Bayani da fasali
Itace dabba koala yayi la'akari da matsayin ɗayan nahiyoyin - Ostiraliya, wanda aka samo shi a wannan nahiya kuma yana da alaƙa da shi. Yana da fasali masu ban sha'awa na bayyanar da ɗabi'a. Wannan matsakaiciyar sifa ce, mai girman halitta kimanin 70 cm tsayi, a kamannin ta kama da ƙaramar bear.
Nauyin maza masu ban sha'awa galibi bai wuce kilogiram 14 ba, amma wasu mata sun zama ƙarami sosai kuma nauyinsu bai wuce kilo 5 ba. Kamar yawancin cututtukan ƙasashen na su, koalas dabbobi masu shayarwa ne, ma'ana, suna da jakar fata ta musamman a cikin cikinsu, wanda uwaye ke sa sasansu.
Jikin irin waɗannan dabbobi an lulluɓe shi da Jawo mai kauri mai laushi, tsawon gashinsa ya kai kimanin 2 cm ko kuma ƙari kaɗan. Inuwarsa na iya zama mai banbanci sosai kuma ya dogara da yankin zama. A baya, ya fi duhu koyaushe: ja, ja ko launin toka-mai hayaki. Amma tumbin galibi yana da launi.
Koalas ana rarrabe su da madaidaiciyar bakin bakin, babban kai, ƙananan idanu da wayoyi, shaggy, kunnuwa zagaye. Bugu da kari, suna da wutsiya wacce ba ta bayyana saboda girmanta.
Wani muhimmin abu na kamannin, waɗanda waɗannan dabbobin bishiyoyin suka gada daga ɗabi'a, sune ƙafafun motsi masu ɗauke da ƙafafu, masu ƙarfi, waɗanda ke basu damar hawa bishiyoyi cikin fasaha. Limafafun hannu masu ƙarfi suna haɓaka cikin koala tun suna ƙuruciya, lokacin da thean ƙura, suna riƙe da uwa, ba sa ɓacewa, saboda haka suna bin hanyar motsi, gabaɗaya da ita.
Tsarin yatsun ɓangarorin biyu na da ban mamaki. Na gaba suna sanye take da ofan yatsun hannu, waɗanda aka raba su da sauran waɗanda suke.
Toan yatsun kafa huɗu kawai a ƙafafun ƙafafu ana ba su fika, sabanin babba, wanda ba shi da ƙwanƙwasa irin wannan kaifin. Abin sha'awa, kamar yatsun mutane, duk yatsun koala suna da alamar kowane matashin matashin kai - kwafi.
Yanzu koala a Australia yayi la'akari da girman kai da ɗayan alamunsa. Amma wasu lokutan ana tuna su lokacin da Turawa baƙi suka zauna a wannan nahiya kawai. Sa'annan kyawawan sha'awar irin gashin wadannan halittu sun ba su sha'awa sosai. Kuma saboda wannan dalili, yawancin dabbobi, waɗanda aka farauta ba tare da tausayi ba, an yi musu kisan gilla kuma an tilasta musu barin mazauninsu.
A yau, irin waɗannan dabbobin ana samun su galibi a yankunan kudanci da gabashin babban yankin. Bugu da kari, a cewar masana kimiyya, zuri'ar zamani ta wadannan wakilan dabbobi na nahiyar sun ragu sosai idan aka kwatanta su da kakanninsu.
Ofarar kwakwalwar su kuma ta ragu, wanda hakan yayi mummunan tasiri a kan hankalin su, ƙari ma, har ma da ƙwarewar su ta dabi'ar kiyaye kai. Misali, koalas ta zamani, wadanda suka saba da neman ceto daga duk wata matsala a cikin bishiyoyi, a cikin awanni na tashin gobara ba tare da wata fargaba ba ballantana su fahimci cewa ya fi kyau a cikin yanayin da aka ba su sauka daga gare su fara gudu. Ganin wutar, sai kawai suka yi rawar jiki suna mannewa a jikin kututtukan itacen eucalyptus, daga cikinsu akwai koalas suna rayuwa, saboda wasu dalilai na neman ceto a cikinsu.
