Chanterelles suna ɗayan kyawawan namomin kaza masu ci don ɗauka. Suna girma daban, warwatse cikin rukuni, kuma wani lokacin suna kafa manyan iyalai a cikin daji. Naman naman kaza yana da kauri, tsayayye, kamshi yayi kama da apricot. Chanterelles suna ɗayan fitattun namomin kaza kuma suna da nau'ikan da yawa. Duk da yake wani lokacin yana da wahala a rarrabe tsakanin jinsuna, a dunkule, sautunan sautuka suna da sauƙin ganowa.
Abubuwan da ke rarrabe na naman kaza
Duk nau'ikan namomin kaza suna da kai mai kamannin mazurari har zuwa 10 cm a diamita tare da raƙumi, gefen da bai dace ba. Launi jeri ne daga haske zuwa rawaya mai duhu. Lokacin girma a cikin kungiyoyi, kamar yadda lamarin yake galibi, ƙafafu suna lanƙwasa kuma wani lokacin suna haɗuwa tare a gwaiwar mycelium. Jijiyoyin da ke tushe suna da kauri kuma sun sauko ƙasa da tushe. Siffar tasu madaidaiciya ce tare da dukkanin ƙafafun, amma jijiyoyin suna bifurcate kuma sun fi zafin jiki kusa da hular. Chanterelles suna girma cikin tsayi daga 6 zuwa 9 cm.
Spore imprint: daga kodadde rawaya zuwa fararen kirim, wani lokacin tare da ɗan ƙaramin launin ruwan hoda. Ana raba gills din, launi daya ne da sauran naman gwari. Suna madaidaiciya ko masu motsi kuma koyaushe suna sauka ƙasa da tushe.
Inda chanterelles ke girma
Namomin kaza yawanci ana samun su ne a cikin dazuzzukan kasa kusa da itacen oak da kuma karkashin kudan zuma. Su ne mycorrhizal, wanda ke nufin naman gwari yana da alaƙa mai ma'amala da tushen itacen. Chanterelles suna girma a ƙasashe da yawa, gami da Kanada, Amurka, Turai, Bahar Rum, ɓangarorin gabas da kudancin Australia da Asiya.
Lokacin girbi na Chanterelle
Namomin kaza suna ba da 'ya'ya daga Yuni zuwa Oktoba har ma a Nuwamba, lokacin da kaka ta yi laushi. An girbe daga Oktoba zuwa Maris a cikin yanayi mai dumi.
Cunkoson kayan abinci
Namomin kaza suna da ƙanshin kamannin apricot da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano. Chanterelles zaɓaɓɓen naman kaza ne da ake amfani da shi a cikin risotto jita-jita da omelettes, kuma lallai suna da isasshen ɗanɗano don yin miyan miya ko miya.
Chanterelle nau'in
Chanterelle gama gari
An rarraba shi a cikin gandun daji na Turai masu haɗuwa da haɗuwa, a Arewacin Amurka da Tsakiyar Amurka, Asiya da Afirka. Naman kaza ne mai ci wanda hatta gogaggen mai cin naman kaza zai iya gane shi a sauƙaƙe.
Matsakaicin matsakaici na yau da kullun yana rawaya, fari, orange-rawaya kuma da wuya ruwan hoda. Gill ɗin launi iri ɗaya ne da na sauran naman kaza.
Hat
Da farko, mai iya rubutu, mai lankwasa gefen (gefuna), ya zama mai kama da mazurari tare da karkatarwa ta tsufa. Zai iya zama mara tsari a cikin sifa. Tsoffin samfuran sun fi ruwan lemo, musamman bayan fewan ruwan sama. Samfurori waɗanda ke karɓar hasken rana da yawa zuwa launi mai launi kuma suna da alamar fata ta ɗan haske. A cikin yankuna masu laushi masu laushi tare da inuwa a kan murfin chanterelle, koren siffofin moss.
Tsaunuka
Suna kama da tudu, waɗanda suke da ƙarfi kuma koyaushe suna sauka a ƙafa.
Kafa
Tsawon kara yawanci daidai yake da fadin murfin da launi iri ɗaya da na sauran naman kaza. Theangaren litattafan almara yana da rawaya fari. Fitar spore ya zama fari ko kuma ɗan rawaya.
