Piranha gama gari kifi ne mai kama da nama. A karo na farko ya zama sananne game da shi a tsakiyar karni na 19. A dabi'a, akwai kusan nau'ikan nau'ikan 30 na waɗannan kifin, 4 daga cikinsu na iya haifar da haɗari ga mutane.
Tsawon babban mutum ya banbanta daga 20 zuwa 30 cm Duk da haka, akwai lokuta inda ta bayanin shaidun gani da ido, piranha ya kai tsawon cm 80. Shi ne mafi girma wakilin irinsa.
Launin mata da na maza daban ne. A cikin yanayi, akwai piranhas na maza masu launin shuɗi-baƙar fata ko launin kore, mai launin shuɗi. Mata na wannan kifin suna da sikeli masu launuka shunayya.
Tare da shekaru, launi ya zama duhu. Kifin Piranha bambanta a cikin takamaiman tsari na muƙamuƙi. Hakoran da aka rufe suna kama da zik din da aka rufe. Irin wannan tsarin yana taimaka musu suyi nasarar farautar ganima mai yawa.
Hoton kifi ne na piranha
Zuwa mafi shahara nau'in piranha ana iya danganta shi ga kifin characinid, baƙar fure (kifin mai ciyawa), duniyar wata da na metinnis, siriri, dwarf, tutar piranha, mil fin fin.
Masana kimiyya sun rarraba piranhas da pacu a matsayin wakilan dangin "haƙorin haƙorin haƙori", waɗanda aka bambanta da kasancewar keel mai haƙori. In ba haka ba, musamman a tsarin abinci mai gina jiki da yanayin muƙamuƙi, kifi ya bambanta.
Fasali da mazaunin piranhas
Kuna iya saduwa da piranha a cikin ruwan Kudancin Amurka: a Venezuela, Brazil, Bolivia, Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador. Amazon, Orinoco, Parana sune shahararrun wuraren zuwa kogin, inda piranha yake zaune.
A cikin hoto, piranha pacu kifi
Suna son ruwa mai dumi mai wadataccen oxygen, yanayin ruwa mai yalwa da yawan ciyayi. Wani lokacin suma ana iya samun su a cikin ruwan teku. A wannan lokacin, mata ba za su iya haihuwa ba. Yawancin nau'ikan kifayen na iya zama tare a yanki daya.
Yanayi da salon kifin piranha
Game da kifin piranha akwai tatsuniyoyi da yawa. Piranha al'ada ce ta kira kifi mai kisa da dodanni saboda tsananin zafinsu. Ana iya ganin “rikice-rikice” ta yanayin kifi ta hanyar lura da yadda suke aikatawa a cikin makaranta.
Ba sabon abu bane ganin cewa kifin ya rasa fin ko kuma yana da tabo a jikinsa. Piranhas na iya kai hari ba kawai wakilan sauran jinsunan duniyar dabbobi ba, har ma da 'yan'uwansu. Har ma akwai yanayin cin naman mutane. Ainihin, piranhas suna zaɓar koguna inda akwai kifi da yawa, tunda abinci a gare su shine babban abu a rayuwa.
Lamarin “cin naman mutane” wani lokacin yakan faru ne a cikin shirya piranhas
Piranhas gabaɗaya suna iyo a cikin ƙananan ƙungiyoyi na mutane 25-30. Wasu garken na iya kaiwa kimanin wakilai dubu na wannan nau'in. Kiwo yana da mahimmanci a cikinsu ba saboda sha'awar kashewa ba. Akasin haka, hanyar kariya ce, tunda akwai dabbobi a cikin yanayi wanda piranhas abinci ne. Misali, caimans, wasu nau'ikan kunkuru, macizai, tsuntsaye.
Abincin Piranha ya bambanta sosai. Ya hada da:
- kifi;
- dodunan kodi;
- 'yan amshi;
- invertebrates;
- shuke-shuke;
- mutane masu rauni ko marasa lafiya;
- manyan dabbobi (dawakai, bauna).
Piranhas - kifi mai farauta, wanda ke yawan farauta da yamma da daddare, da kuma wayewar gari. Akwai kifin da piranhas ba sa ci. Misali, Kifin Kudancin Amurka. Wannan kifin yana taimakawa wajen kawar da piranhas daga cututtukan parasites.
Tsanani na kifi yana ƙaruwa saboda farkon ɓarnatar da sifa. A lokacin damina - ƙarshen Janairu - lokaci mafi kyau don haifuwa. Kafin kiwo ya fara, maza suna yin rami a gindin, suna busar da sikari. A cikin irin wannan "matsugunin" zaku iya saka ƙwai kusan dubu.