Irin
Tsawon rayuwar koala a duniya a matsayin dangin dadadden bears, a cewar masana kimiyya, an kiyasta shekaru miliyan 30. Amma a waɗancan lokutan nisan da suka nitse cikin bazara, wakilansu sun sha bamban da na ɗan lokaci.
Kuma da yawa daga cikinsu na iya yin alfahari da girman da ya wuce girman dabbobin zamani daga wannan dangi har sau biyu. Duk wannan tabbaci ne daga burbushin wadannan halittu. Musamman da yawa irin waɗannan abubuwan da aka samo a cikin yankunan kudu na Australiya.
Hakanan, an sami yawancin irin wannan burbushin a cikin Queensland, ɗayan jihohin nahiyar. Koalas har yanzu suna rayuwa a wannan ɓangaren duniyar: basu da nauyi fiye da kilogiram 9 kuma suna da launin toka-toka. Amma a cikin jihar Victoria, dabbobin zamani na irin wannan ana samun su da girma. Kuma suna da mafi yawan launuka masu launin cakulan.
Ya kamata a sani cewa ba tare da la'akari da girman waɗannan dabbobin da ke zaune a wani yanki ba, maza sun bambanta ƙwarai da gaske daga mata, musamman ma, suna da kusan ninki biyu a tsawo da nauyin jiki.
Koala din a cikin sifar da yake wanzu a duniya yanzu ya bayyana miliyan 15 da suka gabata.Yana da matsayin dangin mace. Wannan ma tsohon mazaunin Ostiraliya ne, dabba, kamar koala ta hanyoyi da yawa. A cikin yanayin ta na zamani, shima yayi kama da ƙaramin beyar, kodayake har yanzu ya fi ɗan dabbar da aka kwatanta girma sosai.
A yau, ana ɗaukar koala a matsayin kawai wakilin gidan koala kuma yana cikin jinsin suna iri ɗaya, wanda ake kira da wata hanyar: marsupial bear. Kodayake ilimin halitta da dabi'unsu kawai, irin wadannan dabbobin ba su da dangantaka da bera kwata-kwata. Koala hoto yana nuna cikakkiyar siffofin abubuwan ban dariya da kyawawa na waɗannan dabbobin.
Rayuwa da mazauni
Waɗannan sune mazaunan gandun daji na eucalyptus. Daga cikin kazamar irin wadannan bishiyoyi, suna tafiya tare da kututturen su, rassan su da rawanin su, irin wadannan halittun suna cinye dukkan rayuwar su, daga na farko har zuwa na karshe. A ƙasa, koalas ma suna da ƙarfin tafiya, kodayake ba su da kyau. Suna sauka, idan kawai akwai sha'awar matsawa zuwa wani bishiyar ta irin wannan hanyar.
Da rana, waɗannan dabbobin galibi suna hutawa, don haka a wannan lokacin na yau kawai za ku iya kiyayewa tsakanin rassan eucalyptus bacci koala... Amma ko a lokacin farkawa, ba su da aiki musamman. Waɗannan halittun suna da kasala, an yi imanin cewa suna yin awoyi ashirin a rana a cikin yanayin motsi.
Abinda kawai suka san yadda akeyi cikin sauri, cikin sauri da gwaninta shine hawa bishiyoyi, suna tsalle daga masarauta zuwa wani. A saman bishiyoyin eucalyptus, yawanci sukan kubuta daga masu nufin rashin lafiya. Hakanan, waɗannan dabbobin suna iya yin iyo sosai.
Koalas basa jin babban sha'awar sadarwa tare da nasu. Iyakar abin da aka keɓe shine lokutan kiwo, lokacin da aka tilasta su neman abokin tarayya a kiran yanayi. Koyaya, a wasu lokuta akwai wasu bambance-bambance a cikin halayyar jinsi daban-daban.
