St Bernard babban nau'in karnukan aiki ne, wanda asalinsu daga tsaunukan Switzerland ne, inda aka yi amfani dashi don ceton mutane. A yau sun fi karen karewa, sanannen girman jikinsu da ruhinsu, mai kauna da taushi.
Abstracts
- St Bernards wasu irin manya ne kuma, kodayake zasu iya zama a cikin gida, suna buƙatar wurin shimfidawa da juyawa.
- Idan kun damu da tsabta da tsari, to wannan nau'in ba naku bane. Suna salivation kuma suna iya kawowa kansu dutsen ƙazanta. Sun zubar kuma girmansu yana sanya adadin ulu abin birgewa.
- An kwikwiyoyi suna girma a hankali kuma suna ɗaukar shekaru da yawa don su manyanta da hankali. Har zuwa wannan lokacin, sun kasance puan kwikwiyo manya-manya.
- Suna tare da yara sosai kuma suna masu ladabi da su.
- An gina St. Bernards don rayuwa a cikin sanyi kuma baya jure zafi da kyau.
- Ba a ba da ƙuri'a ba gaira ba dalili.
- Kamar sauran manyan nau'in, basa rayuwa tsawon shekaru, shekaru 8-10.
- Bai kamata su zauna a cikin jirgin ruwa ko a kan sarƙa ba, saboda suna son mutane da dangi sosai.
Tarihin irin
St Bernard tsohuwar haihuwa ce kuma tarihin asalinsa ya ɓace a cikin tarihi. Yana da kyau rubuce kawai daga farkon karni na 17th. Wataƙila, kafin 1600, waɗannan karnukan sun samo asali ne daga cikin gida, duwatsu.
Sunan nau'in ya fito ne daga Faransanci Chien du Saint-Bernard - kare na St. Bernard kuma an karbe shi don girmama gidan sufi na wannan sunan, inda suka yi aiki a matsayin masu ceto, masu tsaro, da kuma karnukan karnuka.
St. Bernards suna da kusanci da sauran karnukan tsaunukan Switzerland: Kare Dutsen Bernese, Babban Karen Girman Swiss, Karen Dutsen Appenzeller, Karen tsaunin Entlebucher.
Kiristanci ya zama babban addinin Turai, kuma kafa gidajen ibada har ma ya shafi yankuna masu nisa kamar Swiss Alps. Ofaya daga cikinsu ita ce gidan sufi na St. Bernard, wanda aka kafa a 980 ta wani malamin umarnin Augustine.
Ya kasance a ɗayan mahimman wurare tsakanin Switzerland da Italiya kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin gajerun hanyoyi zuwa Jamus. A yau ana kiran wannan hanyar Babban Saint Bernard.
Waɗanda suke son zuwa daga Switzerland zuwa Jamus ko Italiya dole ne su bi ta hanyar wucewa ko kuma su karkata zuwa Austria da Faransa.
Lokacin da aka kafa gidan sufi, wannan hanyar ta zama mafi mahimmanci yayin da arewacin Italia, Jamus da Switzerland suka haɗu suka kafa Daular Roman Mai Tsarki.
Lokaci guda tare da gidan sufi, an buɗe otal, wanda ke hidimtawa waɗanda suka ƙetare wannan hanyar. Yawancin lokaci, ya zama mafi mahimmin mahimmanci a kan izinin.
A wani lokaci, sufaye sun fara riƙe karnuka, waɗanda suka saya daga mazauna yankin. Wadannan karnukan an san su da suna Karen Dutsen, wanda akasari ke fassara zuwa karen baƙauye. Kyakkyawan nau'in aiki, sun iya ayyuka da yawa. Kodayake duk Karen Tudun Karnuka masu launi uku ne, a wancan lokacin sun fi canzawa.
Ofayan launuka shine wanda muke ganewa da zamani St. Bernard. Sufaye sun yi amfani da waɗannan karnukan daidai da na manoma, amma har zuwa aya. Babu tabbacin lokacin da suka yanke shawarar ƙirƙirar karnukan su, amma wannan ya faru ne daga 1650.
