Dambar Amur tana ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan dabbobin daji. Can baya a karni na 19, akwai kadan daga cikinsu. Koyaya, saboda mafarauta a cikin shekaru 30 na karni na ashirin, jinsin ya kusa gab da bacewa. A lokacin, mutane 50 ne kawai suka rage a yankin Tarayyar Soviet.
A yayin balaguron 2008-2009, an yi balaguro na musamman "Amur Tiger". Don haka, an gano cewa akwai damisa 6 kawai a cikin iyakokin Ussuriysky ajiya.
Bayanin nau'in
Dambar Amur tana cikin ajin dabbobi masu shayarwa. A zahiri, yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan wakilai masu lalata cikin duniyar, saboda yawanta zai iya kaiwa kilogram 300. Bugu da ƙari, bisa ga wasu rahotanni, a lokacin yawancin yawansu, akwai dabbobi na wannan nau'in, wanda nauyinsa kusan 400 kg. Ya tafi ba tare da faɗi cewa yanzu ba za ku sami irin waɗannan mutane ba.
Thearfin jikin wannan jinsin masu farautar suna da ban sha'awa sosai - damisa na iya ɗaukar ganimar da nauyinta yakai rabin tan. Saurin motsi zai iya kaiwa zuwa 80 km / h, kuma a cikin wannan alamar yana da na biyu kawai ga cheetah.
Ba shi yiwuwa a lura da bayyanar wannan dabba. Kamar sauran masu farautar wannan aji, suna da launi a cikin hanyar jan baya da kuma ratsi mai fari. Ya kamata a lura cewa a wannan yanayin, wannan launi yana taka rawar gani - don samun abin farauta, damisa tana buƙatar kusantowa da ita sosai, kuma a cikin abin da wannan launi ke taimakawa, tunda kawai yana haɗuwa da busassun ciyayi.
Tiger abinci
Mai farauta yana cin nama ne kawai kuma mafi yawan lokuta yana cin ganyayyaki da manyan girma. Gabaɗaya, Damin Amur yana ɓatar da yawancin lokaci don neman ganima. Dabbobin daji, jan barewa, barewa sune babban abincin mai farauta. Suna buƙatar kimanin ungulat 50 a kowace shekara don ingantaccen abinci. Koyaya, idan dabbar bata da farauta mai yawa, to baya raina ƙananan ganima - dabbobi, badgers, hares, da sauransu. Damisa na iya cin kusan kilo 30 na nama a lokaci guda, amma matsakaicin abin da aka ba shi shine kilo 10.
Rayuwa
Ko ta yaya girman dabbar nan, amma duk da haka, halaye da ke tattare da su a cikin dukkan halayen ba za a iya cire su daga gare ta ba. Damisa ya fi son kaɗaici - ya shiga cikin kayan, shi ma yana tafiya shi kaɗai don farauta. Damis ɗin Amur ya bar yankinta ne kawai idan ya zama dole a kama ganima mai yawa. Mai farautar ya kuma bar alamun na musamman a kan yankinsa:
- rips daga haushi daga bishiyoyi;
- bar zane;
- feshin fitsari akan ciyayi ko kankara.
Namiji yana kare yankinsa da matukar wahala - damisa tana kokarin kawai ta lalata masu kutse ne, amma rikici da wakilan jinsinsa yana kokarin kawar da shi ta hanyar wata kara mai karfi. Yakin damisa na Amur mizani ne mai girman gaske. Bugu da ƙari, tsawon shekaru zai iya rayuwa cikin cikakkiyar nutsuwa.
Kowane mutum yakan hayayyafa sau ɗaya a kowace shekara biyu. Damisa a dabi'ance dabbobi ne masu auren mata fiye da daya, saboda haka, ana iya kiyaye mata da yawa a kan iyakarta gaba ɗaya. Idan wani damisa ya yi da'awar su, to ko da fada yana yiwuwa.
Wurin zama
Wannan nau'in mai farautar yana zaune ne a yankin kudu maso gabashin Rasha, bankunan Kogin Amur, a Manchuria har ma da yankin DPRK. Mafi yawan damisa a wannan lokacin suna cikin yankin Lazovsky, a cikin Yankin Primorsky.
Yankin zama mai daɗin damisa shine yankin kogi mai tsaunuka tare da bishiyoyi kamar itacen oak da itacen al'ul. Damisa babba na iya zama a yanki har zuwa kilomita murabba'in 2000 ba tare da wata matsala ba kuma tare da iyakar jin daɗi. Mace na iya tsayawa kai tsaye wurin yanki har zuwa murabba'in kilomita 450.
Dalilan bacewar
Tabbas, babban dalilin da yasa kusan adadin damun Amur ya ɓace shine ƙarancin kisan su daga mafarauta. An kashe damisa har ɗari a shekara, kawai don samun fatar.
Koyaya, masana kimiyya da suka yi nazarin wannan batun dalla-dalla sun gano cewa dalilin bacewar ba wai kawai yin harbi ba ne. Dalilin ɓacewar na iya kasancewa waɗannan masu zuwa:
- rashin isasshen adadin kayan abinci;
- da gangan lalata bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi inda Amur damisa suke.
Ya tafi ba tare da faɗi cewa waɗannan abubuwan biyu ba sun tashi ba tare da taimakon ɗan adam ba.
Abin da ke faruwa tare da Amur damisa yanzu
Yanzu wannan jinsin masu farautar yana cikin littafin Red Book kamar haka, wanda yake gab da bacewa. Manya da 'yan maruƙa suna ƙarƙashin tsananin kariya a cikin yankunan kariya. Koyaya, bisa ga lura, an gano cewa yankin da aka kiyaye bazai isa gare su ba kuma sun wuce shi, wanda yake da haɗari sosai.
Abun takaici, wannan yayi nesa da jinsin dabbobin da suka kusan bacewa daga doron duniya kawai saboda mutane sun sa himmar hakan. A wannan halin, yawan harbe-harben saboda sha'awar samun kuɗi ya haifar da irin wannan mummunan sakamakon.
Masana a wannan fannin suna yin iya kokarinsu don kara yawan damisar Amur. Koyaya, yana da matukar wahala wannan mai farautar ya hayayyafa a cikin fursuna, saboda haka ƙoƙari mai yawa baya haifar da nasara koyaushe.
