duwatsu ko busasshiyar itace.
Guianacara
Mafi yawan geianacara geophaguses suna ɓuya a cikin kunkuntar kogo, kuma ana samunsu a cikin kwararar ruwa a kudancin Venezuela da Guiana ta Faransa, da kuma a yankin Rio Branco.
A dabi'a, suna rayuwa ne a garken tumaki, amma sun kasance a haɗe biyu-biyu. Halin halayyar bayyanar su shine ratsi mai baƙar fata wanda ya faɗi zuwa gefen gefen gefen operculum, ya zama kusurwa baki a kan kuncin kifin.
Suna da babban martaba, amma babu haɗuwar mai. A halin yanzu an bayyana: G. geayi, G. oelemariensis, G. owroewefi, G. sphenozona, G. stergiosi, da G. cuyunii.
Satanoperk
Halin jinsi na Satanoperca ya kunshi shahararrun jinsunan S. jurupari, S. leucosticta, S. daemon, kuma, da yawa basu cika faruwa ba, S. pappaterra, S. lilith, da S. acuticeps.
Dogaro da jinsin, girman waɗannan kifin jeri daga 10 zuwa 30 cm a tsayi. Halin da aka saba dasu a gabansu shine kasancewar kasancewar baƙar ma'ana a gindi.
Suna zaune ne a cikin ruwa mai natsuwa a cikin Kogin Orinoco da na saman Rio Paraguay, haka kuma a cikin kogin Rio Negro da Rio Branco. Da safe suna kusantar bakin ƙafafun, inda suke haƙa cikin rami, yumbu, yashi mai kyau kuma su nemi abinci.
Da rana suna zuwa cikin zurfin ruwa, saboda suna tsoron tsuntsayen dabbobi masu farautar bin sawun kambi daga rawanin bishiyoyi, kuma da dare sai su koma cikin sandar ruwa, kasancewar lokacin kifin kifi mai farauta ya zo.
Piranhas sune maƙwabtansu na yau da kullun, saboda haka yawancin geophagus na nau'in halittar da aka kama a cikin yanayi suna da lahani a jikinsu da fincinsu.
Wasu nau'ikan, kamar su Satanoperca jurupari da Satanoperca leucosticta, sune mawuyacin cichlids kuma an fi kiyaye su da jinsin nutsuwa.
Suna buƙatar ruwa mai laushi, har zuwa 10 dGH, da zazzabi tsakanin 28 ° da 29 ° C. Satanoperca daemon, waɗanda suka fi wahalar kiyayewa, suna buƙatar ruwa mai laushi da ƙoshin ruwa. Sau da yawa wahala daga ciki kumburi da rami cuta.
Acarichthys
Jinsi Acarichthys ya ƙunshi wakili ɗaya kawai - Acarichthys heckelii. Tare da tsayin kusan 10 cm kawai, wannan kifin yana zaune a Rio Negro, Branco, Rupuni, inda ruwa mai pH kusan 6, taurin da ke ƙasa da digiri 10, da kuma zafin jiki na 20 ° zuwa 28 ° C.
Ba kamar sauran geophaguses ba, hackel yana da kunkuntar jiki da doguwar dorsal. Hakanan halayyar alama ce mai baƙar fata a tsakiyar jiki kuma layin tsaye ne na baƙi wanda yake ratsa idanuwa.
A kan doron ƙarshen ƙarancin, haskoki sun bunkasa zuwa filaye dogaye, sirara, launuka ja mai haske. A cikin kifin da ya balaga da jima’i, ɗigogi masu raɗaɗɗu suna bayyana akan operculum kai tsaye a ƙarƙashin idanu.
An rufe finafinan farji da na ɗigo da ɗigo-ɗigo masu haske, kuma jiki koren zaitun ne. A zahiri, akwai launuka daban-daban akan sayarwa, amma zuwa yanzu wannan ɗayan kyawawan kyawawan nau'ikan geophagus da aka samo akan siyarwa.
Kodayake Akarichtis Heckel ya girma zuwa matsayi mai kyau, yana da ƙaramin baki da lebe siriri. Wannan babban kifi ne mai zafin rai, dole ne a ajiye shi a cikin akwatin ruwa mai faɗi sosai, don mutane 5-6, tsayin aƙalla aƙalla 160 cm, tsayin 60 cm kuma faɗin aƙalla aƙalla cm 70. Ana iya kiyaye shi tare da sauran manyan cichlids ko geophagus.
A cikin yanayi, Heckels ya tsiro a cikin rami har tsawon mita, wanda suke haƙa cikin ƙasan yumbu. Abin baƙin cikin shine, waɗannan geophaguses suna da wahalar haihuwa a cikin akwatin kifaye na son, kuma sun balaga da jimawa, mata a shekaru biyu, da maza a shekaru uku.
Ana iya ba masu sa'a tare da shirye-shirye damar saka filastik ko bututun yumbu, tukunya ko wani abu a cikin akwatin kifaye wanda zai kwaikwayi rami.
Mace tana yin ƙwai har 2000, kuma ƙananan ƙanana. Malek shima karami ne, da koren ruwa da siliki, sannan microworm da Artemia naupilias na iya zama farkon abinci a gare shi.
Yawancin lokaci bayan makonni biyu, iyayen suna barin soya kuma suna buƙatar cirewa.
Kammalawa
Geophagus ya bambanta da girma, sifofin jiki, launi, halayya. Suna rayuwa tsawon shekaru, idan ba shekaru ba.
Daga cikin su akwai wasu nau'ikan da basu da ma'ana da ƙananan, da ƙattai masu girman kai.
Amma, dukansu suna da ban sha'awa, baƙon abu da kifi mai haske, wanda aƙalla sau ɗaya a rayuwarsu, amma ya cancanci ƙoƙari don samun duk mai son cichlids a cikin akwatin kifaye.
