Kogin Kuznetsk kwal shine mafi girman ma'adinai a Rasha. A wannan yankin, ana fitar da albarkatu masu mahimmanci da sarrafa su. Yankin yankin yana da kilomita dubu 26.7.
Wuri
Gilashin kwal yana cikin Siberia ta Yamma (a yankin kudanci). Mafi yawan yankin yana cikin yankin Kemerovo, wanda ya shahara da arzikin ma'adanai, gami da ruwan kasa mai ruwan kasa da tauri. Yankin yana cikin rami mara zurfi wanda ke zagaye da matsakaiciyar matsakaiciyar Kuznetsk Alatau Upland a gefe guda da Salair Ridge Upland, da kuma yankin tsaunuka-taiga Gornaya Shoria a ɗaya bangaren.
Yankin yana da wani suna - Kuzbass. Taiga ya bazu a gefen gabas da kudanci, amma a bayyane shimfiɗar kwarin yana da yanayin tudu da gandun daji. Babban kogunan yankin su ne Tom, Chumysh, Inya da Yaya. A cikin yankin kwal akwai manyan cibiyoyin masana'antu, gami da Prokopyevsk, Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo. A cikin waɗannan yankuna, suna cikin masana'antar kwal, ƙarfe da ƙarancin ƙarfe, makamashi, ilmin sunadarai da aikin injiniya.
Halin hali
Masu bincike sun gano cewa kusan ɗakunan kwal na ɗari da hamsin daban-daban suna da ƙarfi a ɓangaren ɗaukar kwal. An rarraba su ba daidai ba, alal misali, ɗakin Tarbaganskaya ya haɗa da layuka 19, yayin da Balakhonskaya da Kalchuginskaya keɓaɓɓu suna da 237. Mafi girman kauri sun kai mita 370. A matsayinka na mai mulki, yadudduka masu girman 1.3 zuwa 4 m sun fi rinjaye, amma a wasu yankuna, ƙimar ta kai 9, 15, wani lokacin ma 20 m.
Matsakaicin zurfin ma'adinai ya kai mita 500. A mafi yawan lokuta, zurfafawa ya kai 200 m.
A cikin yankunan basin, yana yiwuwa a cire ma'adinai masu halaye daban-daban. Koyaya, masana a fagen suna da'awar cewa suna daga cikin mafi kyawu anan. Don haka, kwal mafi kyau duka ya kamata ya ƙunshi danshi 5-15%, 4-16% ƙazantar toka, mafi ƙarancin adadin phosphorus a cikin abun (har zuwa 0.12%), bai wuce 0.6% sulfur da mafi ƙarancin ƙarancin abubuwa masu illa ba.
Matsaloli
Babbar matsalar kwandon kwal na Kuznetsk shine wuri mara kyau. Gaskiyar ita ce, yankin yana nesa da manyan yankuna waɗanda zasu iya zama masu yuwuwar amfani, saboda haka ana ɗaukarsa mara amfani. A sakamakon haka, matsaloli suna faruwa a cikin jigilar ma'adinai, tun da hanyoyin sadarwar jirgin ƙasa a cikin wannan yankin ba su da ci gaba sosai. A sakamakon haka, akwai mahimman farashin zirga-zirga, wanda ke haifar da raguwar gasa ta gawayi, da kuma damar ci gaban kwarin a nan gaba.
Daya daga cikin mahimman matsalolin shine yanayin muhalli a yankin. Tunda tsananin ci gaban tattalin arziki yana da yawa, yawancin masana'antun da suke haƙo ma'adinai da sarrafa shi suna aiki kusa da ƙauyuka. A cikin waɗannan yankuna, yanayin yanayin ƙasa yana cikin rikici har ma da bala'i. Garuruwan Mezhdurechensk, Novokuznetsk, Kaltan, Osinniki da sauransu musamman masu saukin kamuwa da mummunan tasirin. Sakamakon mummunan tasiri, lalacewar manyan duwatsu ke faruwa, gwamnatocin ruwan karkashin kasa ya canza, yanayi ya gamu da gurɓatar sinadarai.
Hanyoyi
Akwai hanyoyi guda uku don hakar kwal a cikin Kogin Kuznetsk: ƙarƙashin ƙasa, na ruwa da buɗe. Irin wannan samfurin mutane da ƙananan kamfanoni suna siyan shi. Koyaya, a cikin kwandon, ana haƙo gawayi mai ƙarancin inganci, duka mafi ƙanƙanci da mafi girma maki.
Karuwar hakar kwal a fili zai kasance mai karfin gwiwa ga ci gaban yankin da kuma hanyar sadarwar sufuri. Tuni a cikin 2030, rabon yankin Kemerovo a cikin samar da kwal ya zama 51% na jimlar ƙasar.
Hanyoyin hakar kwal
Hanyar karkashin kasa ta haƙar kwal ta zama gama gari. Tare da taimakonta, zaku iya samun kyawawan kayan albarkatu, amma a lokaci guda hanya ce mafi haɗari. Yanayi yakan faru wanda ma'aikata ke ji rauni mai tsanani. Alarfin kwal da aka haƙa ta wannan hanyar ya ƙunshi ƙaramin abun cikin ash da yawan abubuwa masu illa.
Hanyar buɗewa ta dace a cikin yanayin da ɗakunan kwal ba su da zurfi. Don cire ma'adinan daga ma'adanan, ma'aikata suna cire nauyi (galibi ana amfani da bulldozer). Wannan hanyar tana samun karbuwa sosai saboda burbushin halittu sunfi tsada sosai.
Ana amfani da hanyar ta ruwa ne kawai a inda ake samun ruwan karkashin kasa.
Masu amfani
Babban masu amfani da gawayi sune masana'antun da ke kera irin waɗannan masana'antar kamar coke da sinadarai. Haɗin ma'adinai yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ƙirƙirar makamashin makamashi. Foreignasashen waje suna da mahimmanci masu amfani. Ana fitar da kwal zuwa kasashen Japan, Turkiyya, Burtaniya da Finland. Kowace shekara kayayyaki suna ƙaruwa kuma ana kammala sabbin kwangila tare da wasu jihohi, misali, tare da ƙasashen Asiya. Kudancin Rasha da Yammacin Siberia, da Urals, suna ci gaba da kasancewa masu sayayya a kasuwar cikin gida.
Hannayen jari
Yawancin wuraren ajiyar suna cikin yanki da yankuna na tattalin arziki kamar Leninsky da Erunakovsky. Kimanin tan biliyan 36 na kwal aka mai da hankali a nan. Yankin Tom-Usinskaya da Prokopyevsko-Kiselevskaya suna da tan biliyan 14, Kondomskaya da Mrasskaya - tan biliyan 8, Kemerovo da Baidaevskaya - tan biliyan 6.6. Zuwa yau, masana’antun masana’antu sun samar da kashi 16% na dukkan kudaden.
