Hoopoe (Upupa epops) wani ƙaramin tsuntsu ne mai launi mai haske tare da dogon kunkuntun baki da ƙyalli, wani lokacin a buɗe shi a fanka mai fanke. Wannan nau'in tsuntsayen na tsarin Hornbill ne da dangin Hoopoe (Upupidae).
Bayanin hoopoe
Karamin tsuntsu mai girman tsayi aƙalla 25-29 cm tsayi tare da madaidaicin fikafikan 44-48 cm... Saboda kamanninta na yau da kullun, hoopoe na daga cikin tsuntsayen da ake iya ganewa da sauƙi.
Bayyanar
Wakilan umarnin Hornbill da dangin Hoopoe an banbanta su da kasancewar zanin fuka-fuka da fari daga fuka-fukai da jela, dogon baki mai kaurin gaske, da kuma doguwar tsaka mai tsayi a yankin kai. Launin wuya, kai, da kirji, ya danganta da yanayin ƙananan, zai iya bambanta daga launin launin ruwan hoda zuwa launin ruwan goro mai ruwan kasa.
Wakilan wannan jinsin ana rarrabe su da fukafukai masu fadi da fadi, masu launuka iri-iri tare da bambancin launin rawaya-rawaya da baki. Wutsiyar matsakaiciyar tsayi, baƙar fata, tare da faɗi mai faɗi mai faɗi a tsakiya. Yankin ciki a jiki launin ruwan hoda ne-ja, tare da kasancewar raƙuman raƙuman raƙuman ruwa na tsaye a kan gefuna.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A lokacin maguzawa, a tsakanin Chechens da Ingush, ana ganin kofofi ("tushol-kotam") tsuntsaye masu tsarki, wanda ke nuna allahiyar haihuwa, bazara da haihuwar Tusholi.
Theunƙwasa a cikin yankin kai yana da launi mai launin ruwan hoda mai launin ruwan hoda, tare da baƙin gashin tsuntsu. Yawancin lokaci, tsuntsun tsuntsu yana da rikitarwa kuma yana da tsawon 5-10 cm. Duk da haka, ana cikin saukowa, wakilan umarnin Hornbill da dangin Hoopoe sun shimfida shi zuwa sama kuma suna fitowa waje. Bakin tsuntsu mai girma tsayinsa yakai 4-5 cm, ya ɗan lanƙwasa ƙasa.
Yaren, ba kamar sauran nau'in tsuntsayen ba, an ragu sosai. Yankin ƙafafu shine gubar-launin toka. Gabobin jikin tsuntsu suna da karfi, tare da gajerun hanyoyin kafa da kuma fika.
Salon rayuwa, hali
A saman duniya, hoopo yana tafiya da sauri kuma yana da kyau, fiye da yadda suke kama da tauraruwar taurari.... A alamun farko na tashin hankali kwatsam, haka kuma lokacin da tsuntsayen ba sa iya guduwa gaba ɗaya, irin wannan tsuntsu na iya ɓoyewa, yana laulaye zuwa saman duniya, yana watsa wutsiyarsa da fikafikansa, sannan kuma yana ɗaga yankin baki.
A mataki na sanya zuriyarsu da ciyar da kajin, manyan tsuntsaye da jarirai suna samar da wani ruwa mai maiko wanda glandon coccygeal ke fitarwa kuma yana da wari, wari mara dadi. Sakin irin wannan ruwan tare da dusar ruwa wani nau'ine na kariya daga hoopoe daga masu cin matsakaiciyar ƙasar.
Wannan halayyar halayyar tsuntsaye ce ta ba da damar a gaban mutum ya zama wata "ƙazamtacciya". A cikin gudu, hoopoes ba su da sauri, suna birgima kamar malam buɗe ido. Koyaya, irin wannan wakilin na Rhinoceros da dangin Hoopoe abu ne mai sauƙin motsi, saboda abin da masu farauta masu fuka-fukai ba sa saurin kama shi a cikin iska.
Har yaushe hoopoe yana rayuwa
Matsakaicin rayuwar hopo, a matsayinka na doka, bai wuce shekaru takwas ba.
Jima'i dimorphism
Maza da hoopoe da mata na wannan nau'in ba su da wani bambanci mai mahimmancin ra'ayi a tsakanin su. Birdsananan tsuntsayen da ke cikin tsari Hornbill da dangin Hoopoe, gabaɗaya, masu launi ne a cikin launuka marasa ƙarancin ɗumi, an lura da bambanci a cikin ɗan gajeren baki, kazalika da gajeriyar tarko.