Masu himma suna fara neman naman kaza a ƙarshen bazara, bayan ruwan sama. Wani lokaci, idan yanayi yana da laima, 'ya'yan itacen naman kaza yana da danshi kuma yana da inganci. Dogaro da yanki da latitude, Yuli-Oktoba shine lokacin da 'ya'yan itacen gama-gari ya kai kololuwa.
Grey chanterelle
Hat
Barely convex a matashi. Daga baya gefen yana fadada, a cikin hanyar ruwa mai wavy. Farfajiyar mara kyau ne, musamman kusa da gefen gefen. Launi mai launin toka ne mai launin ruwan kasa. Ofarfin sautin ya dogara da shekaru da yanayin muhalli, ya fi sauƙi a yanayin bushe kuma ya fi duhu a cikin yanayin ruwa.
Hymenophore
An kafa ta gills da folds, spaced and rassan, sosai sananne a cikakken ci gaba, launi na wannan pseudohymenophore yana da launin toka tare da tabarau, yana da kyau a cikin samari, daga baya ya sami launi mai launin toka mai duhu bayan girma spore.
Kafa
Mai lankwasawa, tsagi, ya bazu kamar mai fan yayin cin gaban ƙwanji. Launi yayi kama da inuwar murfin, ya ɗan yi haske, wani lokacin ya ɗan shuɗe kusa da tushe.
Gidajen zama
Wannan naman kaza baya yawan haduwa da masu karbar naman kaza. A cikin yankunan ci gaba, akwai kyawawan launuka masu launin toka a cikin gandun daji marasa yankewa, inda suka fi son gandun daji da ƙasan calcareous.
Cinnabar jan chanterelle
Ana gane su da yanayin launin ruwan hoda na flamingo da kasancewar gulun ƙarya a ƙasan hular. Naman gwari karami ne kuma ya fi na sauran filatocin girma kuma yana girma a cikin dazuzzuka masu daɗi.
Chanterelle cinnabar-red mycorrhizal tare da jinsin bishiyoyi, musamman beech da itacen oak, aspen da sauran nau'ikan kekashewar dabba. Girma shi kaɗai, warwatse ko cikin al'umma a lokacin rani da damina.
Hat
Convex ko yaduwa mai yaduwa, mai sanƙo, ya bushe a lokacin ƙuruciya, ya zama mai zurfin ƙasa ko zurfin zurfin zurfafawa, faɗaɗawa da raƙuman ruwa sun bayyana. Launi ya fara daga ruwan hoda mai kama da ruwan hoda zuwa cinnabar ja, ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda ko mai kalar ruwan hoda.
Surfaceasan ƙasa tare da madaidaiciyar sarari, raƙuman giraguzan ƙarya waɗanda ke tafiya tare da tushe; giciye-veining sau da yawa yana tasowa, suna da launi kamar hula ko ɗan paler.
Kafa
Ba shi da kyau a cikin samartaka, amma masu taɓewa zuwa tushe a cikin balaga, baƙo, bushe, mai launi kamar hula ko mai paler. Basal mycelium fari ne zuwa kodadde. Nama: fari ko a kalar murfin, baya canza launi yayin yanka. Ellanshi da dandano: ƙanshin mai daɗi ne kuma mai daɗi; dandano ba ya rarrabewa ko kuma ya ɗan huce.
Chanterelle velvety
Naman gwari mai sassaucin ra'ayi yana girma a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyin bishiyoyi (chestnut da beech) kuma mafi sau da yawa a ƙarƙashin conifers. Lokacin noman rani da damina.
Hat
Suna gane naman kaza ta hanyar kwalliyar siraran siradi da mara tsari, tare da sassauƙaƙƙen wuri, mai yanke lemu mai haske da gefen karkarwa. A lokacin samartaka, hular tana da ma'amala, sannan kuma mai kamannin mazurai, yankakken yankakken fure ne, lemu ko ruwan hoda-mai ruwan hoda, ya zama mai ƙanƙanci da shekaru.
Kara
Afafu kafafu madaidaici ne, masu kauri, masu faɗi fiye da murfin.
Hymenophore
Lamellar, mai matsakaiciyar reshe, na cokali mai yatsu ko wanda aka maimaita, a cikin kalar hular. Nama: tabbatacce ne, fari, kaɗan ko kaɗan mai rawaya. Yana fitar da ƙanshin apricot mai ƙanshi.
Faceted chanterelle
Ana samun sa a cikin Asiya, Afirka da Arewacin Amurka ɗayan ɗa, a cikin rukuni ko cikin gungu a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyin bishiyoyi. Naman gwari yana samar da jikin 'ya'yan itace a lokacin rani da kaka.