Ana iya samun shaidar farko ta wanzuwar St. Bernards a cikin zanen mai kwanan wata 1695. An yi imanin cewa marubucin zanen shi ne ɗan Italiyanci Salvator Rosa.
Yana nuna karnuka masu gajerun gashi, yanayin siffofin St. Bernard da doguwar jela. Waɗannan karnukan suna da ruɗu kuma suna kama da Dogs Mountain fiye da na zamani na St. Bernards.
Mashahurin masanin karnukan tsaunukan, Farfesa Albert Heim, ya kimanta karnukan da aka nuna na kimanin shekaru 25 na aikin kiwo. Don haka kimanin ranar bayyanar St Bernards tsakanin 1660 da 1670 ne. Kodayake waɗannan lambobin na iya yin kuskure, nau'in ya tsufa ko ƙarni da yawa.
Gidan sufi na St. Bernard yana cikin wuri mai haɗari, musamman a lokacin sanyi. Matafiya na iya kamuwa da guguwa, su ɓace su mutu daga sanyi, ko kuma su shiga cikin dusar kankara. Don taimakawa waɗanda ke cikin matsala, sufaye sun fara amfani da dabarun karnukansu.
Sun lura cewa St. Bernards na da sihiri na sihiri da dusar ƙanƙara. Sun dauke shi kyauta daga sama, amma masu bincike na zamani sun danganta wannan fasaha da ikon karnuka na ji a mitocin mitowa da kuma nesa.
St Bernards sun ji rugugin dusar ƙanƙara ko kukan guguwa tun kafin kunnen ɗan adam ya fara kama su. Sufaye sun fara zaɓar karnuka da irin wannan damar kuma suna fita tare da su a kan tafiye-tafiyensu.
A hankali, sufaye sun fahimci cewa ana iya amfani da karnuka don ceton matafiya waɗanda suka sami matsala cikin haɗari. Ba a san yadda wannan ya faru ba, amma, wataƙila, shari'ar ta taimaka. Bayan zubar dusar kankara, an kai St. Bernards din zuwa gungun masu aikin ceto don taimakawa gano wadanda aka binne a karkashin dusar kankarar ko kuma sun bata.
Sufaye sun fahimci yadda taimakon wannan yake cikin gaggawa. Legsafaffun gaban gaban mai ƙarfi na St Bernard sun ba shi damar fasa dusar ƙanƙarar da sauri fiye da shebur, yana 'yantar da wanda aka azabtar a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. Jin - don hana zubar dusar kankara, da kuma jin warin samu mutum da wari. Kuma sufaye suna fara kiwon karnuka ne kawai saboda ikonsu na ceton mutane.
A wani lokaci, rukuni na maza biyu ko uku sun fara aiki akan Great Saint Bernard da kansu. Sufaye ba su bar kwarkwata ba, saboda suna tsammanin wannan sintirin ya gajiyar da su. Wannan rukuni suna sintiri a kan hanya kuma sun rabu idan akwai matsala.
Dogaya daga cikin kare ya koma gidan sufi ya gargaɗi sufaye, yayin da wasu suke tono wanda aka azabtar. Idan mutumin da aka ceto ya sami damar motsawa, to, sai su kai shi gidan sufi. Idan ba haka ba, suna zama tare da shi kuma suna dumama shi har sai taimako ya zo. Abun takaici, yawancin karnukan kansu suna mutuwa yayin wannan hidimar.
Nasarar da St. Bernards suka yi a matsayin masu ceto na da girma ta yadda shahararsu ta bazu ko'ina cikin Turai. Godiya ne ga aiyukan ceto da suka juya daga asalin asali zuwa kare wanda duk duniya ta sani. Sanannen sanannen St. Bernard shine Barry der Menschenretter (1800-1814).
A lokacin rayuwarsa, ya ceci aƙalla mutane 40, amma labarinsa yana cike da almara da tatsuniyoyi. Misali, tatsuniya ta yadu cewa ya mutu yana kokarin ceton wani soja da dusar kankara ta rufe. Bayan ya tono shi, sai ya lasar da shi a fuska kamar yadda aka koya masa. Sojan ya kuskure shi da kerkeci ya buge shi da bayon, bayan haka Barry ya mutu.
