Volga ita ce kogi mafi girma a cikin Rasha da Turai, wanda, tare da yankuna, ya samar da tsarin kogin na Volga. Tsawon kogin ya wuce kilomita dubu 3.5. Masana na tantance yanayin tafkin da shigar sa a matsayin masu datti da kazanta sosai. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa kusan kashi 45% na masana'antu da kashi 50% na kayan aikin gona na Rasha suna cikin tafkin Volga, kuma 65 daga cikin biranen 100 mafi ƙazanta a ƙasar suna bankunan. A sakamakon haka, yawan ruwan sha na masana'antu da na gida ya shiga cikin Volga, kuma matattarar ruwan tana karkashin nauyi wanda ya ninka yadda ake yi sau 8. Wannan ba zai iya ba amma ya shafi yanayin halittar kogin.
Matsalar tafki
An cika tafkin Volga da ƙasa, dusar ƙanƙara da ruwan sama. Lokacin da aka gina madatsun ruwa a kan kogin, tafkunan ruwa da tsire-tsire masu samar da wutar lantarki, yanayin kwarjin kogin ya canza. Hakanan, tsarkake kansa na tafkin ya ragu sau 10, tsarin sararin samaniya ya canza, saboda hakanne lokacin tsawan kankara a saman kogin ya karu, kuma a kasan ya rage. Haɗin sunadarai na ruwa kuma ya canza, tunda yawancin ma'adanai sun bayyana a cikin Volga, yawancinsu suna da haɗari da haɗari, kuma suna lalata flora da fauna na kogin. Idan a farkon karni na ashirin ruwan da ke kogin ya dace da sha, yanzu ba ya sha, tunda yankin ruwan yana cikin yanayin rashin tsafta.
Matsalar ci gaban Algae
A cikin Volga, yawan algae yana ƙaruwa kowace shekara. Suna girma tare da bakin teku. Haɗarin ci gaban su ya ta'allaka ne da sakin abubuwa masu haɗari masu haɗari, wasu daga cikinsu guba ne. Yawancinsu ba a san ilimin kimiyyar zamani ba, sabili da haka yana da wahala a yi hasashen sakamakon tasirin algae ga yanayin halittar kogin. Shuke-shuke da suka mutu sun fado zuwa kasan yankin ruwa, saboda bazuwar da suke yi a cikin ruwan, yawan sinadarin nitrogen da phosphorus na karuwa, wanda ke haifar da gurbacewar tsarin ruwa na biyu.
Gurɓatar mai
Babbar matsala ga Volga da shigar ta shine ambaliyar ruwa, mai da malalar mai. Misali, a shekarar 2008 a yankin Astrakhan. wani babban danshin mai ya bayyana a cikin kogin. A shekarar 2009, hatsarin tankar ya auku, kuma kimanin tan 2 na mai ya shiga cikin ruwa. Lalacewar yankin ruwa yana da mahimmanci.
Wannan ba cikakken lissafin matsalolin muhallin Volga bane. Sakamakon gurɓacewar yanayi ba wai kawai gaskiyar cewa ruwan bai dace da sha ba, amma saboda wannan, tsire-tsire da dabbobi suna mutuwa, kifin ya rikide, rafin kogi da tsarinsa ya canza, kuma a gaba gaba ɗayan yankin ruwan na iya mutuwa.
