Galapagos (Chelonoidis elephantopus) - wakilin ajin dabbobi masu rarrafe, babban kunkuru wanda ya wanzu a wannan lokacin a duniya, wanda aka fi sani da giwa. Danginsa kawai na cikin ruwa, kunkuru mai fata, zai iya gasa tare da shi. Saboda ayyukan mutane da canjin yanayi, yawan wadannan kattai sun ragu sosai, kuma ana daukar su a matsayin jinsin dake cikin hatsari.
Bayani
Kunkuru na Galapagos yana ba kowa mamaki da girmansa, domin ganin kunkuru wanda nauyinsa yakai kilogiram 300 kuma tsawonsa ya kai mita 1 ya fi daraja, ɗaya daga cikin bawonsa ya kai mita 1.5 a diamita. Kwatanta yana da tsayi da sirara, kuma kan nata karami ne kuma zagaye, idanunta duhu ne kuma sunada nisa.
Ba kamar sauran nau'ikan kunkuru ba, wadanda kafafuwansu ba su da gajarta sosai wanda hakan ya sa suke takawa a ciki, Kunkurun giwa yana da dogaye har ma da gabobi, an rufe shi da duhu mai kauri mai kama da sikeli, ƙafafun suna ƙare da gajerun yatsun kafa. Hakanan akwai wutsiya - a cikin maza ya fi na mata tsayi. Jin ba shi da ci gaba, don haka ba su da kyau game da kusantar abokan gaba.
Masana kimiyya sun raba su zuwa nau'ikan nau'ikan halittu daban-daban:
- tare da kwasfa mai kwalliya;
- tare da kwalliyar sirdi.
A dabi'a, dukkanin bambanci a nan yana cikin siffar wannan ƙwarjin. A wasu, yana tashi sama da jiki a cikin hanyar baka, kuma a na biyu, yana kusa da wuya, nau'in kariya ta halitta ya dogara ne kawai da yanayin.
Gidajen zama
Theasar asalin tsuntsun Galapagos a zahiri tsibirin Galapagos ne, wanda ruwan Tekun Pasifik ya wanke shi, an fassara sunan su da "Tsibirin kunkuru." Hakanan ana iya samun Galapagos a cikin Tekun Indiya - a tsibirin Aldabra, amma a can waɗannan dabbobin ba su kai girma ba.
Dole kunkuru Galapagos su rayu cikin mawuyacin yanayi - saboda yanayin zafi a tsibiran akwai ciyayi kaɗan. Don mazauninsu, sun zaɓi yankuna masu ƙanƙanci da sararin da suka mamaye dazuzzuka, suna son ɓoyewa a cikin dazuzzuka a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi. Kattai sun fi son wankan laka da hanyoyin ruwa, saboda wannan kyawawan halittun suna neman ramuka tare da daushin ruwa da burrow a can tare da dukkan ƙananan jikinsu.
Fasali da salon rayuwa
Duk hasken rana, dabbobi masu rarrafe suna ɓoye a cikin dazuzzuka kuma kusan basa barin matsugunansu. Da dare kawai suke fita yawo. A cikin duhu, kunkuru ba su da ƙarfi, saboda jinsu da ganinsu ya ragu.
A lokacin damina ko fari, kunkurulen Galapagos na iya yin ƙaura daga wannan yankin zuwa wancan. A wannan lokacin, yawancin lokaci masu zaman kansu masu zaman kansu suna haɗuwa cikin rukuni na mutane 20-30, amma a cikin gama kai basu da ma'amala da juna kuma suna rayuwa daban. 'Yan'uwa suna sha'awar su kawai a lokacin rutting.
Lokacin saduwarsu ya faɗi a cikin watannin bazara, kwanciya da ƙwai - a lokacin rani. Af, suna na biyu na waɗannan dabbobin dabbobin ya bayyana saboda gaskiyar cewa yayin binciken rabin na biyu, maza suna fitar da takamaiman sautin mahaifa, kwatankwacin rurin giwa. Don samun wanda ya zaba, namiji ya yi mata fyaden da dukkan karfinsa tare da bawonsa, kuma idan irin wannan motsin ba shi da wani tasiri, to shi ma ya cije ta a kan shines har sai uwargidan zuciyar ta kwanta kuma ta ja cikin gabobinta, don haka bude hanyar jikinka.
Kankunan giwa suna kwan kwan su a ramuka waɗanda aka haƙa musamman, a cikin ɗayan ɗayan guda ana iya samun ƙwai har 20 kwatankwacin ƙwallan tanis. A karkashin yanayi mai kyau, kunkuru na iya yin kiwo sau biyu a shekara. Bayan kwanaki 100-120, cuba thean farko sun fara fita daga ƙwai, bayan haihuwa, nauyinsu bai wuce gram 80 ba. Animalsananan dabbobi sun isa balagar jima'i a cikin shekaru 20-25, amma irin wannan ci gaban mai tsawo ba matsala bane, tunda tsawon rai na ƙattai shekaru 100-122.
Gina Jiki
Kurarin giwayen na cin abinci ne kawai kan asalin tsirrai, suna cin duk tsire-tsire da zasu isa. Ko da ganye mai dafi da daɗaɗɗu ana ci. Manchinella da cactus pear cactus an fi so musamman a cikin abinci, tunda ban da abubuwan gina jiki, dabbobi masu rarrafe kuma suna karɓar danshi daga gare su. Galapagos ba su da hakora; suna cizon harbe-harbe da ganye tare da taimakon daskararrun, haƙoran kamar wuka.
Tsarin shan giya mai ƙima ga waɗannan ƙattai na da mahimmanci. Zasu iya shafe mintuna 45 a kullum don dawo da daidaiton ruwa a jiki.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa
- Mazaunan Gidan Alkahira - kunkuru mai suna Samira da mijinta - ana ɗaukarsu a matsayin dogon hanta a tsakanin kunkurulen Galapagos. Matar ta mutu tana da shekara 315, kuma namijin bai kai shekaru 400 na 'yan shekaru kawai ba.
- Bayan da masu jirgi suka gano Tsibirin Galapagos a cikin karni na 17, sai suka fara amfani da kunkuru na cikin gida don abinci. Tunda waɗannan dabbobi masu ɗaukaka suna iya rayuwa ba tare da abinci da ruwa ba har tsawon watanni, masu tuƙin sai kawai suka saukar da su cikin riƙon jirginsu suka ci abinci yadda ake bukata. A cikin ƙarni biyu kawai, don haka, an lalata kunkuru miliyan 10.