Koyaya, wannan almara ce, tunda yayi rayuwa cikakke kuma yasha tsufa a gidan sufi. An ba da gawarsa ga Gidan Tarihi na Tarihi na Tarihi na Berne, inda har yanzu ake ajiye ta. Na dogon lokaci, har ma an sanya wa sunan sunansa, Barry ko Alpine Mastiff.
Lokacin hunturu na 1816, 1817, 1818 sun kasance masu tsauri sosai kuma St Bernards na gab da halaka. Bayanan da ke cikin takardun gidan zuhudu sun nuna cewa sufaye sun koma kauyukan da ke makwabtaka da su don cika adadin karnukan da suka mutu.
An ce ana amfani da Mastiff na Ingilishi, karnukan tsaunukan Pyrenean ko Manan Danes, amma ba tare da shaida ba. A farkon 1830, an yi ƙoƙarin ƙetare St. Bernard da Newfoundland, wanda shi ma yana da babban ilhami na ceto. An yi imani da cewa karnukan da ba su da kyau da doguwar gashi za su fi dacewa da yanayi mai wahala.
Amma, komai ya zama bala'i, yayin da doguwar suma tayi sanyi kuma an rufe ta da icicles. Karnuka sun gaji, sun raunana kuma galibi suna mutuwa. Sufaye sun kawar da St. Bernards mai dogon gashi kuma suka ci gaba da aiki tare da masu gajeren gashi.
Amma, waɗannan karnukan ba su ɓace ba, amma sun fara bazuwa ko'ina cikin Switzerland. Heinrich Schumacher ne ya kirkiro littafin garke na farko da aka ajiye a wajen gidan sufi. Tun shekara ta 1855, Schumacher yana ta ajiye litattafan karatu na St Bernards da kuma kirkiro da tsarin asali.
Schumacher, tare da sauran masu kiwo, sunyi ƙoƙari su riƙe mizanin kusa-kusa da bayyanar karnukan asali na gidan sufi na St. Bernard. A cikin 1883 an kirkiro Club din Kennel na Switzerland don karewa da yaduwar nau'in, kuma a cikin 1884 ya buga matakin farko. Daga wannan shekarar, St. Bernard shine asalin ƙasar Switzerland.
A wani lokaci, an saka ƙaramin ganga a wuyansa a hoton wannan karen, wanda a ciki ake yin cognac domin dumama waɗanda suka daskare. Sufaye sun yi sabani sosai game da wannan tatsuniya kuma sun danganta ta ga Edward Lansdeer, mai zanen da ya zana ganga. Koyaya, wannan hoton ya sami nutsuwa kuma yau da yawa suna wakiltar St. Bernards ta wannan hanyar.
Godiya ga shahararren Barry, Bature ya fara shigo da St. Bernards a 1820. Suna kiran karnukan Alpine Mastiffs kuma suka fara ƙetara su da Mastiffs na Turanci, tunda ba su da buƙatar karnukan dutse.
Sabon St. Bernards sunfi girma girma, tare da tsarin kokon kai na kokon kai, suna da girma sosai. A lokacin ƙirƙirar Kenungiyar Kwarin Switzerland, Ingilishi St. Bernards sun bambanta sosai kuma a gare su mizani daban ne. Daga cikin masoyan nau'in, takaddama ta tashi wane nau'i ne mafi daidai.
A cikin 1886 an gudanar da taro a Brussels game da wannan batun, amma ba a yanke shawara ba. A shekara mai zuwa, an sake gudanar da wani a Zurich kuma an yanke shawarar cewa za a yi amfani da matsayin Switzerland a duk ƙasashe ban da Burtaniya.
A cikin karni na 20, St. Bernards sanannen ɗan shahara ne kuma mai iya saninsa, amma ba gama gari ba. A farkon 2000s, theungiyar Kennel ta Switzerland ta canza matsayin asali, ta dace da ita ga duk ƙasashe. Amma ba duk kungiyoyi ne ke yarda da shi ba. A sakamakon haka, a yau akwai matakai guda huɗu: Clubungiyar Swiss, Federation Cynologique Internationale, AKC / SBCA, Kennel Club.
