Hannun ringi Smallananan dabbobi masu shayarwa ne daga alamomin hatimin gama gari. Ina kuma kiransu zoben ringin ko akibs. Sun sami suna ne saboda alamomi masu ban sha'awa a baya, masu kama da zobba. Godiya ga kitsen kitsen subcutaneous dinsu, wadannan like din zasu iya jure yanayin zafin jiki, wanda zai basu damar zama a yankin Arctic da subarctic. A cikin Svalbard, hatimin ringi wanda aka ringa yawo a kan kankara a cikin dukkan fjords.
Baya ga mazaunan tekun arewa, ana kuma lura da rarar ruwa mai kyau, waɗanda ake samu a cikin tabkunan Ladoga da Saimaa.
Bayani
Akiba ƙananan siliman ne-launin toka zuwa hatimin ruwan kasa. Cikin cikinsu galibi launin toka ne, kuma duwawansu duhu ne kuma suna da kyawawan alamu na ƙananan zobba, godiya ga abin da suka sami ainihin sunan su.
Jiki yana da tsayi, gajere, an lulluɓe shi da gashin maras ƙarfi. Kan yana karami, wuya ba shi da tsawo. Suna da manyan fika fiye da kaurin 2.5 cm, godiya ga abin da suka yanke ramuka a cikin kankara. Kamar yadda kuka sani, irin waɗannan ramuka na iya kaiwa zurfin zuwa mita biyu.
Dabbobin manya sun kai tsayi daga 1.1 zuwa 1.6 m kuma suna da nauyin kilogram 50-100. Kamar kowane like na arewa, nauyin jikinsu ya sha bamban da lokacin. Hannun da aka yi wa zobe sun fi komai ƙarfi a lokacin kaka kuma sun fi siriri sosai a ƙarshen bazara - farkon lokacin bazara, bayan lokacin kiwo da narkar da shekara-shekara. Maza sun fi mata girma kaɗan, kuma mazan sun fi mata duhu sosai a lokacin bazara fiye da mata saboda ɓoyewar ƙwayoyin halittar gland a cikin muzzal. A wasu lokuta na shekara, suna da wahalar rarrabewa. A haihuwa, cuba cuba suna da tsayi kusan 60 cm kuma nauyinsu ya kai kimanin kilogiram 4.5. An lullube su da furfura mai launin toka mai haske, mai haske a kan ciki kuma ya fi duhu a baya. Tsarin furji yana haɓaka tare da shekaru.
Godiya ga ingantaccen hangen nesa, ƙanshi da ji, hatimi masu kyau ne.
Wurin zama da halaye
Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, babban mazaunin waɗannan kyawawan masu cin abincin shine Arctic da Subarctic. A cikin yawancin kewayon su, suna amfani da kankara na teku ne kawai don kiwo, raɗa da wuraren hutawa. Suna rarrafe a kan ƙasa da ƙyar kuma ba tare da so ba.
Suna jagorancin rayuwa ta musamman. Ba safai suke tara cikin ƙungiyoyi ba, galibi a lokacin saduwarsu, a lokacin dumi. Sannan a cikin yankin bakin teku zaku iya samun rookeries na hatimin ringi, da yawansu ya kai mutum 50.
Abilityarfinsu na ƙirƙirarwa da kiyaye ramuka na numfashi a cikin kankara yana basu damar rayuwa koda a wuraren da sauran dabbobi, suma suka dace da yanayin ƙarancin yanayi, basa iya rayuwa.
Duk da dacewarsu da yanayin sanyi, hatimin ringi wani lokaci suna fuskantar matsalolin zafin rana na lokacin sanyi. Don tserewa daga sanyi, suna ƙirƙirar ɓoye a cikin dusar ƙanƙara a saman kankara ta teku. Waɗannan burbushin suna da mahimmanci musamman don rayuwar jarirai.
Alsannin ringi masu amo masu kyau ne. Suna iya nutsewa sama da mita 500, kodayake zurfin bai wuce wannan alamar a manyan wuraren ciyarwar ba.
Gina Jiki
A waje da lokacin kiwo da moult, ana rarraba rawanin hatimin ringi ta gaban abinci. Akwai karatun da yawa game da abincin su, kuma, duk da manyan bambance-bambancen yanki, suna nuna alamun yau da kullun.
