Consideredaramar teku mafi ƙanƙanci a duniya ana ɗauke da Arctic. Tana cikin yankin arewacin duniyar duniyar, ruwan dake ciki yayi sanyi, kuma saman ruwan yana rufe da kankara iri daban-daban. Wannan yanki na ruwa ya fara samuwa a cikin lokacin Cretaceous, lokacin da, a gefe ɗaya, aka raba Turai daga Arewacin Amurka, kuma a ɗaya bangaren, akwai haɗuwar Amurka da Asiya. A wannan lokacin, layukan manyan tsibirai da rairayin bakin teku sun samu. Don haka, rabon sararin samaniya ya faru, kuma aka raba tafkin Tekun Arewacin daga Pacific. Da shigewar lokaci, tekun ya fadada, nahiyoyi suka hauhawa, kuma motsin farantan lithospheric ya ci gaba har zuwa yau.
Tarihin ganowa da nazarin Tekun Arctic
Na dogon lokaci, ana ɗaukar Tekun Arctic a matsayin teku, ba mai zurfin gaske ba, tare da ruwan sanyi. Sun mallaki yankin ruwa na dogon lokaci, sun yi amfani da albarkatunta, musamman, sun haƙo algae, sun kama kifi da dabbobi. Kawai a cikin karni na sha tara ne F. Nansen ya gudanar da bincike mai mahimmanci, godiya ga wanda zai yiwu a tabbatar da cewa Arctic teku ce. Haka ne, ya fi yawa a yanki fiye da Pacific ko Atlantic, amma yana da cikakkiyar teku tare da tsarin halittarta, yana daga cikin Tekun Duniya.
Tun daga wannan lokacin, an gudanar da cikakken nazarin binciken teku. Don haka, R. Byrd da R. Amundsen a farkon rubu'in karni na ashirin suka gudanar da binciken tsuntsaye da idanuwa game da teku, balaguronsu ya kasance ta jirgin sama. Daga baya, aka gudanar da tashoshin kimiyya, an tanadar musu da dabarun hawa kankara. Wannan ya ba da damar yin nazarin ƙasa da yanayin yanayin teku. Wannan shine yadda aka gano jerin tsaunukan da ke ƙarƙashin ruwa.
Daya daga cikin sanannun balaguron shine tawagar Burtaniya, wacce ta tsallaka tekun da ƙafa daga 1968 zuwa 1969. Hanyar su ta faro daga Turai zuwa Amurka, makasudin shine nazarin duniyar flora da fauna, har ma da yanayin yanayi.
Fiye da sau ɗaya aka yi nazarin Tekun Arctic ta hanyar balaguro a kan jiragen ruwa, amma wannan yana da rikitarwa saboda gaskiyar cewa an rufe yankin ruwan da kankara, ana samun kankara. Baya ga tsarin ruwa da duniyar karkashin ruwa, ana nazarin glaciers. A nan gaba, daga kankara don cire ruwan da ya dace da abin sha, tunda yana da ƙarancin gishiri.
Tekun Arctic shine tsarin halittar duniya mai ban mamaki. Akwai sanyi a nan, kankara suna tafe, amma wannan wuri ne mai begen cigabanta da mutane. Kodayake a halin yanzu ana binciken teku, amma har yanzu ba a fahimta sosai ba.
