Karafa ita ce masana'antu mafi girma, amma, kamar sauran yankuna na tattalin arziki, yana da mummunan tasiri ga mahalli. A tsawon shekaru, wannan tasirin yana haifar da gurɓataccen ruwa, iska, ƙasa, wanda ya ƙunshi canjin yanayi.
Hayakin iska
Babbar matsala a cikin karafa ita ce abubuwa masu haɗari masu haɗari da mahaɗan shiga cikin iska. Ana sake su yayin konewar mai da sarrafa albarkatun kasa. Dogaro da ƙayyadaddun abubuwan samarwa, gurɓatattun abubuwa masu shiga cikin yanayi:
- carbon dioxide;
- aluminum;
- arsenic;
- hydrogen sulfide;
- merkury;
- antimony;
- sulfur;
- kwano;
- nitrogen;
- jagoranci, da dai sauransu
Masana sun lura cewa a kowace shekara, saboda aikin shuke-shuke, ana fitar da akalla tan miliyan 100 na sulphur dioxide a cikin iska. Lokacin da ta shiga sararin samaniya, daga baya sai ta faɗi ƙasa a cikin yanayin ruwan sama na acid, wanda ke ƙazantar da duk abin da ke kewaye: bishiyoyi, gidaje, tituna, ƙasa, filaye, koguna, teku da tabkuna.
Ruwan sharar masana'antu
Ainhin matsalar matsalar karafa ita ce gurbatar jikin ruwa da kayan masarufi. Ma'anar ita ce ana amfani da albarkatun ruwa a matakai daban-daban na aikin karafa. A yayin waɗannan ayyukan, ruwa yana cike da abubuwa masu ƙanshi da acid, ƙazamtattun ƙazanta da cyanides, arsenic da cresol. Kafin a watsar da irin wadannan mayukan cikin jikin ruwa, ba safai ake tsarkake su ba, saboda haka duk wannan “hadaddiyar giyar” da ke hada sinadarin karafa an wanke ta a yankin da biranen suke. Bayan haka, ruwa mai wadatacce tare da waɗannan mahaɗan, ba kawai za a iya sha ba, amma ana amfani dashi don ayyukan gida.
Sakamakon gurbataccen yanayi
Gurɓatar muhalli ta masana'antar ƙarfe, da farko, yana haifar da tabarbarewar lafiyar jama'a. Mafi munin duka shine yanayin yanayin waɗanda suke aiki a cikin irin waɗannan masana'antun. Suna haifar da cututtukan da ke haifar da nakasa da mutuwa. Hakanan, duk mutanen da ke zaune kusa da masana'antu daga ƙarshe suna kamuwa da cututtuka masu tsanani, saboda ana tilasta musu shan iska mai datti da shan ruwa mara kyau, kuma magungunan ƙwari, ƙarfe masu nauyi da nitrates suna shiga jiki.
Don rage matakin mummunan tasirin karafa a kan muhalli, ya zama dole a ci gaba da amfani da sabbin fasahohin da ke da aminci ga mahalli. Abin baƙin cikin shine, ba duk masana'antun ke amfani da matatun tsarkakewa da kayan aiki ba, kodayake wannan wajibi ne a cikin ayyukan kowane masana'antar sarrafa ƙarfe.
