Ob wani kogi ne wanda yake gudana ta yankin Tarayyar Rasha kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan koguna a duniya. Tsawonsa ya kai kilomita 3,650. Ob yana gudana zuwa cikin Tekun Kara. Yankunan ƙauyuka da yawa suna kan bankunanta, daga cikinsu akwai garuruwan da suke cibiyoyin yanki. Mutane suna amfani da kogin sosai kuma yana fuskantar babban larurar ɗan adam.
Bayanin kogi
Ob ya kasu kashi uku: babba, tsakiya da kasa. Sun banbanta da yanayin ciyarwar da kuma alkiblar kwararar. A farkon hanyar, tashar tana yin lankwasawa da yawa, ba zato ba tsammani kuma sau da yawa yana canza babban hanyar. Yana fara zuwa gabas, sannan zuwa yamma, sannan zuwa arewa. Daga baya, tashar ta zama mai karko sosai, kuma halin yanzu yana zuwa Tekun Kara.
A kan hanyarta, Ob yana da rafuka masu yawa a cikin manya da ƙananan rafuka. Akwai babban hadadden wutar lantarki na tashar wutar lantarki ta Novosibirsk tare da madatsar ruwa. A ɗaya daga cikin wuraren, bakin ya rarrabu, ya samar da rafuka biyu masu daidaita na kogin, ana kiran su Malaya da Bolshaya Ob.
Duk da yawan kogunan da ke kwarara zuwa cikin kogin, galibi Ob ana samun abinci ne ta hanyar dusar ƙanƙara, ma'ana, saboda ambaliyar ruwa. A lokacin bazara, idan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke, ruwan yakan malala zuwa kogin, yana samar da manyan ci gaba akan kankara. Mataki a cikin tashar yana tashi tun kafin ƙanƙarar ta karye. A zahiri, hauhawar matakin da cikar tasirin tashar suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin raunin kankara mai bazara. A lokacin bazara, kogin yana sake cika ruwan sama da rafuka daga tsaunukan kewaye.
Amfani da mutum na kogin
Saboda girmansa da zurfinsa mai kyau, ya kai mita 15, ana amfani da Ob don kewayawa. Tare da dukkanin tsawon, an rarrabe sassa da yawa, iyakance ga takamaiman ƙauyuka. Ana gudanar da jigilar kaya da fasinjoji tare da kogin. Mutane sun fara jigilar mutane ta hanyar Kogin Ob da daɗewa. Ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tura fursunoni zuwa yankunan Far North da Siberia.
Na dogon lokaci, wannan babban kogin Siberia ya taka rawar aikin jinya, yana ba mazauna yankin yawan kifi. Yawancin jinsuna ana samun su anan - sturgeon, sterlet, nelma, pike. Hakanan akwai masu sauki: irin su kishanis, perch, roach. Kifi koyaushe yana da matsayi na musamman a cikin abincin mutanen Siberians; a nan ana dafa shi, an soya shi, an sha shi, an bushe shi, ana amfani da shi don yin burodi mai daɗin kifin.
Ana kuma amfani da Ob a matsayin tushen ruwan sha. Musamman, an gina tafkin Novosibirsk a kanta, da nufin samar da ruwa ga birni mai yawan mutane sama da miliyan. A tarihi, ana amfani da kogin duk shekara ba kawai don bukatun shayar da ƙishirwa ba, har ma don ayyukan tattalin arziki.
Matsalolin Obi
Sa hannun ɗan adam a cikin tsarin halitta ba safai ake samun mummunan sakamako ba. Tare da ci gaban aiki na Siberia da gina birane tare da bakin kogin, gurɓataccen ruwa ya fara. Tuni a cikin karni na 19, matsalar shara da taki dawakai shiga cikin tashar ta zama gaggawa. Thearshen ya faɗi cikin kogin a lokacin hunturu, lokacin da aka ɗora hanya a kan kankara mai wahala, wanda sleighs da dawakai ke amfani da shi. Narkewar kankara ya haifar da shigowar taki cikin ruwa da kuma fara aiwatar da lalacewarta.
A zamanin yau, Ob yana fuskantar gurɓatacciyar iska ta ruwa da yawa na gida da masana'antu, da kuma sharar talakawa. Hanyar wucewar jiragen ruwa yana ƙara man injin da daidaita hayaƙin haya daga injunan jirgin zuwa ruwa.
Canje-canje a cikin ruwan da aka yi, rikicewar kwararar yanayi a wasu yankuna, gami da kamun kifi don haifar da haihuwa ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa wasu nau'ikan dabbobin ruwa suna cikin littafin Red Book na Rasha.
