Ma'anar namomin kaza a matsayin jinsin gansakuka da bambancin wannan jinsi daga nau'ikan Boletus ba a bayyane yake ba kuma yana da sabani. Flywheels sune cakuda daban-daban na ƙungiyoyi da nau'ikan da yawa. Wadannan rukuni sun rabu da juna ta hanyar tsarin halittu daban-daban da wasu siffofin daban. Hakanan, binciken baya-bayan nan da masana kimiyyar mycologists suka yi ya nuna cewa naman kaza ba ya saukowa daga magabata daya na fungal.
Etymology na sunan "flywheel"
Jikunan 'ya'yan wannan nau'in sun mamaye ciyawar da aka rufe da danshin moss a cikin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. Noman naman kaza suna tattara namomin kaza daga ƙarshen bazara har zuwa farkon sanyi. Kusan dukkanin namomin kaza na wannan nau'in abin ci ne, kawai banda shine kwari na karya.
Bayani na naman kaza
Flywheels daga halittu daban-daban suna da halaye na musamman, amma duk suna da halaye masu zuwa:
Hat
A ɗan bushe da velvety. A cikin samfuran overripe, fatar ta fashe. Girman murfin ya dogara da matakin rayuwa, amma bai wuce 9 cm ba.
Ɓangaren litattafan almara
Launi ya bayyana a wurin yankewar. Jiki ya kasance fari, ya zama rawaya, ya koma ja, kuma ya zama shuɗi a mafi yawan nau'ikan.
Hymenophore
Pores din tubules din suna da fadi, suna nuna ja, daga rawaya zuwa launin ruwan kore-rawaya. Bayan lalacewa, bututun sun zama shuɗi.
Kafa
Theaƙƙarwar ya dogara da nau'in, ya ƙanƙara ko santsi, ƙwanƙolin ya girma har zuwa 8 cm tsawo.
Takaddama jayayya
Inuwa ya dogara da nau'in.
Naman kaza
A cikin dangin Boletov, namomin kaza suna da dangi - naman kaza na boletus. Mutane suna tattara ƙawannin masu zuwa don abinci:
- iri daban-daban;
- ja;
- koren;
- Yaren mutanen Poland;
- rawaya-kasa-kasa.
Mosswheel kore
Ana samunta galibi ƙarƙashin manyan bishiyoyi, a gefunan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, inda birch da Willow suke girma.
Tunda naman kaza bashi da halaye na musamman, gwajin kwayoyi mai sauqi yana taimakawa wajen amintar da alakar sa ga jinsin halittar Green flywheel: hular tana juya mai haske idan ana amfani da digon ammoniya na gida a kai.
Gidajen zama
Ana samun koren kwari a yawancin sassan Turai, Asiya da Arewacin Amurka, Ostiraliya.
Hat
A cikin samarin namomin kaza, yana da kyau kuma yana balaga, wani lokacin yakan kangare kamar yadda jikin 'ya'yan itacen ya girma, an bayyana naman rawaya a ƙarƙashin cuticle.
Lokacin da aka buɗe gaba ɗaya, laimomin kan iyakokin sun zama ruwan kasa ko zaitun, tare da diamita daga 4 zuwa 8 cm tare da rashin daidaito, kaɗan masu raƙuman ruwa.
Tubules da pores
Launi ne mai launin chrome-rawaya, yana duhu tare da tsufa, ana haɗa tubules zuwa ƙafa. Lokacin da aka yi rauni, pores (amma ba a cikin duka samfuran ba) suna canza launin shuɗi, to wannan yankin ya zama launin ruwan kasa.
Kafa
Pallid ko ɗan duhu, wani lokacin maƙasudin maɗauri a gindin kuma yana faɗaɗawa zuwa hular. Naman kara ba ya canza launi sosai ko kuma yana yin ja kaɗan lokacin da aka yanke shi kuma aka fallasa shi da iska. 1 zuwa 2 cm a diamita, tsawon 4 zuwa 8 cm.
Spore buga ruwan zaitun launin ruwan kasa. Wari / dandano ba rarrabe bane.
Wurin zama da muhalli
Wannan naman gwari na mycorrhizal yana faruwa ne kai tsaye ko kuma a cikin ƙananan ƙungiyoyi a ƙarƙashin manyan bishiyoyi a wuraren shakatawa da kuma cikin gandun daji da aka gauraye, musamman a cikin ƙasa mai farar ƙasa.
