Matsalolin muhalli a Japan

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Japan ta banbanta da sauran ƙasashe saboda tana kan tsibirai da yawa a cikin yankin girgizar ƙasa. Koyaya, wannan ingantacciyar fasaha ce mai fasaha tare da ingantattun fasahohin zamani a duniya.

Fasali na yanayin Japan

Babban fasalin wannan ƙasa shine babban aikin girgizar ƙasa. Girgizar ƙasa har zuwa 1,500 na faruwa a nan a shekara. Yawancinsu ba masu halakarwa bane, amma mutane suna ji dasu.

Gandun daji ya bunkasa sosai a Japan. Dazuzzuka sun mamaye sama da kashi 60% na yankin kasar. Fiye da nau'in bishiyoyi 700 da ganye 3,000 sananne ne gaba ɗaya. Tsibirin an rufe shi da kowane nau'in gandun daji - gauraye, coniferous da deciduous. Yanayin gandun daji ya bambanta daga wani tsibiri zuwa wancan.

Tsibirin Jafananci ba shi da alaƙa da babban yankin, saboda haka a cikin fauna na wannan ƙasar akwai ƙarancin abubuwa - rayayyun halittu da tsire-tsire waɗanda ke halayyar kawai wani yanki. Gabaɗaya, flora da fauna suna da wadataccen arziki a nan.

Bayanin tsarin muhalli

Yanayin muhalli a Japan ya canza dangane da lokacin ci gaba, da kuma abubuwan waje. Babban barnar da ta afka wa kasar a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu ya kawo jihar ga zama. A yankin biranen Japan na Hiroshima da Nagasaki, bama-bamai na nukiliya suka fashe, wanda ya tabbatar da gurɓataccen iska na waɗannan yankuna.

Domin dawo da ababen more rayuwa da daga darajar rayuwa bayan tashin hankali na tsakiyar karni na 20, Japan ta dauki matakan da basu hada da kare muhalli ba. An gina tashoshin makamashin nukiliya, manyan hanyoyi da yawa, kuma an yi aiki mai yawa don ƙirƙirar kayayyakin sufuri. Sakamakon hakan ya kasance lalacewar yanayin mahalli da gurɓataccen mahalli.

Dangane da lalacewar yanayin halittu da karin matsin lamba kan yanayin tsibirin, hukumomin Japan sun amince da sabon dokar kare muhalli a shekarar 1970. Hanyar da aka yi wa kwaskwarima game da albarkatun kasa da kariya daga tasirin anthropogenic sun daidaita yanayin.

Matsalolin zamani game da ilimin halittu na Japan

A yanzu, tsibiran Japan suna da manyan matsalolin muhalli da yawa: gurɓatar iska a cikin megacities daga iskar gas ɗin haya, abin da ake zubar da sharar gida, da kuma cika mahimman ruwa.

Ayyukan masana'antu da kimiyya na yau da kullun na Japan ba su nufin ci gaban fasaha kawai, har ma da kare muhalli. A yau akwai daidaito tsakanin ci gaban fasaha da kare yanayi. Injiniyoyin Japan suna ba da babbar gudummawa ga ƙwarewar duniya game da fasahohin ceton makamashi. A matsayin wani ɓangare na gwagwarmaya don iska mai tsafta, ana ci gaba da haɓaka injunan mota na zamani, ana gabatar da jigilar jama'a da ta masu zaman kansu a kan gogayyar lantarki (motocin lantarki).

Ayyukan muhalli a Japan suma sun shafi batutuwan canjin yanayi na duniya. Kasar ta shiga cikin Yarjejeniyar Kyoto - takarda kan rage fitar da hayaƙin carbon dioxide, da sauran sinadarai da ke ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban tasirin greenhouse a doron ƙasa.

Saboda yawan girgizar kasa a yankin, kusan Japan koyaushe tana cikin wani yanayi na kaifin muhalli da kaifin sarrafawa. Girgizar da ta faru a ranar 11 ga Maris, 2011 ita ce hujja a kan haka. Girgizar ƙasar ta lalata tankunan fasaha na tashar nukiliyar Fukushima-1, wanda daga gare ta ne hasken rana ke ɗigowa. Bayanin rediyo na radiyo a wurin haɗarin ya wuce iyakar izinin da aka yarda dashi sau takwas.

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Kalli bidiyon: Japan: The Age Of Social Withdrawal (Afrilu 2025).