Yankin Arctic yanki ne na Duniya wanda yake dab da Pole na Arewa. Ya haɗa da iyakokin arewacin Amurka da Eurasia, har ma da yawancin Arctic, arewacin Atlantic da tekun Pasifik. A nahiyoyin duniya, iyakar kudu tana tafiya kusan tare da bel din tundra. Wani lokaci Arctic yana iyakance ga Arctic Circle. Yanayi na musamman da na yanayi sun haɓaka a nan, wanda ya rinjayi rayuwar flora, fauna da mutane gaba ɗaya.
Zazzabi ta wata
Yanayi da yanayin yanayi a cikin Arctic ana ɗaukarsu ɗayan mafi tsananin yanayi a duniya. Toari da yanayin ƙarancin zafi a nan, yanayin na iya canzawa sosai da digiri 7-10 na Celsius.
A cikin yankin Arctic, daren polar ya fara, wanda, ya danganta da yanayin yanayin ƙasa, yana ɗaukar kwana 50 zuwa 150. A wannan lokacin, rana bata fito a sararin sama ba, don haka fuskar duniya bata karbar zafi da isasshen haske. Zafin da ya shigo ciki ya watsar da gajimare, murfin dusar ƙanƙara da kankara.
Hunturu na zuwa nan a ƙarshen Satumba - farkon Oktoba. Yanayin iska a cikin Janairu matsakaici -22 digiri Celsius. A wasu wuraren abin karɓa ne sosai, ya fara daga –1 zuwa –9 digiri, kuma a wurare mafi sanyi yana sauka ƙasa da digiri -40. Ruwan da ke cikin ruwan ya banbanta: a cikin Tekun Barents - digiri 25, a gabar Kanada - -50 digiri, kuma a wasu wuraren ma -60 digiri.
Mazauna yankin suna fatan bazara a cikin Arctic, amma ya ɗan daɗe. A wannan lokacin, zafin bai zo ba tukuna, amma duniya ta fi hasken rana haske. A tsakiyar watan Mayu, yanayin zafi yana sama da digiri Celsius 0. Wani lokaci ana ruwa. Yayin narkewa, kankara fara motsawa.
Lokacin bazara a cikin Arctic gajere ne, yana da onlyan kwanaki kawai. Yawan ranakun da zafin jiki ya haura sifili a kudancin yankin kusan 20 ne, kuma a arewa - kwana 6-10. A watan Yuli, yanayin zafin jiki ya kai digiri 0-5, kuma a cikin babban yankin, zafin na wani lokacin yakan iya tashi zuwa + 5- + 10 digiri Celsius. A wannan lokacin, 'ya'yan arewa na arewa da furanni suna fure, namomin kaza suna girma. Kuma har ma a lokacin rani, ana samun sanyi a wasu wurare.
Kaka ta zo a karshen watan Agusta, ita ma ba ta dadewa, domin a karshen watan Satumba hunturu ya riga ya sake dawowa. A wannan lokacin, yawan zafin jiki ya fara ne daga 0 zuwa -10 digiri. Polar night na sake dawowa, yayi sanyi da duhu.
Canza yanayin
Saboda aiki na anthropogenic, gurɓatar muhalli, canjin yanayin duniya ana faruwa a cikin Arctic. Masana sun lura cewa a cikin shekaru 600 da suka gabata, yanayin wannan yanki yana fuskantar canje-canje na ban mamaki. A wannan lokacin, akwai abubuwan da suka faru da dumamar yanayi da yawa. Wannan karshen ya kasance a farkon rabin karni na 20. Hakanan tasirin canjin duniya da kuma yawan yanayin iska yana tasiri tasirin canjin yanayi. A farkon karni na 20, canjin yanayi a Arctic yana kara dumi. Wannan yana nuna karuwar matsakaicin zafin shekara-shekara, raguwa a yanki da narkewar kankara. A ƙarshen wannan karni, Tekun Arctic na iya kawar da murfin kankara kwata-kwata.
Fasali na yanayin Arctic
Abubuwan da aka keɓance na Arctic sune ƙarancin yanayin zafi, ƙarancin zafi da haske. A irin wannan yanayi, bishiyoyi ba sa girma, ciyawa da shrub ne kawai. Yana da matukar wahala rayuwa a cikin arewa mai nisa a yankin arctic, saboda haka akwai takamaiman aiki anan. Mutane a nan suna tsunduma cikin binciken kimiyya, ma'adinai, kamun kifi. Gabaɗaya, don rayuwa a cikin wannan yankin, rayayyun halittu dole ne su dace da mummunan yanayi.
