Yawancin yawancin mutanen duniya suna rayuwa ne a cikin birane, saboda wuraren biranen suna da yawa. A halin yanzu, yana da kyau a lura da abubuwa masu zuwa ga mazaunan birane:
- tabarbarewar yanayin rayuwa;
- ci gaban cututtuka;
- faduwar yawan ayyukan dan adam;
- raguwar tsawon rai;
- gurbatar yanayi;
- canjin yanayi.
Idan ka tara dukkan matsalolin biranen zamani, jerin zasu kare. Bari mu bayyana mafi mahimmancin matsalolin muhalli na birane.
Canjin ƙasa
Sakamakon biranen birni, akwai matsin lamba mai mahimmanci akan lithosphere. Wannan yana haifar da canji a cikin sauƙin, samuwar karst wofi, da hargitsi na kogunan kogi. Bugu da kari, kwararowar hamada yankuna na faruwa, wadanda suka zama basu dace da rayuwar shuke-shuke, dabbobi da mutane ba.
Lalata yanayin wuri
Anyi mummunar lalacewar flora da fauna, bambancinsu ya ragu, wani nau'in "birane" ya bayyana. Adadin yankuna da wuraren shakatawa, wuraren kore suna raguwa. Mummunan tasirin yana zuwa ne daga motocin da suka mamaye manyan titunan birni da na kewayen birni.
Matsalar samar da ruwa
Ruwa da tafkuna an gurɓata ta da ruwan sha na masana'antu da na gida. Duk wannan yana haifar da raguwa a yankunan ruwa, ƙarancin tsire-tsire na kogi da dabbobi. Duk albarkatun ruwa na duniya sun gurbace: ruwan karkashin kasa, tsarin ruwa mai karko, Tekun Duniya baki daya. Ofaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar shine karancin ruwan sha, wanda ke haifar da mutuwar dubunnan mutane a doron ƙasa.
Gurbatar iska
Wannan shine farkon matsalolin muhalli da ɗan adam ya gano. Yanayi ya gurbata da iskar gas daga motoci da hayakin masana'antu. Duk wannan yana haifar da yanayi mai ƙura, ruwan sama na ruwa. A nan gaba, iska mai datti ya zama dalilin cututtukan mutane da dabbobi. Tunda ana sare daji sosai, yawan shuke-shuke da suke sarrafa carbon dioxide yana raguwa a doron kasa.
Matsalar sharar gida
Sharar gida wata hanya ce da take samar da kasa, ruwa da gurbatacciyar iska. An sake yin amfani da abubuwa daban-daban a cikin dogon lokaci. Rushewar kowane abu yana ɗaukar shekaru 200-500. A halin yanzu, aikin sarrafawa yana gudana, ana sakin abubuwa masu cutarwa waɗanda ke haifar da cututtuka.
Hakanan akwai wasu matsalolin muhalli na birane. Babu ƙaramin dacewa shi ne hayaniya, gurɓataccen iska, yawan theasa, matsalolin aiki na hanyoyin sadarwar birni. Kawar wadannan matsalolin yakamata ayi aiki dasu a matakin koli, amma mutane da kansu zasu iya daukar kananan matakai. Misali, jefa kwandon shara a cikin kwandon shara, ajiye ruwa, ta amfani da jita-jita da za'a iya sake amfani da su, dasa shukoki.