Mata sun fi son zama a cikin wani yanki kawai, galibi ba tare da barin wuraren da aka zaɓa ba. A can suna wanzuwa cikin lumana, ba sa mai da hankali kan abin da ke faruwa a kusa da su, suna aiki ne kawai tare da dogon bacci da kula da cika ciki.
Maza, a gefe guda, ba su da alaƙa musamman ga yankunansu. Kuma wani lokacin sha'awar kusan tafiya tana farka a cikinsu. Kuma idan sun haɗu da juna, ba kawai suna jin daɗin farin ciki sosai ba, har ma suna iya fara faɗa. Irin wannan wasan kwaikwayon ya fi dacewa yayin lokacin wasannin mating. Kuma a irin wannan lokacin don zalunci, waɗannan yaƙe-yaƙe na iya zama ba su da lahani.
Amma ga mutane, irin waɗannan halittun basa haifar da haɗari, sabili da haka, ana kiyaye su ba tare da yin taka tsantsan na musamman a wasu gidajen zoo ba. Bayan duk, don baƙi koala – beyar ce karami cikin girma, dabba mai kyakkyawar bayyana mai ban dariya, wacce ke matukar jan hankalin su. Tsayawa irin waɗannan mazaunan a cikin keɓaɓɓu ba shi da mahimmanci saboda rashin sha'awar ɗabi'a don motsi.
Akwai wata sananniyar harka yayin da wata mai suna Mundu ta yi kokarin tserewa daga gidan ajiyar namun dajin a San Diego, amma ba ta yi nasara musamman ba wajen neman 'yanci. Gaskiyar ita ce, koala, don neman abin da ba a san shi ba, ya yi barci a kan hanya. Don haka, ɗan kasada bai haifar da matsala ba ga ma'aikatan gidan zoo.
Gaskiya ne, kiyaye waɗannan dabbobi a cikin fursuna har yanzu yana da bangarorinta marasa daɗi, kuma wani lokacin yana da wahala da gaske saboda abubuwan da ke tattare da abincinsu, wanda za'a tattauna a gaba.
Gina Jiki
Wadannan dabbobin suna iya cin kusan shuka daya a duniya - eucalyptus. Sukan ci reshenta da ganyayenta. Amma wannan wakilin flora ba ya ƙunsar isasshen furotin a cikin abin da ya ƙunsa, amma fiye da kima yana cike da cutarwa, har ma da abubuwa masu guba da abubuwa.
Kuma abubuwanda aka gama dasu suna da yawa wanda yawaitar su zata iya wuce wacce aka halatta, wacce zata kai ga mutuwa. Ya kamata a lura cewa yawancin nau'ikan dabbobin dake irin wannan abincin tabbas zasu sami damar rayuwa. Amma ta yaya, tare da irin wannan abincin, koalas basu da guba?
Sirrin shine cewa sun zabi wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan itacen da suka fi so a matsayin abinci. Kuma wannan ba lamari bane mai sauki. Don rarrabe shukar mai guba daga wasu, koalas yana da babban ci gaba da ƙamshi.
Saboda wannan dalili, ƙunsa gida koala, koda kuwa yanayin zaman lafiyar wannan dabba da kyakkyawa mai kyan gani, yana da wahala sosai. Daga cikin nau'ikan eucalyptus ɗari takwas, suna iya cin abinci ba tare da cutar da jikinsu ƙasa da kashi shida daga cikinsu.
Kuma a cikin bauta, wannan zaɓin ya ragu sosai. Masu mallakar, kasancewar su mutane, ba su da wadatattun hankula da ilimi don wadatar dabbobin su da isasshen abinci. Sabili da haka, koalas, waɗanda aka tilasta wa yunwa su ci duk abin da suka samu, galibi ana sanya musu guba har lahira.
Hakanan ya kamata a bayyana jinkirin waɗannan dabbobi ta abubuwan da suka shafi abinci mai gina jiki. Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, abincin su baya ƙunsar isasshen furotin. Saboda haka, saurin motsa jiki saboda ƙarancin abincin abincin da ake cinyewa.