St Bernards na zamani, har ma da waɗanda ke bin ƙa'idar gargajiya, sun bambanta da yawa daga waɗancan karnukan da suka ceci mutane akan hanyar wucewa. Sun fi girma kuma sun fi son mastiffs, akwai nau'uka biyu: masu gajeren gashi da masu dogon gashi.
Duk da wannan, har yanzu nau'in yana riƙe da mahimmin ɓangare na halayen halayen sa. Sun nuna kansu a matsayin karnukan magani masu kyau, saboda yanayinsu yana da sauƙin hali. Amma, duk da haka, yawancin waɗannan karnukan abokai ne. Ga waɗanda suke shirye su kiyaye irin wannan babban kare, wannan babban aboki ne, amma da yawa suna ɗaukar ƙarfi fiye da kima.
Babban girman St. Bernard yana iyakance adadin masu mallakar su, amma har yanzu yawan jama'a yana da karko kuma yawancin masu kiwon kare suna ƙaunarta.
Bayanin irin
Dangane da gaskiyar cewa St. Bernards galibi suna fitowa a cikin fina-finai da kuma nunawa, ana iya saurin gane nau'in. A zahiri, yana ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun jinsuna saboda girmanta da launi.
St Bernards suna da girma sosai, maza a bushewar sun kai 70-90 cm kuma suna iya auna kilo 65-120.
Chesananan ƙanana sun fi ƙanƙanta kaɗan, amma daidai suke da 65-80 cm kuma suna da nauyin aƙalla kilo 70. Suna da kauri daidai, suna da girma kuma suna da manyan ƙasusuwa.
Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan da za su iya kaiwa wannan nauyin, amma dangane da faɗuwa, dukansu ba su kai na St. Bernard ba.
Bugu da ƙari, yawancin St. Bernards suma suna da nauyi fiye da yadda aka bayyana a cikin ƙirar ƙirar.
Karamar yarinya 'yar St. Bernard tana da nauyi daga kilo 50, amma matsakaicin nauyin babban kare daga 65 zuwa 75 kg ne. Kuma maza masu nauyin fiye da kilogiram 95 ba su da yawa, amma yawancinsu suna da kiba. Cikakken St Bernard yana samun nauyi ba daga kitse ba, amma daga ƙasusuwa da tsokoki.
Jikinsa, kodayake yana ɓoye a ƙarƙashin rigar, yana da muscular sosai. Yawancin lokaci suna da nau'in murabba'i, amma da yawa sun fi tsayi tsayi kaɗan. Yaguwar yana da zurfi da faɗi, wutsiya doguwa ce kuma mai kauri a gindi, amma taɓar zuwa ƙarshen.
Kan yana zaune a kan wuya mai kauri, a cikin nau'ikan kama da kan mastiff na Ingilishi: babba, murabba'i, mai ƙarfi.
Mulos ɗin yana kwance, an bayyana filin a bayyane. Kodayake kokon kai na brachycephalic ne, bakin bakin bai da gajarta ba kuma ya fadi kamar yadda yake a sauran dabbobi. Leben Saggy yana tashi sama kuma yau miyau yakan diga daga garesu.
Akwai wrinkles a fuska, amma ba sa samarda zurfin ciki. Hanci babba ne, mai fadi, kuma baki. Idanun wannan nau'in suna can zurfin cikin kwanyar, wanda ya sa wasu ke cewa kare yana kama da dan kogo. Idanun da kansu ya kamata su zama matsakaita cikin girma da launi launin ruwan kasa. Rataye kunnuwa.
Babban maganar bakin bakin bakin ta kunshi mahimmanci da hankali, gami da abota da dumi-dumi.
St. Bernards masu gajerun gashi ne da masu dogon gashi, kuma suna da sauƙin haɗuwa da juna kuma sau da yawa ana haife su a cikin juji ɗaya. Suna da sutura mai ruɓi, tare da laushi mai laushi, mai laushi, mai kauri daga sanyi. Riga ta waje ta ƙunshi dogon ulu, wanda kuma yayi kauri da yawa.