Babban abincin waɗannan dabbobin shine kifi, wanda aka saba dashi ga wani yanki. A matsayinka na mai mulki, ba a sami waɗanda suka kamu da cutar 10-15 wanda ke da nau'ikan nau'ikan 2-4 da yawa a cikin filin hatimi. Suna ɗaukar abincin da yake ƙarami a cikin girma - har zuwa 15 cm a tsayi kuma har zuwa 6 cm a faɗi.
Suna cin kifi sau da yawa fiye da masu juyawa, amma zaɓin sau da yawa ya dogara da yanayi da ƙimar makamashin kama. Abincin abincin da aka ringa ringa yawanci hada cod, perch, herring da capelin, wadanda suke da yawa a cikin ruwan tekun arewacin. Amfani da invertebrates, a bayyane, ya zama mai dacewa a lokacin bazara, kuma ya fi yawa a cikin abincin yara dabbobi.
Sake haifuwa
Hannun mata masu ringi suna isa balaga tun suna shekaru 4, yayin da maza kawai da shekaru 7. Mata na haƙa ƙaramin kogwanni a cikin kankara mai kauri a kan kankara ko kan tudu. Ana haihuwar zuriyar ne bayan ɗaukar ciki na wata tara a watan Maris ko Afrilu. A ƙa'ida, an haifi ɗiya ɗaya. Yaran daga madara yana ɗaukar sama da wata 1. A wannan lokacin, jariri ya sami nauyin kilogiram 20 na nauyi. A cikin 'yan makonni, za su iya zama ƙarƙashin ruwa na mintina 10.
Edararren alan Jariri edan ringi
Bayan haihuwar jariran, mata sun sake shirye don saduwa, yawanci a ƙarshen Afrilu. Bayan sun hadu, maza sukan bar mahaifiya mai ciki don neman sabon abu don yin kwalara.
Tsawancin rayuwar tambarin da aka buga a cikin daji, a cewar wasu majiyoyi, shekaru 25-30 ne.
Lamba
An tattara bayanan da ke akwai game da yaduwar hatimai masu ƙaho kuma an bincika a cikin 2016 IUCN Red List don ƙananan ƙididdiga biyar da aka sani. Kimanin ƙididdigar lambobi da yanayin yawan jama'a ga kowane ɗayan waɗannan ƙananan rukunoni sun kasance kamar haka:
- Arctic ringed hatimi 1,450,000, Trend ba a sani ba;
- Okhotsk ya buga hatimin hatimi - 44,000, ba a sani ba;
- Maɓallin hatimin Baltic - 11,500, ƙaruwar jama'a;
- Ladoga - 3000-4500, yanayin ci gaba;
- Saimaa - 135 - 190, ƙari a cikin ƙananan kuɗin.
Saboda girman sikelin sararin samaniya, yana da matukar wahalar gano ainihin adadin kananan kabilu a cikin Arctic da Okhotsk. Bayyana dalilai da yawa, kamar su mahalli masu yawa da jinsunan suka mamaye, rashin daidaiton sasantawa a wuraren da aka yi binciken, da kuma dangantakar da ba a sani ba tsakanin mutanen da aka lura da waɗanda ba a gani ba, suna hana masu bincike kafa ainihin adadin.
Koyaya, alkalumman da ke sama sun nuna cewa adadin mutanen da suka manyanta sun fi miliyan 1.5, kuma jimilar mutane fiye da miliyan 3 ne.
Tsaro
Baya ga belar belar, wanda ke haifar da babbar haɗari ga hatimin ringi, waɗannan dabbobin galibi sukan faɗa cikin tarkon ɓarna, da kerkeci, da wolf, da kyarkyami, har ma da manyan hankaka da gorin da suke farautar yara.
Koyaya, ba tsarin ƙa'idar yanayi na yawan jama'a bane ya haifar da hatimai masu ƙaho a cikin Littafin Ja, amma yanayin ɗan adam. Gaskiyar ita ce, duk da duk matakan kariya, yawancin mutanen arewa suna ci gaba da farautar hatimin har wa yau, a matsayin tushen nama da fatu masu tamani.
Gabaɗaya, duk da shirye-shirye iri-iri, ba a ƙirƙiri wani tanadi guda ɗaya a cikin ma'adanai ba, inda tambura keɓaɓɓu na iya ƙara yawan mutanensu da yardar kaina.
