Amur shine kogi mafi girma ba kawai a cikin Rasha ba, har ma a duniya, wanda tsawon sa ya wuce kilomita 2824, saboda reshen wasu rafuka, an kafa tafkuna masu ambaliyar ruwa. Saboda dalilai na halitta da aiki na anthropogenic, tsarin kogin ya canza, kuma ruwan kansa ya zama datti kuma bai dace da sha ba.
Matsalolin Yanayin Ruwa
Masana sun yi jayayya cewa daya daga cikin matsalolin muhalli na Amur shine tsawaitawa, watau yawan jikewar tafki tare da abubuwan da ke haifar da kwayar halitta. A sakamakon haka, yawan algae da plankton a cikin ruwa suna ƙaruwa sosai, adadi mai yawa na nitrogen da phosphorus sun bayyana, kuma iskar oxygen tana raguwa. A nan gaba, wannan yana haifar da ƙarancin flora da fauna na kogin.
Yin nazarin yanayin ruwa a cikin kogin. Amur, masana sun bayyana shi a matsayin datti da datti sosai, kuma a yankuna daban-daban masu alamomin sun bambanta. Wannan yana sauƙaƙa ta ruwan sha na gida da na masana'antu. Abubuwan da ke cikin ƙwayoyin sunadarai da abubuwan ɗabi'a a cikin yankin ruwa yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa akwai matsaloli game da tsarkake kai na tafkin, da yanayin zafi da haɓakar haɓakar ruwa.
Gurbatar ruwa
Cibiyoyin masana'antu da zamantakewar jama'a sun gurɓata Kogin Amur a Rasha, China da Mongolia. Mafi girman lalacewa ta faru ne ta hanyar manyan masana'antun masana'antu, waɗanda kusan ba sa tsarkake ruwa kafin a zubar da su. Matsakaitan masu nuna alama na shekara-shekara sun nuna cewa kimanin tan 234 na abubuwan sunadarai da mahaɗan an zubar da su cikin kogin, wanda daga cikinsu yawancin waɗannan abubuwa sune:
- sulfates;
- kayayyakin mai;
- chloride;
- kitsen mai;
- nitrates;
- phosphorus;
- mai;
- abubuwa;
- baƙin ƙarfe;
- kwayoyin halitta.
Matsalolin amfani da Cupid
Babban matsalolin muhalli sun ta'allaka ne da cewa kogin ya ratsa ta tsakanin jihohi uku, waɗanda ke da gwamnatoci daban-daban don amfani da albarkatun ruwa. Don haka waɗannan ƙasashe sun banbanta a ƙa'idodin jigilar kaya, wurin da masana'antun masana'antu suke a ƙasar tafkin. Tunda an gina madatsun ruwa da yawa a gefen bakin teku, gadon Amur ya canza. Hakanan, haɗari, wanda galibi ke faruwa a wuraren da ke bakin teku, suna da tasirin gaske akan tsarin ruwan. Abin takaici, har yanzu ba a kafa dokokin da aka ruwaito na amfani da albarkatun kogin ba.
Don haka, Kogin Amur ya zama datti. Wannan yana ba da gudummawa ga canjin tsarin tafki da kaddarorin ruwa, wanda ke haifar da canje-canje a cikin fure da fauna na yankin ruwa.
Magani
Don magance matsalolin muhalli na Kogin Amur, hukumomi da jama'a suna ɗaukar matakai masu zuwa:
Tun daga shekarar 2018 aka lura da albarkatun ruwa na yankin - Kogin Amur. Tauraron dan adam din suna bin diddigin ayyukan kamfanonin hakar zinare, gurbatattun masana'antu na hanyoyin ruwa.
Wani dakin gwaje-gwaje na hannu yana zuwa yankuna masu nisa na Amur, yana yin nazari kuma akan tabo ya tabbatar da gaskiyar fitowar, wanda ke hanzarta kawar da mummunar tasirin akan kogin.
Hukumomin yankin sun ki su jawo hankalin 'yan kwadagon kasar Sin, ta yadda' yan kasar da ke makwabtaka da su ba za su sami wadatattun dama a cikin haramtaccen ci gaba da zinariya a bankunan Amur ba.
Aikin tarayya "Ruwa Mai Tsabta" yana motsawa:
- gina cibiyoyin kula da ruwan sha daga hukumomin yankin;
- bullo da sabbin fasahohi daga kamfanoni don takaita amfani da ruwa.
Tun daga 2019, tashar sunadarai da nazarin halittu CHPP-2:
- rage yawan amfani da ruwan Amur don buƙatun tashar dumi;
- tsarkake magudanar ruwa;
- ilmin halitta ya lalata najasa;
- maida ruwa zuwa samarwa.
Federalungiyoyin kare muhalli na tarayya, na yanki da na birni 10 da ke lura da gaskiyar take hakki, ƙirƙirar shirye-shirye don jawo hankalin masu aikin sa kai na muhalli a yankin don tsabtace yankin bakin teku na Amur.