Ya kamata ya ba da kariya ga kare daga sanyi, amma kada ya zama mai tsauri. A cikin bambancin duka, yakamata ya zama ya zama madaidaiciya, amma ƙarancin wawa a bayan ƙafa abin karɓa ne.
Saint Bernards mai dogon gashi an fi gane shi saboda fim ɗin Beethoven.
Rigunansu daidai yake da tsawon jiki, banda kunnuwa, wuya, baya, ƙafafu, kirji, ƙananan kirji, baya na ƙafafu da jela, inda ya fi tsayi.
Akwai wata yar karamar igiya a kirji da wuya. Duk bambancin biyu ya zo da launuka biyu: ja tare da alamun farin ko fari tare da alamar ja.
Hali
St. Bernards sanannen sanannen yanayi ne, yawancinsu suna da tawali'u koda suna da shekaru masu daraja. Karnukan manya suna da naci sosai kuma da wuya su sami sauyin yanayi kwatsam.
Sun shahara ne saboda tsananin kaunarsu ga dangi da mai su, sun zama yan dangi na gaske kuma mafi yawan masu mallakar Saint Bernard sunce basu da irin wannan kusancin kawance da wani nau'in. Koyaya, suma suna da halaye na 'yanci, ba' yan shaye-shaye bane.
A dabi'ance, St. Bernards suna da abokantaka ga duk wanda suka haɗu da shi kuma karnuka waɗanda aka haifa da kyau hakane. Zasu girgiza wutsiyar su akan baƙon kuma su gaishe shi da murna.
Wasu layukan suna da kunya ko kunya, amma kuma basu taɓa yin fushi ba. Saint Bernards suna da hankali, suna da ƙyalli masu zurfin gaske kuma suna iya zama karnukan tsaro masu kyau. Amma babu masu tsaro, tunda ba su ma da alamun halayen da ake buƙata don wannan.
Iyakar abin da ya keɓance da wannan ƙa'idar ita ce lokacin da mai hankali da jin kai St. Bernard ya ga cewa danginsa suna cikin haɗari. Ba zai taɓa yarda da shi ba.
St Bernards suna da kwazazzabo tare da yara, suna da alama sun fahimci raunin su kuma suna da laushin hali tare da su. Amma, yana da mahimmanci a koya wa yaro yadda ake kula da kare, yayin da suke son cin zarafin haƙƙin St Bernard.
An saba su da yin aiki tare da wasu karnukan kuma yana da matukar wuya matsaloli su faru tsakanin su. Akwai ta'adi ga dabbobin jinsi guda, wanda ke halayyar molosiyawa. Amma yawancin Saint Bernards suna farin cikin raba rayuwa tare da wasu karnukan, musamman irin nasu.
Yana da mahimmanci a koya wa mai shi nutsuwa da haƙuri game da zalunci daga wasu karnukan, saboda azabar ramuwar gayya na iya zama da gaske kuma yana haifar da mummunan rauni. Halin da ake dauka game da sauran dabbobi yana da nutsuwa sosai, basu da wata dabara ta farauta kuma suna barin kuliyoyi su kadai.
St. Bernards suna da horo sosai, amma ya kamata a fara wannan aikin da wuri-wuri. Su masu koyo ne masu sauri, masu wayo, masu ƙoƙarin farantawa da iya aikata dabaru masu wahala, musamman waɗanda suka shafi bincike da ceto. Mai haƙuri mai haƙuri zai sami kariyar nutsuwa da nutsuwa.
Amma, ba sa rayuwa don gamsar da mai gidan. Masu zaman kansu, sun fi son yin abin da suka ga dama. Ba wai suna da taurin kai ba ne, kawai dai lokacin da basa son yin wani abu ne, ba za su yi ba. St. Bernards sun fi dacewa da horo na ƙarfafa ƙarfafawa fiye da hanyoyi masu tsauri.
Wannan fasalin yana ƙaruwa ne kawai da shekaru. Wannan ba shine babban nau'in ba, amma zasuyi biyayya ne kawai ga wanda suke girmamawa.