A rana guda, wannan dabbar tana bukatar kusan kilogram na ganyen eucalyptus, wanda yake dannewa a hankali tare da haƙoransa, ta kowane fanni wanda aka keɓance shi musamman da irin wannan abincin. Hakanan ana samun danshi da ake buƙata don jikin koala daga tsiron da ya fi so, da kuma raɓa da ke kan ta.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Cikakke cikakke ga haihuwa koala yawanci ta shekara uku. A lokaci guda, an halicci mata da ɗan lokaci fiye da na maza ta dukkan halaye. Amma farkon saduwa mai cikakken ƙarfi don irin waɗannan dabbobin yakan faru ne kawai da shekara huɗu.
Kamar yadda aka riga aka sani, waɗannan halittun basa da kusanci da juna a cikin lokuta na yau da kullun. Sabili da haka, lokacin da lokacin kiwo ya kusanto (wannan yana faruwa sau ɗaya a shekara), maza suna fara wannan aikin tare da kira.
Wadannan sautuka, wadanda ake kai wa kusa da unguwar, ba ana nufin kawai don zama sakonni don jan hankalin matan da ke makwabtaka ba. An ɗauka cewa waɗannan ihun ya kamata ya tsoratar da sauran masu neman.
Idan ma'amalar ta yi nasara, ciki na faruwa, kuma iyayen koala suna haihuwar theira foransu na ɗan gajeren lokaci, kimanin kwanaki 35. Matan wadannan halittu ba za a iya kiransu da yawan haihuwa ba. 'Ya'yan suna yawan ɗauke da ɗa mai ɗauke da marsupial bear. Amma a wasu lokuta, ana iya haihuwar tagwaye.
Wani fasali na dabbobi masu shayarwa shine, kamar yadda kuka sani, haihuwar cuba cuban undera underan da ba su ci gaba ba, waɗanda mata ke sawa a cikin jakar fata a cikin cikinsu. Sabon koalas da aka haifa nauyi rabin gram ne kawai kuma tsayinsa bai wuce cm 2 ba.
Amma irin wannan jihar ba yana nufin ba ta da wani tasiri. Irin wadannan jariran suna da matukar wahala kuma nan da nan bayan an haihu su da kansu ana shigar dasu cikin aljihun fatar uwa. A can suke ci gaba da haɓaka, ciyarwa, kamar yadda ya kamata ga dabbobi masu shayarwa, akan madarar uwa.
Lokacin da yakai wata shida, kananan magada na kwayar halittar koala sun fara canzawa a hankali zuwa abinci mai gina jiki na manya, ma'ana, zuwa tsarin cin abinci na eucalyptus. Da farko dai, uwa da kanta tana tauna ganyen kuma tana harbawa dasu, tana basu abinci da irin wannan nauyin mara nauyi, wanda ya dace da yawan jijinta, wanda aka bashi abubuwan kashe kwayoyin cuta. Wannan yana taimakawa ci gaba narkewar abinci na yau da kullun ga jarirai.
Bugu da ari, zuriyar a ƙarshe sun bar jakar. Wannan yana faruwa kimanin shekara bakwai. Har zuwa wani lokaci, ɗayan yana zaune kai tsaye akan uwa. Yana wanzuwa a bayanta, yana manne mata baya da ƙafafunsa. Zuwa shekara guda, zuriya takan zama mai zaman kanta, amma yana ƙoƙari ya kasance kusa da mahaifiyarsa kawai don 'yan watanni.
A cikin bauta, koalas tare da ingantaccen abinci na iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 18. Amma a cikin yanayin yanayi, wannan ba safai yake faruwa ba. A zahiri, irin waɗannan dabbobi basu da makiya da yawa a cikin ɗabi'a. Galibi, ban da karnukan daji da mutane, babu wanda ke kai musu hari.
Amma wadannan halittun suna da rauni sosai, kwayoyin cuta, sabili da haka, ba tare da kulawar dabbobi da kulawa ta musamman ba, galibi suna mutuwa da wuri. A karkashin yanayi na yau da kullun, rayuwa a cikin gandun daji eucalyptus, rayuwar koalas yawanci ba zata wuce shekaru 13 ba.
