Yuni 28, 2017 a 08:48 AM
12 658
A garuruwa da yawa a duniya, akwai irin wannan matsalar ta muhalli kamar gurɓatar masana'antu. Hanyoyin gurbata muhalli sune masana'antu, masana'antu, cibiyoyin samar da wutar lantarki da wutar lantarki, gidajen tukunyar mai da kuma tashoshin canza wuta, tashoshin cika mai da tashoshin rarraba gas, rumbunan adana kaya da sarrafa su.
Iri gurɓatar masana'antu
Duk wuraren masana'antu suna aiwatar da gurɓata ta hanyoyi da abubuwa daban-daban. Mafi yawan nau'ikan gurbatar yanayi sune kamar haka:
- Chemical. Hadari ga muhalli, rayuwar mutane da ta dabbobi. Gurbatattun abubuwa sunadarai ne da mahadi irinsu formaldehyde da chlorine, sulfur dioxide da phenols, hydrogen sulfide da carbon monoxide
- Gurbatar ruwa da ruwa. Kamfanoni suna aiwatar da malalar ruwa, malalar mai da malalar mai, shara, da guba da ruwa mai guba ke faruwa
- Halittu. Wayoyin cuta da kamuwa da cuta suna shiga cikin biosphere, waɗanda suke yaɗuwa a cikin iska, ruwa, ƙasa, suna haifar da cututtuka ga mutane da sauran ƙwayoyin halitta. Mafi haɗari sune masu haifar da cututtukan gas, tetanus, dysentery, kwalara, cututtukan fungal
- Hayaniya Surutu da rawar jiki suna haifar da cututtuka na gabobin tsarin ji da tsarin juyayi
- Da zafi. Ruwan dumi yana canza tsarin mulki da yanayin zafin yanayi a yankuna masu ruwa, wasu nau'ikan plankton sun mutu, wasu kuma sun mamaye gungumen su
- Radiation. Musamman gurɓataccen haɗari wanda ke faruwa sakamakon haɗari a cibiyoyin wutar lantarki na nukiliya, yayin fitowar sharar iska da lokacin kera makaman nukiliya
- Maganin lantarki. Hakan na faruwa ne sakamakon aiki da layukan wutar lantarki, Radarori, gidajen talabijin, da sauran abubuwan da suka samar da filayen rediyo
Hanyoyin Rage Gurbacewar Masana'antu
Da farko dai, rage matakin gurbatar masana’antu ya dogara da kamfanonin kansu. Don wannan ya faru, gudanar da masana'antu, tashoshi da sauran wurare dole ne da kansu su sarrafa aikin aiki, ba da kulawa ta musamman ga tsaftacewa da zubar da shara. Bugu da kari, ya zama dole a yi amfani da kere-kere na kere-kere da ci gaban muhalli, wadanda za su rage yawan gurbatar muhalli da rage tasirin da ke tattare da yanayin. Abu na biyu, rage gurbatar yanayi ya dogara da kwarewa, kulawa da kwarewar ma'aikata kansu. Idan suka yi aikinsu sosai a cikin harkar, hakan zai rage barazanar gurɓatar masana'antu na birane.