Ire-iren hoopoe
Akwai wakilai da yawa na wakilan Hornbill da dangin Hoopoe (Upupidae):
- Epopops epops, ko Common Hoopoe, wanda shine ƙaramin zaɓi. Tana zaune a Eurasia daga Tekun Atlantika kuma a yamma zuwa yankin Scandinavia, a kudu da tsakiyar yankunan Rasha, a Gabas ta Tsakiya, a Iran da Afghanistan, a arewa maso yammacin Indiya da yankin arewa maso yammacin China, da kuma a cikin Canary Islands da kuma a arewa maso yammacin Afirka;
- Upasashen biyu Upupa ya ba da babbar rayuwa a Misira, arewacin Sudan, da gabashin Chadi. A halin yanzu shi ne mafi yawan kananan kabilu, yana da baki mai tsayi, launin toka-toka a saman sashin jiki da kuma kunkuntar bandeji a yankin wutsiya;
- Senegalensis na epupa epops, ko kuma hofin Senegal, yana zaune a yankin Aljeriya, bel bel na Afirka daga Senegal zuwa Somalia da Habasha. Waɗannan ƙananan ƙananan nau'ikan nau'ikan ne da ke da ɗan gajeren fikafikai da kasancewar babban adadin farin akan fuka-fukan firamare na farko;
- subsupa Upupa epops waibeli shine asalin mazaunin Afirka ta Kudu daga Kamaru da arewacin Zaire da yamma zuwa Uganda. Wakilan kananan kamfanonin sun zama ruwan dare gama gari a gabashin arewacin Kenya. Bayyanar yayi kama da U. e. senegalensis, amma ya bambanta da launuka masu duhu a launi;
- Upupa epops africana, ko hutun Afirka, ya zauna a Equatorial da Afirka ta Kudu daga tsakiyar Zaire zuwa tsakiyar Kenya. Wakilan wannan rukunin suna da jan duhu mai duhu, ba tare da kasancewar fararen ratsi a gefen gefen reshe ba. A cikin maza, ana fifita fikafikan reshe na biyu ta tushe fari;
- Upupa epops marginata, ko kuma hopo na Madagascar, wakili ne na tsuntsayen arewacin, yamma da kudancin Madagascar. A girma, irin wannan tsuntsu ya fi girma girma fiye da raƙuman da suka gabata, kuma ya bambanta a gaban labulen launuka da fararen raƙuman raƙuman ƙira da ke kan fikafikan;
- Peananan satupa epops saturata suna zaune a Eurasia daga kudanci da yankunan tsakiyar Rasha zuwa gabashin tsibirin Japan, kudu da tsakiyar China. Girman wannan nau'ikan tallan da aka zaɓa bai yi yawa ba. Ana rarrabe wakilan ƙananan ƙananan ta ɗan kaɗan launin toka a bayanta, da kuma kasancewar kasancewar ɗan ƙaramin launin ruwan hoda a cikin ciki;
- subspepa Upupa epops ceylonensis yana zaune a tsakiyar Asiya kudu da Pakistan da arewacin Indiya, a Sri Lanka. Wakilan wannan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan girmansu ne, galibi suna da launi mafi jan launi, kuma fararen launi a saman ƙofar ba su nan gaba ɗaya;
- Abubuwan da ke cikin Upupa epops longirostris sun kasance a cikin ƙasar Indiya na Asom, Indochina da Bangladesh, gabas da kudancin China, da kuma Malacca Peninsula. Tsuntsu ya fi girma girma fiye da nau'ikan keɓaɓɓu. Idan aka kwatanta da bayyanarta, U. ceylonensis yana da launi mai launi da kuma ɗan madaidaitan ratsi mai haske akan fikafikan.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Tsoffin tsuntsayen tsuntsaye, kwatankwacin kofunan zamani, ana ɗaukarsu a matsayin tsohuwar Messan gidan da suka mutu Messelirrisoridae.
