Ural shine yankin da tsaunuka suke, kuma anan iyakar iyaka tsakanin Asiya da Turai ta wuce. A kudancin yankin, Kogin Ural yana kwarara zuwa cikin Tekun Caspian. Akwai yanki mai ban mamaki na halitta, amma saboda aikin ɗan adam, duniyar flora da fauna tana cikin haɗari. Matsalolin muhalli na Urals sun bayyana sakamakon aikin irin waɗannan masana'antun:
- sinadaran itace;
- man fetur;
- aikin karafa;
- injiniya;
- wutar lantarki.
Bugu da kari, halin da ake ciki ya kara tabarbarewa ne kasancewar yawancin kamfanoni suna aiki da kayan aikin da ba su dace ba.
Gurbacewar yanayi
Kamar yankuna da yawa na ƙasar, yankin Urals yana da gurɓataccen iska, wanda iska mai illa ke fitarwa. Kimanin 10% na hayakin da Magnitogorsk Metallurgical Plant ke samarwa. Reftinskaya wutar lantarki mai amfani da zafin jiki yana gurɓata iska ba ƙasa ba. Kamfanonin masana'antar mai suna ba da gudummawarsu, a kowace shekara suna fitar da kimanin tan dubu 100 na abubuwan da ke shiga sararin samaniya.
Gurbatar ruwa da ruwa
Daya daga cikin matsalolin Ural shine gurɓataccen ruwa da gurɓatar ƙasa. Hakanan masana'antun masana'antu suna ba da gudummawa ga wannan. Karfafan baƙin ƙarfe da kayayyakin mai na sharar gida sun shiga jikin ruwa da ƙasa. Yanayin ruwa a yankin bai gamsar ba, don haka 1/5 na bututun ruwa na Ural ne ke gudanar da cikakken tsarkake ruwan sha. Kashi 20% na gabobin ruwa na gundumar ne kawai suka dace don amfani. Bugu da kari, akwai wata matsala a yankin: ba a wadatar da jama'a da tsarin samar da ruwa da kuma tsarin shara.
Masana'antar hakar ma'adinai na ba da gudummawa ga hargitsi na sassan duniya. Wasu siffofin shimfidar wuri sun lalace. Hakanan ana ɗauka mummunan abu ne cewa ɗumbin ma'adinai suna kusan a cikin biranen birni, don haka yankin ya zama fanko, bai dace da rayuwa da noma ba. Kari akan haka, ana samun fanko kuma akwai hatsarin girgizar kasa.
Sauran matsalolin muhalli na Urals
Hakikanin matsalolin yankin sune kamar haka:
- gurbatar sinadarai wanda ya samo asali daga makamai masu guba da aka ajiye a can;
- barazanar gurɓatar nukiliya ta fito ne daga hadadden aiki tare da plutonium - "Mayak";
- sharar masana'antu, wacce ta tara kimanin tan biliyan 20, na gurɓata mahalli.
Saboda matsalolin muhalli, biranen yankin da yawa suna zama marasa daɗin rayuwa. Waɗannan su ne Magnitogorsk da Kamensk-Uralsky, Karabash da Nizhny Tagil, Yekaterinburg da Kurgan, Ufa da Chelyabinsk, da sauran ƙauyuka na yankin Ural.
Hanyoyi don magance matsalolin muhalli na Urals
Kowace shekara yanayin muhallin duniyarmu, musamman Urals, yana taɓarɓarewa "a idanunmu." Sakamakon hakar ma'adinai, ayyukan ɗan adam da sauran abubuwan da ke ba da gudummawa, layin iska na ƙasa, hydrosphere da ƙananan ƙasa suna cikin mummunan yanayi. Amma akwai hanyoyin magance shi, kuma kungiyoyin nade-naden jihohi da na jama'a suna daukar matakan da suka dace.
A yau akwai matsalolin muhalli da yawa a cikin Urals don warware su da sauri kuma kan kasafin kuɗi. Saboda haka, ya kamata a inganta yanayi mara kyau gaba ɗaya. Babban hanyoyin magance matsaloli sune:
- rage adadin sharar gida da na masana'antu - babban gurɓataccen mahalli har yanzu filastik ne, mafita mafi inganci ita ce a hankali juya zuwa takarda;
- maganin ruwa mai tsafta - don inganta yanayin ruwan da ya ta'azzara, ya isa shigar da wuraren kulawa masu dacewa;
- amfani da hanyoyin samar da makamashi mai tsabta - daidai yadda ake amfani da iskar gas, amfani da hasken rana da makamashin iska. Da fari dai, wannan zai ba da damar tsabtace yanayi, kuma abu na biyu, a yi watsi da makamashin nukiliya, sakamakon, daga hanyoyin aiwatar da abin da ake amfani da kayan kwal da mai.
Babu shakka, yana da mahimmanci a maido da tsirrai na yankin, a amince da wasu tsauraran dokoki da ƙa'idoji game da kiyaye muhalli, rage (rarraba daidai) jigila tare da rafuka kuma a tabbatar da "allura" ta kuɗi cikin wannan yanki. Yawancin masana'antun masana'antu ba sa zubar da sharar gida yadda yakamata. A nan gaba, masana'antun da aka gina na musamman wadanda ke aiwatar da dukkan nau'ikan kayan da ba su dace ba za su taimaka wajen sauya yanayin muhalli zuwa mafi kyau.
