Matsalar kiyaye yanayi ta dace da mutane da yawa a duk sassan duniya. Rayuwa a cikin manyan birane da ƙanana garuruwa, duk mutane suna jin kira na ɗabi'a zuwa matakai daban-daban. Wasu mutane masu zurfin tunani waɗanda suke son canza rayuwarsu kuma su shiga cikin ɗabi'a, suna aiwatar da ayyuka na gari, neman mutane masu tunani iri ɗaya da ƙirƙirar ƙauyuka.
A ginshikinsu, abubuwan da ke faruwa a rayuwa wata sabuwar hanyar rayuwa ce, babban daya daga cikinsu shine alaka tsakanin mutum da dabi'a, da kuma son rayuwa cikin jituwa da muhalli. Koyaya, wannan ba rayuwar keɓewa bane daga duniyar waje, mazaunan suna da yawan aiki da ayyukansu na yau da kullun, suna zuwa aiki da karatu. Bugu da kari, nasarorin wayewa - kimiyya, fasaha, al'adu - ana amfani da su a aikace a cikin yanayin kimiyyar halittu.
A yau, ba sanannun ƙauyukan muhalli da yawa ba, amma suna cikin ƙasashe daban-daban na duniya. A cikin Rasha, ya kamata mutum ya sanya suna "Jirgin", "Mai farin ciki", "Solnechnaya Polyana", "Yeseninskaya Sloboda", "Serebryany Bor", "Tract Sarap", "Milenki" da sauransu. Babban ra'ayin da ya sa aka samar da irin wadannan matsugunan shi ne sha'awar rayuwa cikin jituwa da dabi'a, samar da iyalai masu karfi da bunkasa kyakkyawar alaka da makwabta.
Ofungiyar ecovillages
Manufofin yau da kullun na tsara al'ummomin matsugunan muhalli sune kamar haka:
- ƙuntatawa muhalli;
- iyakance kai na samar da kayayyaki;
- aikace-aikacen fasahohin da ba su da lahani;
- noma a matsayin babban filin aiki;
- lafiyayyen salon rayuwa;
- girmama gandun daji;
- mafi ƙarancin amfani da albarkatun makamashi;
- gina gidaje ta amfani da fasaha mai amfani da makamashi;
- an haramta harshe na batsa, giya da shan sigari a cikin zamantakewar al'umma;
- ana amfani da abinci mai gina jiki;
- ayyukan jiki da na motsa jiki suna da mahimmanci;
- ana amfani da ayyukan ruhaniya;
- kyakkyawan ra'ayi da tunani suna da mahimmanci.
Makomar ecovillages
Mentsauyukan muhalli sun bayyana kwanan nan. A Turai da Amurka, yunƙurin farko don ƙirƙirar matsuguni wanda mutane ke rayuwa bisa ƙa'idodin da ke sama ya bayyana a cikin 1960s. Goma irin wannan sun fara bayyana a Rasha a ƙarshen 1990s, lokacin da aka fara tattauna matsalolin muhalli sosai, kuma ƙauyukan muhalli sun zama madadin matattarar megacities. A sakamakon haka, kusan irin wadannan matsugunai 30 yanzu an san su, amma yawansu na karuwa a koyaushe. Mutanen da ke zaune a wurin sun haɗa kai da ra'ayin ƙirƙirar al'umma da za ta yaba da kuma kare duniyar da ke kewaye da su. Yanzu yanayin yana nuna cewa makomar ta kasance ne ga ƙauyukan muhalli, saboda lokacin da mutane suka kasa kiyaye rayukansu a cikin manyan biranen, suna komawa asalinsu, ma'ana, zuwa ga kirjin yanayi.
