Ana kiran ruwan ƙasa da wanda yake a zurfin mita 25 daga saman duniya. An kirkiro ta ne saboda wasu tafkuna daban-daban da hazo a cikin yanayin ruwan sama da dusar ƙanƙara. Suna zubewa a cikin ƙasa suna tarawa a can. Ruwan kasan ya banbanta da ruwan karkashin kasa ta yadda ba shi da matsi. Bugu da kari, banbancinsu shi ne cewa ruwan karkashin kasa yana lura da sauyin yanayi. Zurfin da ruwan karkashin kasa zai iya zama bai wuce mita 25 ba.
Matakin ƙasa
Ruwan ƙasa yana kusa da saman duniya, amma, matakin na iya bambanta dangane da ƙasa da lokacin shekara. Zai tashi cikin tsananin danshi, musamman lokacin da ake ruwa sama mai ƙarfi da dusar ƙanƙara ke narkewa. Hakanan matakin yana tasirin tasirin koguna na kusa, tabkuna, da sauran ruwa. Yayin lokutan bushe, teburin ruwan karkashin kasa yana raguwa. A wannan lokacin, ana ɗaukarsa mafi ƙasƙanci.
An raba matakin ruwan karkashin kasa gida biyu:
- low lokacin da matakin bai kai mita 2 ba. Ana iya gina gine-gine a kan irin wannan filin;
- babban - matakin sama da mita 2.
Idan kayi lissafin da bai dace ba na zurfin ruwan karkashin kasa, to wannan yana barazanar: ambaliyar ginin, lalata tushe da sauran matsaloli.
Faruwar ruwan ƙasa
Don gano ainihin inda ruwan karkashin ƙasa yake, zaku iya fara duba abubuwa masu sauƙi. Lokacin da zurfin ba shi da zurfi, alamun za su kasance a bayyane:
- bayyanar hazo da safe, a wasu filaye;
- gajimare na matsakaitan matsakaita "yana shawagi" sama da ƙasa da yamma;
- yankin da tsire-tsire masu son danshi ke girma sosai.
Kuma zaku iya amfani da wata hanyar ta jama'a. Sanya wani abu mai laushi (misali gishiri ko sukari) a cikin tukunyar yumbu. Sannan auna shi a hankali. Nada shi a cikin wani tsumma kuma a binne shi a cikin ƙasa zuwa zurfin santimita 50. Bayan kwana daya - buɗe, ka sake aunawa. Dogaro da banbancin nauyi, zai yuwu a san yadda ruwan yake kusa da saman duniya.
Hakanan zaka iya gano game da kasancewar ruwan ƙasa daga taswirar hydrogeological na yankin. Amma hanya mafi inganci ita ce hakar mai. Hanyar columnar da aka fi amfani da ita.
Bayani dalla-dalla
Lokacin da ruwan karkashin kasa ya zo da dabi'a, to abin sha ne. Gurbatar ruwan yana shafar ƙauyuka da biranen da ke kusa, da kuma kusancin ruwa zuwa saman duniya.
Ruwa na ƙasa ya kasu kashi zuwa nau'ikan da suka banbanta a cikin ma'adininsu, saboda haka sune kamar haka:
- insipid;
- dan gishiri;
- katako;
- gishiri;
- brines.
An kuma rarrabe taurin ruwan ƙasa:
- janar. Ya kasu kashi biyar: ruwa mai laushi sosai, ruwan ƙasa mai taushi, matsakaicin ruwa mai kauri, ruwa mai tauri, ruwan ƙasa mai tsananin wuya
- carbonate;
- maras carbonate.
Bugu da kari, akwai ruwan karkashin kasa, wanda ya kunshi abubuwa masu cutarwa da yawa. Galibi ana samun irin wannan ruwa a kusa da wuraren zubar shara, tare da juji na sinadarai ko sharar iska.
Rashin dacewar ruwan karkashin kasa
Hakanan ruwan karkashin kasa yana da nasa rashin amfani, misali:
- kwayoyin halittu daban-daban (da wadanda ke haifar da cuta) kuma a cikin ruwa;
- taurin kai. Wannan yana shafar raguwar lumen na bututun da ake samarda ruwan, tunda takamaiman ajiya ake ajiye su;
- turbidity, saboda gaskiyar cewa akwai wasu ƙwayoyi a cikin ruwa;
- datti a cikin ruwan karkashin kasa na abubuwa daban-daban, microorganisms, salts da gas. Dukansu suna da ikon canza ba launi kawai ba, har ma da ɗanɗano na ruwa, ƙanshin sa;
- babban adadin ma'adanai. Yana canza dandanon ruwan, don haka dandano na karfe ya bayyana;
- ramin nitrates da ammonia a cikin ruwan karkashin kasa. Suna da haɗari sosai ga lafiyar ɗan adam.
Domin ruwan ya zama mafi inganci, dole ne a sarrafa shi a hankali. Wannan zai taimaka wajen kawar da shi daga abubuwa masu gurɓatawa.
