Albarkatun kasa na daji

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Albarkatun gandun daji sune fa'ida mafi fa'ida ta duniyar tamu, wanda, da rashin alheri, ba'a kiyaye shi daga aikin anthropogenic. Ba wai bishiyoyi kawai ke girma a cikin gandun daji ba, har ma da shrubs, ganye, shuke-shuke masu magani, namomin kaza, 'ya'yan itatuwa, alade da gansakuka. Dogaro da ɓangaren duniya, gandun daji iri daban-daban ne, wanda ya dogara, da farko, kan nau'ikan halittar dazuzzuka:

  • na wurare masu zafi;
  • subtropical;
  • yankewa;
  • conifers;
  • gauraye

A sakamakon haka, an samar da nau'in gandun daji na kuka a kowane yanki na yanayi. Dogaro da canjin ganyayyaki, akwai tsire-tsire da tsire-tsire, da kuma hade dazuzzuka. Gaba ɗaya, ana samun gandun daji a duk sassan duniya, ban da Arctic da Antarctic. Ostiraliya tana da ƙananan daji. Akwai yankuna da yawa da ke dazuzzuka a Amurka da yankin Kongo, a kudu maso gabashin Asiya da Kanada, a Rasha da Kudancin Amurka.

Bambancin yanayin halittu na gandun daji

Gandun daji masu zafi suna da mafi girman nau'ikan nau'ikan flora da fauna. Ferns, dabino, lyes, lianas, bamboos, epiphytes da sauran wakilai suna girma anan. A cikin gandun daji masu nisa, akwai bishiyoyi da magnolias, dabino da itacen oak, cryptomerias da laurels.

Mixed gandun daji na dauke da manyan bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi masu faɗi. Gandun daji masu rarrafe suna wakiltar itacen pine, larch, spruce da fir. Wasu lokuta wani yanki mai girma yana rufe bishiyoyi iri ɗaya, kuma wani lokacin ana haɗuwa da nau'i biyu ko uku, alal misali, gandun daji-spruce pine. Bishiyoyi masu yalwa suna gida ga itacen oaks da maple, lindens da aspens, elms da beeches, birch da ash ash.

Yawancin tsuntsaye da yawa suna rayuwa a cikin rawanin bishiyoyi. Iri iri daban-daban suna samun gidansu a nan, duk ya dogara da yankin yanayin yanayi inda daji yake. Daga cikin bishiyoyin, masu farauta da shuke-shuke da daddawa suna rayuwa, macizai, kadangaru suna rarrafe, ana samun kwari.

Kula da albarkatun gandun daji

Matsalar albarkatun gandun daji na zamani shine kiyaye gandun daji na duniya. Ba don komai ba ake kiran gandun daji huhun duniyar, kamar yadda bishiyoyi ke samar da iskar oxygen ta hanyar shan iskar carbon dioxide. Ba don dubbai da ɗaruruwan shekaru na rayuwar mutum ba, matsalar ɓacewar gandun daji ta taso, amma kawai a cikin karnin da ya gabata. Miliyoyin kadada na bishiyoyi sun yanke, babbar asara. A wasu ƙasashe, daga 25% zuwa 60% na gandun daji sun lalace, kuma a wasu wuraren ma fiye da haka. Baya ga sarewa, dajin na fuskantar barazanar gurbatar kasa, yanayi da ruwa. A yau dole ne muyi ƙoƙari mu kiyaye gandun daji, in ba haka ba har ma da raguwarsa zai zama bala'in muhalli na duniya ga duniya baki ɗaya.

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Kalli bidiyon: 2. díl: OSVČ jako vedlejší činnost - Jak vyplnit přiznání k dani z příjmů fyzických osob (Nuwamba 2024).