Dangane da rarrabuwa gabaɗaya, tsire-tsire sun kasu kashi biyu masu raɗaɗɗu da yanke jiki. Na karshen sun hada da wadanda suka zubar da koren rufinsu a wani lokaci. A ƙa'ida, irin waɗannan bishiyoyi suna girma yayin bazara-bazara, suna canza launi yayin kaka, sannan su zubar da ganyensu. Wannan shine yadda suke daidaitawa da sanyin hunturu.
Gandun daji da ke yanke itace suna dauke da nau'ikan bishiyoyi daban daban, shrubs da ciyawa. Mafi yawansu su ne babban nau'in fata irin su itacen oak, maple, beech, gyada, kahon da kuma kirjin. Treesananan bishiyoyi kamar su birch, poplar, Linden, alder da aspen suma sun zama gama gari.
Akwai nau'o'in albarkatu iri daban-daban, kamar su laurel na dutse, azaleas, da moss, waɗanda ke rayuwa a cikin daji mai inuwa inda ƙarancin hasken rana ke kaiwa.
Dazuzzuka na Rasha
A yankin ƙasar Rasha, dazuzzuka masu daƙiƙa sun mamaye tsintsiya madaidaiciya tsakanin matattakan kudu da arewacin gandun daji masu gauraye. Wannan dunƙulen ya faɗo daga ƙasashen Baltic zuwa Urals da ƙetarensa, zuwa Novosibirsk da iyakar Mongolia. Wannan yankin yana da yanayi mai dumi da danshi.
A cikin yankuna arewacin, itacen oak na kowa, Linden, ash, Maple, Elm galibi sanannu ne. A ɓangaren yamma da na kudanci, nau'ikan nau'ikan suna ƙaruwa saboda ƙaho, ƙwannin birch, kwayoyi, sycamore, ceri mai daɗi, poplar.
Yawancin gandun daji na sakandare a cikin wannan yankin tsarkakakkun birch ne, sanannen mashahuri ne tsakanin masu zane-zanen Rasha. Kada ku ƙidaya nau'ikan shrubs da ciyawa waɗanda ke da wadata a yankin gandun daji na Rasha.
.Asa
A cikin yawancin gandun daji da ke da ƙarancin ƙasa, ƙasa mai ruwan kasa ta mamaye. Wannan ƙasa ce mai matukar ni'ima. A lokacin faduwa, ganyaye suna fadowa daga bishiyoyi, suna ruɓewa kuma suna taimakawa wajen bawa ƙasa abinci mai kyau. Tsutsotsi na ƙasa suna taimakawa wajen haɗuwa da abinci ta hanyar wadatar da shi da humus.
Tushen bishiyoyin suna zurfafawa cikin ƙasa, suna samun abinci mai gina jiki a lokacin shukar. Koyaya, tare da farkon kaka, ganyayen sun lalace kuma suna wadatar da ƙasa tare da abubuwa masu amfani.
Yankin gandun daji
Akwai gandun daji masu yanke itace tsakanin subtropics da yankin gauraye da kuma gandun daji coniferous. Wuri ne tsakanin 500-600 da 430-460 latitudes. Nuna yanayin latitude hoto ne na madubi ga arewaci da Kudancin duniya. Duk da cewa, mafi yawan manyan dazuzzuka na duniya galibi suna cikin Arewa. Za ku same su a Turai, Arewacin Amurka, sassan Rasha, China da Japan.
Akwai dazuzzuka masu yanke kauna a Yankin Kudancin Duniya kuma, kodayake yawanci suna da ƙanƙan da yawa kuma suna faɗaɗa fadin New Zealand, kudu maso gabashin Australia da Kudancin Asiya. Kudancin Amurka na da manyan yankuna biyu na dazuzzuka a kudancin Chile da Paraguay. Ya kamata a san cewa flora da fauna a cikin su yawanci ya bambanta da rayuwar arewa.
Dazuzzuka masu yanke shuke-shuke sukan yi girma a cikin yankuna masu tudu tare da wasu nau'ikan ƙasa.
Yanayi
Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, ba kamar conifers ba, ana bayyana bishiyun bishiyoyi da gaskiyar cewa bishiyoyinsu na rasa ganyayensu sau ɗaya a shekara yayin da yanayi ke canzawa, ba sai an faɗa ba cewa yanayin yawancinsu ba mai wuce gona da iri bane, amma yana bambanta da yanayin. Waɗannan yankuna za su sami kyakkyawan yanayi guda huɗu, tare da ingantaccen tsarin nazarin halittu - ganye ya canza launi a lokacin kaka, ya faɗi a lokacin hunturu ya girma a cikin bazara. Hakanan wasu lokuta ana kiran gandun daji masu yanke jiki a matsayin mai sauƙin yanayi da farin ciki, wanda ke nuna cewa galibi ana samunsu a yankuna masu yanayi. Shi ne wanda ke ba da sanarwar yanayi, murfin dusar ƙanƙara a cikin hunturu da matsakaiciyar daidaitaccen yanayin hazo na shekara-shekara.
Matsakaicin yanayin zafi a cikin lokutan dumi shine + 15 C, kuma ƙasa, a matsayin mai mulkin, ya sauka ƙasa da 0 C. Yawan hazo ya kai 500-800 mm. Waɗannan ƙididdigar na iya bambanta dangane da yanayin yanayin ƙasa, kamar yadda, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, ana iya samun gandun daji masu yanke itace a duk duniya.
Don rayuwar yau da kullun ta gandun daji, lokacin dumi ya zama aƙalla kwanaki 120, amma a wasu yankuna ya kan kai kwanaki 250 a shekara ba tare da sanyi ba.
Yanayi a cikin dazuzzuka ya dogara da yanayin yankin. Sanyin hunturu yakan kara bambancin jinsunan ciyayi.