Hat
Babban mazurari da gefuna masu raɗaɗi. Fushen ya bushe, an ɗan rufe shi da waɗancan zaren zarra, mai zurfi, mai haske mai launin ruwan lemo-rawaya. Tsoffin samfuran sun zama rawaya, iyakar gefen murfin ya zama rawaya ja, a cikin samarin samarin suna lanƙwasa ƙasa.
Hymenophore
Yanayin da ke ɗauke da spore da farko santsi ne, amma magudanan ruwa ko ƙyallen maɗaukaki suna haɓaka a hankali. Gananan raƙuman ruwa suna kama da jijiyoyi, ƙasa da faɗi mil 1. Launi launin rawaya ja ne kuma daidai yake da farfajiyar ƙafa.
Kara
Maimakon haka mai kauri, mai jujjuyawa, tausa zuwa tushe. A ciki, ƙafafu suna cike da furcin mycelium, mai ƙarfi. Ba da daɗewa ba, ana haɗa jikin 'ya'yan itace da tushe a gindi.
Ɓangaren litattafan almara
M ko kuma wani ɓangare rami (wani lokacin saboda ƙwayoyin larvae), rawaya mai launi a launi.
Chanterelle mai kalar rawaya
Wani kallo na musamman, wanda aka yaba sosai ta gourmets, wanda sauƙin ganewa ta fasalin "bututu", sirara da ƙananan jiki, launin ruwan kasa da fringed cap. Gwanin lemu ne mai haske kuma babu komai a ciki.
Hat
Da farko, a zurfin tsakiyar, yana da ma'amala, a cikin wani bututun oblong, sa'annan ya kara budewa, ya fadada, gefen yana cikin ciki, ya yi lobed, wani lokacin kuma ya sha ruwa. Launi launin ruwan kasa ne mai launin ja, kasan ruwan lemu ne ko kuma launin ruwan toka mai duhu.
Hymenophore
Kusan santsi ne da zagaye, tare da jijiyoyin da suka ɗaga kaɗan, cikin ciki da rassa. Launi launin rawaya ne mai tsami, lemo-ruwan-toka, wani lokacin tare da inuwar ruwan hoda, amma launi koyaushe yana ƙasa da haske fiye da na hular.
Kara
Tubular, rami, mai santsi, madaidaiciya ko mai lankwasa, mai saurin canzawa cikin sifa, wanda ke tuna da mazurari tare da tsaka-tsalle masu tsayi. Launi mai lemu ne ko ruwan gwaiduwa, wani lokaci tare da inuwar ruwan hoda. Naman kaza yana da ƙamshi mai ɗumi na sabbin plums da ɗanɗano mai daɗi.
Gidajen zama
Naman kaza-symbiont, yana girma daga ƙarshen lokacin bazara zuwa ƙarshen kaka, a cikin ɗaruruwan ɗaruruwan samfura a cikin conifers (kusa da pine) da dazuzzuka masu yanke jiki.
Tubular chanterelle
Forms mycorrhiza tare da conifers a cikin gansakuka ko kan ruɓaɓɓen ruɓaɓɓen, gandun daji da aka rufe moss a cikin fadama.
Hat
Da farko, yana da yawa ko conveasa da ma'amala, ba da daɗewa ba ya zama kamar gilashi, a matakin ƙarshe, ramuka sun kasance a tsakiyar. Gefen suna da ƙarfi yayin balaga. M, danko ko kakin zuma lokacin sabo. Launi ya fara ne daga launin ruwan kasa mai launin rawaya zuwa launin ruwan kasa, ya zama mai launin toka-toka ko launin toka mai tsufa. Hanyoyin radial wani lokacin suna nunawa kaɗan.
Hymenophore
Ya sauka akan tushe. A cikin matasa namomin kaza tare da ridges da folds. Karyace-karyacen hankali suna tasowa tare da shekaru, wanda galibi yakan ɓullo ya zama mai raɗaɗi. Launi yana da launin rawaya zuwa launin toka-toka ko launin toka, wani lokacin lilac ne mai ɗan kaɗi.
Kafa
Ya zama fanko tare da shekaru, m, tare da rufin kakin zuma. Launi daga lemu zuwa ruwan lemo-mai launin rawaya a lokacin ƙuruciya, rawaya maras ban sha'awa, launin ruwan kasa-mai-lemu mai shekaru. Basal mycelium fari ne mai kirinka rawaya. Dandanon ba rarrabe bane; warin ba a bayyane yake ba ko ɗan kamshinsa.