Maza suna kare zuriya, suna ba su iskar oxygen saboda tsananin motsi. Wani lokaci ana haɗa ƙwai zuwa ganye ko karangiyar algae don kiyaye zuriya. Tsutsa na bayyana a cikin awanni 40.
Har zuwa wannan lokacin, suna cin ajiyar gall jakar. Da zaran soya zasu iya samun nasu abincin da kansu, iyayen sun daina yi musu tallafi. Ana la'akari da piranha da ta balaga ta jima'i lokacin da ta girma zuwa 15-18 cm. Piranhas masu hankali ne, masu kulawa. Tsoffin mutane ba su da tsit. Ba sa faɗar da wanda aka azabtar, amma sun gwammace su zauna a cikin tsiren ruwan teku ko a bayan dusar ƙanƙara.
Duk da ra'ayin cewa piranhas kifi ne mai kisa, dole ne a faɗi cewa zasu iya fuskantar firgita na tsoro. Idan kifin ya firgita, zai iya "suma": ma'aunin mutum ya zama kodadde, kuma piranha ya nitse a ƙasa zuwa ƙasa. Amma bayan ta farka, piranha ta yi sauri don kare kanta.
Kifin Piranha yana da haɗari ga mutum. Ba a rubuta lamuran cin abincin ɗan adam ba, amma ciji daga waɗannan kifaye na iya lahanta sosai. Cutar Piranha mai raɗaɗi, raunuka sun zama kumburi na dogon lokaci kuma basa warkewa. Kimanin mutane 70 a shekara bitar ta cije su.
Piranha kifi ne mai farauta. Babban haɗari shine maƙoshinta. Masana kimiyya sun gudanar da gwaji. An kama mutane da yawa daga Amazon. An saukar da masu saurin motsi a cikin su zuwa akwatin kifaye inda suke.
Sakamakon haka, sai ya zamana cewa cizon kifi na iya kaiwa sabbin sabobi ɗari uku da ashirin. Ya zama cewa piranhas suna da maƙwabta mafi ƙarfi na duk wakilan da ke akwai na fauna. Da yawa Hotunan kifin piranha Nuna matsayin haɗari daga haɗuwa da wannan mai cin abincin.
Abincin Piranha
Wadanda suke son kiyaye piranhas a gida ya kamata su san wasu nau'o'in abinci mai gina jiki.
- Abu mafi mahimmanci shine a ba da abinci a cikin sashi. Yana iya zama alama kamar kifayen suna jin yunwa. A gaskiya, wannan ba haka bane. Piranhas suna da sha'awar ci gaba.
- Ruwan da ke cikin akwatin kifaye dole ne ya zama mai tsabta, don haka kuna buƙatar cire ragowar abincin bayan kowace ciyarwa. Kifi na iya yin rashin lafiya daga gurɓatawa.
- Mintuna 2 shine mafi kyawun lokacin don mutane su ci.
- Domin piranhas su zama masu ƙoshin lafiya da jin daɗi, kuna buƙatar haɓaka abinci mai yawa kamar yadda ya yiwu. Yana da amfani a ciyar da kifin tare da jatan lande, tadpoles, daskararren kifin, yankakken naman sa.
- Akwai samfurin da bai kamata a ba dabbobinku ba - kifin ruwa mai kyau. Gabaɗaya, ba zaku iya ciyar da piranhas da nama shi kaɗai ba.
- Za a iya ciyar da samari da ƙwayoyin jini, tubifex, tsutsotsi, sannan kuma a hankali a sauya zuwa abincin manya.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai na piranha
A lokacin kiwo, mace ta juye. Kimanin kwai 3000 za'a iya haihuwa a lokaci guda. Matsakaicin girman kwai daya milimita daya da rabi.
Idan hayayyafa ta gudana a cikin akwatin kifaye, ya kamata ku tuna cewa a farkon kwanakin bayan haihuwar zuriya, kifin yana da rikici sosai, don haka bai kamata ku saka hannuwanku cikin akwatin kifin ba ko ƙoƙarin taɓa kifin. Iyaye suna bukatar rabuwa da zuriyarsu. Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da net mai tsayi da hannu don wannan. Yanayin zamansu yakamata yayi kama. Idan kana son kirar piranhas a gida, yakamata ka sayi filayen kiɗa don wannan.
Pairaya daga cikin masu kera yana buƙatar kusan lita 200 na ruwa. Ruwan ya zama dumi - digiri 26-28. A lokacin irin wannan lokacin, maimakon tsakuwa, zai fi kyau a cika ƙasa a cire duk tsire-tsire. A jajibirin ranar bazuwa, ana bada shawarar ciyar da kifin sosai. Kwararrun masanan ruwa suna kiwo piranhas ta amfani da shirye-shiryen hormonal na musamman. A cikin yanayin gida, piranhas na iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 10.