Koren kwando a cikin girki
Boletus abin ci ne, amma ba shi da daraja sosai. An saka shi zuwa wasu namomin kaza a cikin jita-jita, bushe kuma an adana shi don amfani dashi daga baya.
Flywheel rawaya-launin ruwan kasa
An girbe wannan naman kaza mai taushi daga ko kusa da gonar itacen pine, kuma galibi a tsakanin heather. Yana girma cikin ƙananan ƙungiyoyi, ba iyalai ba. Kwayoyin samfuran samari suna haifar da ɗigon ruwan madara. A cikin yanayin ruwa, iyakokin suna da ɗan kaɗan, ba siriri ba.
Gidajen zama
A cikin Nahiyar Turai, sau da yawa ruwan sama mai launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa ana samun sa a cikin tsaunukan Arewa, kusa da kudu ya zama ba safai ba, kodayake zangon ya kai har zuwa Asiya. Ana kuma samun wannan nau'in a sassan Arewacin Amurka.
Hat
Rawaya mai rawaya zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai launin rawaya, saman kusan kusan bushe ne (ban da lokacin rigar), kyakkyawa mai kyau ko kyaftawa, yana girma har zuwa 4-10 cm a diamita kuma ya kasance mai ɗan kaɗan. Naman mai launin rawaya ne kuma mai laushi; ya zama shuɗi idan aka sare shi.
Tubules da pores
Sananan tubub masu launin mustard masu launin kusurwa da yawa sun ƙare tare da pores na zaitun-ocher launi, waɗanda ke ɗaukar kirfa da sautunan mustard idan sun cikakke sosai.
Kafa
Stemaramar ƙwanƙwasawa mai laushi-launin rawaya kuma ba shi da zobe ko yankin annular. Lokacin yankewa, kodadde rawaya nama na kara ba ya canza launi da muhimmanci.
Takaddama jayayya
Ocher ko Isinna Brown. Anshin ba rarrabewa bane, ɗanɗano ya fi tsami.
Mossy rawaya-launin ruwan kasa a dafa abinci
Abin ci, yana da ɗanɗano na ƙarfe da ƙamshi mara daɗi idan aka dafa shi.
An yi imani da shi don tayar da ciki. Sabili da haka, yana da kyau a tsabtace iyakokin, cire layin tubules, dafa abinci sosai sannan, kamar yadda lamarin yake tare da duk wani naman kaza da za'a ci abinci wanda aka gwada a karon farko, cinye ƙananan yankuna har sai kun gamsu da cewa babu wani abin da zai biyo baya.
Flywheel ja
Wani ɗan ɗan ƙaramin naman gwari mai tsiro yana tsirowa akan ƙasa mai wadata ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi masu daɗaɗɗu, musamman son beech da itacen oak, nau'ikan ƙungiya, maimakon ɗayansu, ana samunsu a gefen gandun daji, a cikin makiyaya, makiyaya, wuraren shakatawa da lambuna.
Gidajen zama
Naman kaza, wanda ba kasafai ake samu ba ko kuma babu shi gaba daya a sararin samaniyar Arewacin, ya fi son yanayin Turai mai dumi, yana faruwa ne a rukuni-rukuni na samfura 3 zuwa 10.
Hat
Nisa daga 3 zuwa 8 cm, yaduwa mai yaduwa, sa'annan a daidaita shi, wani lokacin tare da karamin ciwon ciki. A cikin samarin namomin kaza, jajaye ce, tare da sauyawa zuwa launi mai girma, zaitun-ja mai yaren rawaya mai rawaya. Farfajiyar ta bushe kuma tana lullubewa, da kyar take fasawa koda a tsofaffin namomin kaza ne.
Tubules da pores
A tubules ne maras ban sha'awa rawaya, pores ne lemun tsami rawaya, greenish da shekaru. Lokacin da aka lalace, pores da tubes a hankali za su zama shuɗi.
Kafa
Yana da tsayi 4 zuwa 8 cm, 4 zuwa 8 mm a diamita, mai motsi, rawaya mai haske a saman kuma a hankali ya zama ja zuwa tushe. Naman launin rawaya ne, ya zama rawaya mai zurfi a gindin kuma ya zama shuɗi yayin yanke.
