Mafi qarancin dabba daga jinsin llama shine vicuña. Dabbobi masu shayarwa suna cikin gidan Camelidae kuma galibi ana samunsu a yankin Kudancin Amurka. Vicuñas dabbobi ne na dabbobi kuma a waje suna da kamanceceniya da alpacas, guanacos har ma da raƙuma. Daga karshen, dabbobi masu shayarwa sun banbanta idan babu yanayin hazo da girman su. Yanayin rayuwar mutane na dangin Camelidae ba su da kyau - suna a tsawan kilomita 5.5. Dabbar tana rarrabe ta siririn sifa, alheri da halaye.
Bayani da halayen vicuna
Dabbobin suna girma har zuwa 1.5 m a tsayi, tare da matsakaita nauyin 50 kg. Vicuñas suna da suturar gashi mai laushi zuwa taɓa kuma mai kauri sosai. Layin gashi ne wanda yake tseratar da dabbobi daga mummunan yanayi, gami da iska da ruwan sama, sanyi da sauran mummunan yanayi.
Vicuñas suna da ɗan gajere, da dogayen kunnuwa, da wuyan murji wanda zai basu damar ganin abokan gaba a nesa. A ciki, a matsayinka na mai mulki, launin gashi kusan fari ne, yayin da a bayansa launin ruwan kasa ne. Kaifin hakoran da aka siffa kamar incisors sune manyan abubuwan rarrabewar vicunas daga wasu tsarukan. Tare da taimakonsu, dabbar tana yanka ciyawar cikin sauƙi kuma tana jin daɗin cin abincin.
Dabbobin garken tumaki sun fi son kasancewa cikin rukuni na mutane 5-15. Kowane garken yana da shugaba na namiji wanda ke da alhakin kiyaye lafiyar “iyali” kuma cikin biyayya yake kiyaye ta. "Ayyuka" sun haɗa da lokaci don faɗakar da garken game da kusancin haɗari ta hanyar bayar da wata alama. Za a iya fitar da shugaban namiji daga cikin kayan, yana la'antar shi zuwa rayuwar kadaici.
Artiodactyls suna hutawa da daddare kuma suna tafiyar da rayuwa mai kyau da rana. Gabaɗaya, vicuñas suna cikin natsuwa da kwanciyar hankali, amma wani lokacin halayensu yana da kama.
Gina Jiki da haifuwa
Tun da vicuñas suna rayuwa cikin mawuyacin hali, abin da kawai za su iya samu a can shine abincinsu. Artiodactyls suna cin abinci akan ciyawa, ganye, rassa, harbe da tauna ciyayi sosai. Dabbobi ba sa son cin asalinsu, amma suna kaunar hatsi na hatsin daji.
Dabbobi masu shayarwa basu da yawa kuma ba kasafai ake samu a daji ba. A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, an yi ƙoƙari vicunas ta zama cikakkiyar gida. Saboda hadarin bacewa daga fuskar duniyar tamu, an sanya dabbobi a cikin Littafin Ja.
Lokacin yin kwaro yana farawa a cikin bazara. Ciki yana ɗaukar tsawon watanni 11, daga nan sai a haifi foals. Yaran suna kusa da uwar na kimanin watanni 12 kuma suna kiwo kusa da ita. Bayan tsawon lokacin girma, dabbobi masu shayarwa suna zama a garken shekara biyu, sannan kuma su shiga cikin girma da rayuwa kyauta.
Fasali na vicuna
Vicuñas na musamman ne a cikin nau'ikan su kuma babu ire-iren su a duniya. Dabbobin suna da kamanceceniya da guanacos (kuma ma suna iya yin tarayya da su), llamas da raƙuma. Amma bambancin har yanzu ya ta'allaka ne da tsarin haƙoran dabbobi da haƙoransu.
An yi imanin cewa alpacas sun fito ne daga vicunas. Yau ya riga ya zama jinsin jinsin gidan Camelid. Abin sha'awa, hatta gogaggen masanin ba zai iya bambance namiji vicuña da mace ba, tunda dimorphism ba na halayyar wannan nau'in dabbobin ba. Duk mutane suna kama da juna.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa
Shekaru da yawa da suka wuce, mutane sun tara manyan garkunan vicunas don yanke gashin dabbobi. Bayan haka, an sake dabbobi masu shayarwa, kuma daga kayan da aka karɓa sun yi tufafi waɗanda aka yi niyya ga masu martaba. Duk waɗanda suka yi ƙoƙari su shawo kan vicunas sun ci nasara. A yau ana ɗaukar ulu daga ɗayan rarest kuma mafi tsada. Don kada a kashe dabbobi masu shayarwa, hukumomi sun dauki matakan tabbatar da lafiyarsu.
Dangane da bincike, an ga vicuñas a cikin Andes a cikin karni na XII. BC.