Hatta hodaho da aka kama na kowane irin rukuni suna iya saurin saba da mutum kuma basa tashi daga gareshi, amma tuni kajin masu cikakken fuka-fukai suka samu gindin zama a gida.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Hopoe tsuntsu ne na Tsohuwar Duniya. A yankin Eurasia, tsuntsun ya bazu ko'ina tsawonsa, amma a yamma da sassan arewacin ba shi da gida a yankin Tsibirin Birtaniyya, Scandinavia, Benelux, da cikin tsaunukan Alps. A cikin Kasashen Baltic da Jamus, ana rarraba hoopoes lokaci-lokaci. A ɓangaren Turai, wakilan ƙauyen jin daɗin kudu na Tekun Filand, Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod da Yaroslavl, kazalika da jamhuriyoyin Bashkortostan da Tatarstan.
A yammacin Siberia, tsuntsaye suna hawa zuwa matakin 56 ° N. . A yankin Asiya nahiyoyi, hutu suna rayuwa kusan ko'ina, amma suna kauce wa yankuna hamada da yankunan gandun daji. Hakanan, ana samun wakilan dangin Hoopoe a cikin Taiwan, tsibirin Japan da Sri Lanka. A bangaren kudu maso gabas, sun sauka a yankin Malacca. Akwai lokuta na jiragen da ba safai ba zuwa Sumatra da ƙananan sassan Kalimantan. A cikin Afirka, babban zangon yana kudu da yankin Sahara, kuma a cikin Madagascar, kofunan suna zaune a yankin yammacin yamma.
A matsayinka na ƙa'ida, hoopoes suna zama a cikin fili ko a cikin yankuna masu tudu, inda ake bayar da fifiko ga buɗe shimfidar wurare kasancewar babu ciyawa mai tsayi a haɗe da kasancewar kowane itace ko ƙananan bishiyoyi. Yawan jama'a ya fi yawa a yankuna masu bushewa da dumi. Wakilan dangi suna zaune raƙuman raƙuman raƙumi da makiyaya, suna zaune kusa da gefen ko kan gefen gandun daji, suna zaune a cikin kwari da ƙauyuka, a cikin dunes na bakin teku.
Sau da yawa ana samun Hoopoes a cikin shimfidar wuraren da mutane ke amfani da shi, gami da makiyaya daban-daban, gonakin inabi ko gonakin 'ya'yan itace... Wasu lokuta tsuntsaye suna zama a ƙauyuka, inda suke ciyar da sharar gida daga shara. Tsuntsayen sun fi son kauce wa wurare masu laima da ƙananan filaye, kuma don ƙirƙirar wuraren zama suna amfani da tsofaffin bishiyoyi, rami tsakanin duwatsu, ramuka a ƙwanƙolin kogi, tuddai masu laushi, da kuma ɓacin rai a tsarin dutse. Hoopoe yana aiki ne kawai a cikin lokutan hasken rana, kuma yakan tafi dare zuwa kowane mafaka da ya dace da irin waɗannan dalilai.
Hoopoe abinci
Babban abincin hoopoe yana wakiltar yafi yawancin ƙananan invertebrates:
- tsutsa da kwari;
- May beetles;
- dung beetles;
- matattun masu ci;
- ciyawar ciyawa;
- malam buɗe ido;
- steppe filly;
- kudaje;
- tururuwa;
- tururuwa;
- gizo-gizo;
- kwarkwata itace;
- masu kafaɗɗu;
- kananan molluscs.
A wasu lokutan hoda manya na iya kama kananan kwadi, da kadangaru har ma da macizai. Tsuntsun yana cin abinci ne kawai a doron ƙasa, yana neman abin farautarsa a tsakanin ciyawa mai ƙarancin ƙasa ko kan ƙasan ciyayi. Maigidan da yake da dogon baki yana yawan yin juyi a cikin juji da tarin shara, yana neman abinci cikin rubabben itace, ko kuma yin ramuka mara zurfi a ƙasa.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Etwaro waɗanda suka fi girma girman girman guduma a ƙasa tare da hoopoe, sun shiga ƙananan ƙananan sassa, sannan a ci su.
Mafi yawan lokuta, wakilan Hornbill da dangin Hoopoe suna rakiyar dabbobin kiwo. Harshen hoopoe gajere ne, don haka wani lokacin irin waɗannan tsuntsayen ba sa iya haɗiye farauta kai tsaye daga ƙasa. A saboda wannan dalili, tsuntsayen suna jefa abinci a cikin iska, bayan haka suna kama shi su haɗiye shi.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Hoopoes ya kai ga balagar jima'i yana da shekara ɗaya. Wakilan kowane yanki suna da mata daya. A yankin ƙasar Rasha, irin waɗannan tsuntsayen suna isa wuraren zamansu da wuri, lokacin da farkon abin da ya narke ya bayyana, a watan Maris ko Afrilu. Nan da nan bayan isowa, maza suka mamaye filayen kiwo. Maza da suka manyanta na jima’i suna da rawar kai kuma suna ihu da ƙarfi, suna kiran mata. Muryar ƙasashen Madagascar tana kama da purr mai juyawa sosai.