Spore buga ruwan zaitun launin ruwan kasa. Smellara ƙanshi mai daɗi, ba ɗanɗanar ɗanɗano (ɗan sabulu kaɗan).
Red flywheel a dafa abinci
Wadannan ƙananan namomin kaza galibi suna cike da larvae a cikin girma. Tasanɗana da ƙananan ƙamshi ba sa taimaka wa girki ko soya. Naman kaza an tsinke shi ko busasshe, ana amfani dashi tare da sauran namomin kaza.
Moss goge
An rarraba shi a cikin dazuzzuka da dazuzzuka, kuma ya bayyana a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi, kudan zuma, kirji da sauran manyan bishiyoyi masu faɗi.
Lokacin bazara da lokacin kaka sune babban lokacin farauta don naman kaza, wanda ke ɗanɗano da namomin kaza na porcini, sau da yawa sau da yawa ana cinye su da larvae, koda lokacin da aka buɗe laima na hular.
Gidajen zama
Girman gishiri shine nau'in jinsin da aka saba da shi a cikin yanayin yanayin Turai da Arewacin Amurka. Yana da wuya ya girma a cikin rukuni fiye da biyu ko uku na samfuran; a ƙarƙashin tsohuwar bishiyoyi, har zuwa namomin kaza 4-5.
Hat
Manyan, santsi launin ruwan kasa ko kirji, ɗan ƙaramin balaga cikin naman kaza marasa balaga. Yana girma har zuwa 5-15 cm a fadin, yana da wuya, kodadde nama, ya zama shuɗi yayin yanke.
Nama
Naman murfin da kara yana da haske ko kuma wani lokacin launuka masu launin rawaya a matakin farko na rayuwar Fulawar Polan, ya zama kai-tsaye a karkashin yankewar hular sannan ya juya da shuɗi kaɗan a cikin yankin nan da nan sama da tubes da kuma saman ƙafa.
Tukwane
Rawaya mai launin shuɗi, mai juya shuɗi lokacin yankewa, yana ƙarewa da huda mai launin rawaya mai launin rawaya wanda (kusan koyaushe) yana juya launin shuɗi mai haske lokacin da aka yanka. Canjin launi yana faruwa da sauri kuma mafi sananne a cikin manyan naman kaza, kuma idan kun taɓa pores, alamar shuɗi mai duhu za ta kasance a hannayenku.
Kafa
Coveredafa mai ruwan kasa an rufe shi da zaren auduga masu kyau waɗanda ke ba shi taguwar gani. Babu zobe, diamita ya fi ko evenasa ko da yake, kodayake kullun sau da yawa yana lankwasawa kaɗan, musamman kusa da tushe. 2 zuwa 3 cm a diamita, 5 zuwa 15 cm tsayi. Naman fari ne ko lemun tsami ya zama shuɗi kaɗan lokacin da aka sare shi.
Spore buga ruwan zaitun launin ruwan kasa. Fure ɗan naman kaza mai ƙanshi, ba ƙamshi ba.
Moss goge a dafa abinci
Namomin kaza suna da girma da nama. A kowane girke-girke, ana maye gurbin naman kaza na porcini da naman kaza na Poland, kuma masu ci ba su san dandano cewa maye gurbin ya faru ba. Wadannan busassun namomin kajin sun bushe don adanawa, a yanka su a yanka a tsaye, sa'annan a daskare don amfanin gaba.
Motley gansakuka
Jinsi ne wanda ba a saba da shi ba a cikin Nahiyar Turai. Ana samun ganshin motley a ƙarƙashin conifers, amma wani lokacin a cikin kudan zuma.
Hat
M, convex, launin toka-rawaya ko launin ruwan kasa, fatattakawa, yana bayyana ƙaramin layin jan nama a ƙarƙashin fata. Diamita 4 zuwa 10 cm, lokacin da aka buɗe shi sosai, naman mai kyau ya zama shuɗi kaɗan lokacin da aka yanka shi.
Tubules da pores
Faya-fayan rawaya suna ƙarewa cikin manya, masu kusurwa, lemun tsami-rawaya waɗanda ke juya zaitun ƙazanta tare da shekaru. Lokacin da aka yi rauni, pores na manyan mutane a hankali suna canza launin shuɗi-shuɗi.