Dole ne masu mallakar St Bernard su lura da kuma jagorantar su a kowane lokaci, saboda karnukan da ba a iya shawo kansu da nauyinsu ya kai kilogiram 100 na iya haifar da matsaloli.
St Bernards na buƙatar matakin aiki na yau da kullun don zama cikin ƙoshin lafiya.
Doguwar tafiya yau da kullun ya zama dole, in ba haka ba kare zai gaji kuma zai iya zama mai halakarwa. Koyaya, ayyukansu suna cikin hanya ɗaya kamar ta dukkan rayuwa, a hankali da nutsuwa.
Suna iya yin tafiyar awanni, amma suna yin foran mintoci kaɗan. Idan St. Bernard yayi tafiya, to a gida yana da nutsuwa da nutsuwa. Zai fi musu kyau su zauna a cikin gida mai zaman kansa, amma duk da girmansu, suma suna iya zama a cikin gida. Suna son motsa jiki waɗanda suke ɗorawa ba kawai jiki ba, har ma da kai, misali, tashin hankali.
Fiye da duka suna son yin wasa a cikin dusar ƙanƙara ... Masu mallaka suna buƙatar yin taka tsantsan tare da wasa kuma suyi aiki kai tsaye bayan ciyarwa saboda halin ɗabi'ar zuwa yawan zinare.
Masu yuwuwar iya buƙatar fahimtar cewa waɗannan karnukan basuda tsafta. Suna son gudu a cikin laka da dusar ƙanƙara, ɗauka duka su kawo gida. Kawai saboda girman su, suna iya ƙirƙirar babban rikici. Wannan shine ɗayan manyan karnuka kuma yawan malalo yana gudana. Sukan bar sharar gida da yawa a kusa dasu lokacin cin abinci, kuma zasu iya yin minshari sosai yayin bacci.
Kulawa
Suturar Saint Bernard tana buƙatar kulawa mai kyau. Wannan shine mafi ƙarancin mintuna 15 kowace rana, tare da wankin karen lokaci-lokaci. Masu gajeren gashi suna buƙatar ƙarancin ado, musamman bayan wanka.
Yana da mahimmanci a fara sabawa da dukkan hanyoyin da wuri-wuri, saboda yana da matuƙar wahala a samu kare mai nauyin kilogram 100 don yin wani abu.
Saint Bernards da aka zubar kuma saboda girmansu akwai ulu mai yawa. Sau biyu a shekara suna zubar da jini sosai kuma a wannan lokacin ya kamata kulawa ta kasance mai tsanani.
Lafiya
Ba da ciwo mai zafi ba, St. Bernards, kamar duk manyan karnuka, suna fama da takamaiman cututtuka kuma ba su daɗe. Kari akan haka, suna da karamin tafkin kwayar halitta, wanda ke nufin cewa cututtukan kwayoyin cuta na kowa ne.
Tsawon rayuwar St. Bernard shine shekaru 8-10 kuma 'yan kaɗan ne suka fi rayuwa.
Mafi yawan cututtuka a cikin su cututtuka na tsarin musculoskeletal. Waɗannan nau'ikan nau'ikan dysplasia ne da amosanin gabbai. Wata matsala mafi tsanani na iya zama ƙasusuwa mara haɗu da haɗin gwiwa yayin ƙuruciya, haifar da matsaloli yayin balagagge.
Wasu daga cikin waɗannan matsalolin suna da warkarwa ko hanawa, amma kuna buƙatar fahimtar cewa kula da irin wannan babban kare yana da tsada sosai.
Dole ne a biya hankali na musamman ga yanayin cikin gida da na waje. Haife shi don aiki a cikin yanayin sanyi na tsaunukan Alps, wannan nau'in yana da matukar damuwa ga yanayin zafi.
A lokacin zafin rana, bai kamata a ɗora wa kare ba, yin tafiya ya zama gajere, kuma a gida ana buƙatar wuri mai sanyi inda karen zai huce. Bugu da kari, saurin tafiya daga zafi zuwa sanyi shima ba kyawawa bane.