A yayin neman aure, maza da mata suna tashi a hankali daya bayan daya, alama ce ta gidan da zasu zo nan gaba... Sau da yawa, ana amfani da yankin da aka zaɓa ta hanyar hoopoes shekaru da yawa. Mafi yawanci, tsuntsaye suna yin kiwo daban-daban nau'i-nau'i, kuma idan wasu tsuntsayen suna kusa, ana iya faɗa tsakanin maza waɗanda suka yi kama da zakara.
Don shirya gida, an zaɓi keɓaɓɓen wuri a cikin hanyar huɗar itace, kazalika da ƙwanƙolin dutse ko ɓacin rai a cikin gangaren dutsen. Idan babu madaidaicin matsuguni, ana iya saka ƙwai kai tsaye a ƙasa. Layin gurbi kwata-kwata baya nan ko kuma yana ƙunshe da featan fuka-fukai kaɗai, ruwan ciyawar ciyawa ko kashin saniya.
Wani lokaci rubabben ƙura icen itace yakan shigar dashi cikin rami ta hanyar hoopoes. Ba kamar sauran tsuntsaye ba, hoopo bai taba cire diga daga gida. Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, a matakin shiryawa da kara ciyar da kaji, irin wadannan tsuntsayen suna samar da wani irin mai mai mai. Glandan coccygeal yana ɓoye shi kuma yana da ƙanshi mara daɗi, wanda ke zama kyakkyawan kariya ga makiya a cikin yanayi.
Kiwo yana faruwa, a matsayin mai mulki, sau ɗaya a shekara, kuma girman kama na iya bambanta dangane da yanayin yanayi. Qwai suna da tsawo, 26x18 mm a girma kuma tare da matsakaita nauyin kimanin 4.3-4.4 g. Launi ya bambanta a cikin tsayi mai fadi, zai iya samun launin shuɗi ko koren launi. Kwai daya ake sanyawa a kowace rana, kuma abin dasawa zai fara ne da farkon kwan kuma yakan yi kamar wata daya. Bugu da ƙari, matsakaicin lokacin lokacin shiryawa bai wuce kwana goma sha biyar ba.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Cikakken ne kawai daga cikin mace yake, kuma namiji ne yake ciyar da ita a wannan lokacin. Chickajin da aka kyan gani makafi ne kuma an rufe su da launin jan mai ƙwari.
Bayan wasu 'yan kwanaki, wani kalar fure mai kalar fari-fari ta yi girma. Ciyar da kaji hakki ne na iyaye biyu, wanda a madadin haka suke kawo tsutsotsi da tsutsa daban-daban na kwari zuwa gida. Da shekara uku da haihuwa, kajin sun bar gidansu kuma a hankali za su fara tashi, suna sauran makonni da yawa kusa da iyayensu.
Makiya na halitta
Hutun yana firgita abokan gaba, da sauri yana fuka-fukai tare da miƙe fikafikansa zuwa saman duniya yana ɗaga bakinsa sama. A wannan matsayin, sun zama kamar wani abu da ba za'a iya fahimta ba kuma ba za'a iya tsammani ba, sabili da haka mummunan kuma ba za'a iya fahimtarsa ba.
Hakanan zai zama mai ban sha'awa:
- Aku kea
- Lambun hatsi
- Lapwings
- Goldfinches
Babu abokan gaba da yawa a cikin yanayi don hopo - wata dabba da ba ta da kyau za ta iya cin abincin wari mara daɗi da mara kyau. A ƙarshen karni na sha tara, a cikin Jamus, an ci naman babban kofato da kajin kuma an sami “mai daɗi”.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
A cikin Littafin Bayanai na Red Red na Duniya, hoopoes suna da matsayin haraji mai ƙananan haɗari (rukunin LC). Duk da cewa jimillar adadin tsuntsayen sun ragu a hankali a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tasirin ta a yau ba ya barin la'akari da wannan nau'in a matsayin mai rauni.
