A halin yanzu, akwai kusan fasahohin fasaha guda biyu waɗanda ke ba ku damar kawar da sharar gida iri-iri. Amma ba duka bane masu kaunar muhalli ba. Denis Gripas, shugaban wani kamfani da ke ba da suturar roba ta Jamus, zai yi magana game da sabbin fasahohin sarrafa shara.
Humanan Adam suna aiki tuƙuru don zubar da sharar masana'antu da ta gida kawai a farkon karni na 21. Kafin wannan, ana jefa duk datti a cikin keɓaɓɓun wuraren shara. Daga can, abubuwa masu cutarwa suka shiga cikin ƙasa, suka shiga cikin ruwan karkashin ƙasa, kuma daga ƙarshe suka ƙare a cikin jikin ruwa mafi kusa.
Game da abin da ƙonewa yake kaiwa
A cikin 2017, Majalisar Turai ta ba da shawarar sosai ga mambobin EU su yi watsi da shuke-shuken da ke ɓarnatar da sharar. Wasu kasashen Turai sun gabatar da sabon ko karin kudin haraji da ake da shi kan kona sharar gari. Kuma an dakatar da gina masana'antun da ke lalata shara ta amfani da tsofaffin hanyoyin.
Kwarewar duniya game da lalata sharar gida tare da taimakon murhu ya kasance mara kyau ƙwarai. Masana'antun da aka gina bisa ga tsofaffin fasahohin ƙarshen ƙarni na 20 ƙazantar iska, ruwa da ƙasa tare da kayayyakin sarrafa mai guba mai guba.
Ana fitar da adadi masu yawa masu haɗari ga lafiya da muhalli cikin yanayi - furans, dioxins da resins masu cutarwa. Wadannan abubuwa suna haifar da mummunan aiki a jiki, suna haifar da cututtuka masu tsanani.
Kamfanoni ba sa lalata sharar gida gaba ɗaya, 100%. A yayin aiwatar da ƙonawa, kusan 40% na slag da toka, waɗanda suka ƙara yawan guba, sun kasance daga jimlar yawan sharar. Wannan sharar ma tana bukatar zubar dashi. Bugu da ƙari, sun fi haɗari nesa ba kusa da 'ɗan fari' kayan albarkatun da ake samarwa ga shuke-shuke masu sarrafawa.
Kar ka manta game da kuɗin batun. Tsarin ƙonewa yana buƙatar mahimmancin amfani da kuzari. Lokacin sake amfani da shara, ana fitar da adadin carbon dioxide mai yawa, wanda shine ɗayan abubuwan da ke haifar da dumamar yanayi. Yarjejeniyar ta Paris ta dauki haraji mai tsoka kan hayakin da ke cutar da muhalli daga kasashen EU.
Me yasa hanyar plasma tafi dacewa da muhalli
Neman hanyoyin aminci don zubar da sharar na ci gaba. A cikin 2011, masanin ilimin Rasha Phillip Rutberg ya kirkiro wata fasaha don ƙona sharar ta amfani da plasma. A gare ta, masanin kimiyya ya sami kyautar Global Energy Prize, wanda a fagen ilimin makamashi ya yi daidai da kyautar Nobel.
Mahimmancin hanyar ita ce, kayan da aka lalata ba a ƙone su ba, amma suna fuskantar gas, gaba ɗaya ban da tsarin ƙonewa. Ana aiwatar da zubar dashi a cikin takaddama ta musamman - plasmatron, inda za'a iya zafin plasma daga digiri 2 zuwa 6 dubu.
Arkashin tasirin yanayin zafi mai ɗumi, iskar gas tana daɗaɗa kuma an rarraba ta cikin ƙwayoyin mutum. Abubuwan da ke cikin ƙwayoyin cuta suna yin slag. Tunda tsarin ƙonewa kwata-kwata baya ciki, babu wasu sharuɗɗan bayyanar fitowar abubuwa masu haɗari: gubobi da iskar carbon dioxide.
Plasma na maida sharar gida zuwa kayan amfani masu amfani. Daga sharar gida, ana samun iskar gas, wanda za'a iya sarrafa shi zuwa giya ta ethyl, man dizal har ma da mai na injunan roka. Slag, wanda aka samo daga abubuwa marasa asali, yana aiki ne a matsayin tushen samar da allon sanyaya zafin jiki da kuma siminti mai iska.
An riga an yi amfani da ci gaban Rutberg cikin nasara a ƙasashe da yawa: a cikin Amurka, Japan, Indiya, China, Burtaniya, Kanada.
Halin da ake ciki a Rasha
Ba a yi amfani da hanyar gas ɗin plasma a Rasha ba tukuna. A cikin 2010, hukumomin Moscow sun shirya gina cibiyar sadarwar masana'antu 8 ta amfani da wannan fasaha. Har yanzu ba a ƙaddamar da aikin ba kuma yana kan matakin ci gaba mai aiki, tun da hukumar birni ta ƙi gina tsire-tsire masu ƙone sharar dioxin.
Adadin wuraren zubar da shara na karuwa a kowace shekara, kuma idan ba a dakatar da wannan tsari ba, Rasha na fuskantar barazanar sanya ta cikin jerin kasashen da ke gab da fuskantar wani bala'in muhalli.
Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci a warware matsalar zubar da shara ta amfani da fasahohi masu aminci waɗanda ba sa cutar da mahalli ko nemo madadin da zai ba da izini, alal misali, sake sarrafa shara da samun samfurin na biyu.
Gwani-Denis Gripas shine shugaban kamfanin Alegria. Yanar gizon kamfanin https://alegria-bro.ru