Kafa
Marasa ringi, rawaya mai haske tare da jan fibrils ja wanda yake ba da bayyanar rhubarb. Lokacin da aka yanke, naman kara sai ya koma ja kasa da ƙasan waje, a wasu wuraren yana da kirim, baya canza launin shuɗi. Daga 10 zuwa 15 mm a diamita kuma daga 4 zuwa 8 cm a tsayi, diamita daidai yake da duka tsawon sa.
Spore buga ruwan zaitun launin ruwan kasa. Wari / dandano ba rarrabe bane.
Motley gansakuka a cikin girki
Samfurori na balaga ba su da sha'awar abinci na ɗanɗano saboda yanayin siririnsu. Naman kaza ana ci idan an dafa shi sosai.
Karya tashi
Flywheel m
Ba mai dafi ba, mai ɗaci, mara daɗin ɗanɗano, ya tsiro ne a kan ragowar ƙwarya mai ruwan sanyi. Hular har zuwa 5 cm a diamita, baya juya launin shuɗi lokacin lalacewa.
Naman kaza na kirji
Brown-ja, convex, har zuwa 8 cm a diamita, baya canza launi lokacin yanke. Silinda mai kafa 3.5 x 3 cm don dacewa da hular. Wannan kwalliyar kwalliyar tana ci, amma bayan tafasa da bushewa. Sai dacin ya gushe.
Gall naman kaza
Legafaffiyar ƙafa tana kama da kafar naman kaza porcini. A diamita na fatar da ke cikin spongy ya kai tsawon cm 7. Jikin ja yana da ɗanɗano, yana ƙona harshe. Arthropods basa cin abinci ko sa ƙwaya a cikin wannan naman kaza.
Pepper naman kaza
Hular tana da launin ruwan kasa mai haske, mai lankwasawa, har zuwa tsawon cm 7. Jikin yana kwance, rawaya, ja lokacin da aka yanka shi, tare da dandano mai ɗanɗano na barkono. Kafa ya lankwashe, silinda, launi don dacewa da hular, rawaya a kasa.
Alamomin cutar guba tare da karnukan tashi
Duk namomin kaza na karya ba guba ba ne, ba sa mutuwa daga amfani da su. Suna da ɗanɗano mai ɗaci, saboda haka mutane kawai suna tofar da naman kaza kuma ba sa cin abin da ke cikin farantin, koda kuwa sun ƙare a cikin tasa.
Idan kowa ya ci abincin karya, to hakan zai haifar da tashin hankali. Jiyya - lavage na ciki, shan sorbents.
Menene fa'idodin ƙaran kwando
Shine naman kaza mai ƙarancin kalori tare da ƙimar darajar abinci mai gina jiki, amma babban abun ciki na mahimmin mai, wanda ke sauƙaƙa shigar da abinci tare da naman kaza.
Flywheels yana adana molybdenum, ƙarfe wanda yake shiga cikin matakai da yawa a cikin jiki. Hakanan, jikin 'ya'yan itace sun ƙunshi:
- bitamin A;
- alli;
- mai mahimmanci;
- enzymes.
A cikin maganin gargajiya, ana amfani da namomin kaza don magance matakan kumburi a jiki. Masana ilmin kimiyar ɗabi'a sun gano ƙwayoyin cuta na jiki a cikin naman kaza.
Yaushe yakamata a guje masa
Hullan kwarin kwari da na kwandon jirgi sun yi kama. A cikin naman kaza mai guba, lamellar ne, a cikin kwari, yana da tubular. Sabili da haka, idan babu ƙwarewa wajen gano naman kaza, zai fi kyau kada ku zaɓi naman kaza idan ba ku fahimci fasalin yanayin halittar naman kaza ba.
Kamar sauran nau'ikan, namomin kaza suna da wahala a kan hanyar narkewar mutum, koda bayan dafa abinci. Suna kara dagula yanayin cututtukan ciki da hanta, rashin lafiyar abinci. Yara ba su da enzymes don narkewar abincin naman kaza, ba kawai naman kaza ba.
Guji ciyawar naman kaza kusa da hanyoyi, shuke-shuke na masana'antu, da hanyoyin da ke kusa da filayen noma masu masana'antu. Flywheels yana saurin tara abubuwa masu haɗari kuma riƙe su koda bayan shiri mai kyau.
Girbi gansakuka
Ba za a iya adana naman kaza sabo ba na dogon lokaci, suna saurin lalacewa. Don adana girbi don hunturu, namomin kaza suna daskararre, aka tsince ko busasshe.