Ta yaya chanterelles na ƙarya ya bambanta da waɗanda ake ci?
Nau'o'in naman kaza 2 sun rikice tare da chanterelles:
Mai magana da Orange (inedible)
Jikin thea ofan namomin kaza rawaya ne-lemu mai ruwan kwalli mai siffar mazurai har zuwa 8 cm a diamita, wanda ke da yanayin ji. Siriri, sau da yawa gill mai haɗuwa a ƙasan hular yana tafiya tare da santsi mai santsi. Rahotannin kan ingancin naman kaza ba koyaushe abin dogaro bane. An cinye naman kaza, kodayake ba ta da daɗin musamman. Wasu marubutan sun ba da rahoton cewa abin yana damun jijiyar ciki.
Omphalot zaitun (mai guba)
Wani lemun tsami mai dafi mai guba wanda, a idon da bai waye ba, yayi kama da wasu nau'in chanterelles. An rarraba shi a cikin yankunan kurmi na Turai, inda yake girma akan lalacewar kututture, tushen itacen bishiya.
Ba kamar chanterelles ba, yawancin bishiyoyin zaitun suna da ƙwanƙolin gaske, kaifi, wanda ba a raba shi da ƙura. Sashin ciki na ƙafa ruwan lemo ne, a cikin launukan kwalliya ya fi sauƙi a ciki.
Yadda ake rarrabe labaran karya daga na ainihi - bidiyo
Amfanin chanterelles ga lafiyar ɗan adam
Kamar kowane nau'in namomin kaza, ƙwanƙolin abinci mai daɗi ne kuma lafiyayye wanda ya ƙunshi:
- babban adadin bitamin D2, yana taimakawa jikin mutum don shan alli;
- babban adadin furotin;
- bitamin A;
- potassium;
- baƙin ƙarfe;
- chromium;
- amino acid guda takwas masu mahimmanci ga jikin mutum.
Wannan nau'in naman gwari ba shi da haƙƙin matakan nitrogen da aka ɗaukaka kuma baya faruwa a yankunan da ke da matakan ƙazamar iska. Jinsi ne na sihiri kuma saboda haka koyaushe ana haɗuwa da bishiyoyi waɗanda basa shafar lafiyar ɗan adam, ciki har da itacen oak, beech, pine da birch.
Jikunan ita Fruan sunadaɗe sosai, a wani ɓangare saboda suna tsayayya da ƙwayoyin fungal kuma ƙwararan larva ba sa cin sa. Yana da kyau a san cewa cutukan da ake girba ba su shafar arthropods. Wannan fasalin yana ba da gudummawa ga shaharar chanterelles azaman jinsin abincin da ake ci!
Chanterelle cutar da jiki
Nau'in abincin kwalliya ba ya cutarwa ga mutane idan aka dafa su da kyau, kamar kowane naman kaza. Mata masu ciki, yara da tsofaffi suna cin abinci tare da taka tsantsan.
Yadda masu dafa abinci suke shirya chanterelles
Akwai girke-girke daban-daban don dafa abinci iri-iri a duniya. Wasu mutane suna amfani da shi a cikin miya, wasu kuma suna yin naman alade daga su, wasu kuma suna amfani da gishiri. Gourmets suna amfani dashi tare da zaƙi da cushewa. Bayan haka, komai girkinsa, chanterelles suna da daɗi!
Chanterelle shine naman kaza mai ban al'ajabi idan aka soya. Bayan bushewa, yana da ƙarancin kayan ƙanshi don jita-jita lokacin amfani dashi cikin ƙananan yawa. Lokacin amfani dashi cikin manyan allurai, ya zama babban dandano na ɗabi'a.
Dandanon ya sa kwalliyar ta dace da kaza, naman alade, naman alade, kifi, kayan lambu, shinkafa, taliya, dankali, kwai, kwaya da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Ba'a ba da shawarar hada abinci da abinci mai ƙoshin lafiya ba.
Vinegar, mai ko giyar da aka sha da naman kaza an shirya su daga hoda mai ƙamshi na chanterelles.
Chanterelles a cikin tattalin arzikin ƙasa
Anyi amfani da chanterelles don rina ulu, textiles da takarda; zai ba da launin rawaya mai launin ga kayan aikin da aka sarrafa.
