Bishiyoyi daban-daban suna girma cikin cakuda dazuzzuka. Dabbobin da ke samar da gandun daji duk suna da fadi (maples, itacen oaks, lindens, birches, hornbeams) da conifers (pines, larch, fir, spruce). A cikin irin wadannan yankuna na halitta, ana yin ƙasa-ƙasa, launin ruwan kasa da launin toka. Suna da matsakaicin matsayi na humus, wanda ya samo asali ne saboda haɓakar ciyawar da yawa a cikin waɗannan gandun daji. Ana wanke baƙin ƙarfe da yumɓu daga cikin su.
Sod-podzolic ƙasa
A cikin dazuzzuka-deciduous gandun daji, ƙasar iri-iri sod-podzolic an yadu kafa. A ƙarƙashin yanayin gandun daji, an samar da sararin samaniya mai tarin yawa, kuma layin sod ba shi da kauri sosai. Sinadarin ash da nitrogen, magnesium da calcium, iron da potassium, aluminum da hydrogen, da sauran abubuwa, suna da hannu cikin tsarin samuwar kasa. Matsayin haihuwa na irin wannan ƙasa ba ta da yawa, tun da an lalata yanayin. Sodasar Sod-podzolic ta ƙunshi daga 3 zuwa 7% humus. Hakanan an wadatar dashi a cikin silica kuma talaka a cikin phosphorus da nitrogen. Irin wannan ƙasa tana da ƙarfin danshi.
Grey ƙasa da burozems
Ana yin ƙasa mai launin ruwan kasa da toka a cikin dazuzzuka inda bishiyoyi masu daɗaɗɗu da tsire-tsire suke girma lokaci guda. Nau'in launin toka yana canzawa ne tsakanin ƙasa podzolic da chernozems. Gurar ƙasa tana yin yanayi a cikin yanayi mai dumi kuma iri-iri iri-iri. Wannan yana ba da gudummawa ga gaskiyar cewa ƙwayoyin tsire-tsire, najasar dabbobi saboda ayyukan ƙwayoyin cuta sun haɗu, kuma babban layin humus wanda aka wadatar da abubuwa daban-daban ya bayyana. Ya fi zurfin ciki kuma yana da launi mai duhu. Koyaya, kowace bazara, idan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke, ƙasa tana fuskantar danshi mai mahimmanci da leaching.
Abin sha'awa
An kafa ƙasa mai launin ruwan kasa a yanayi mai zafi fiye da na gandun daji. Don ƙirƙirar su, lokacin rani ya zama yana da zafi sosai, kuma a lokacin sanyi bai kamata a sami dusar ƙanƙara mai dindindin ba. An shafe ƙasa sosai a ko'ina cikin shekara. A karkashin waɗannan sharuɗɗan, humus ya zama mai launin ruwan kasa.
A cikin gandun daji da aka haɗu, zaku iya samun nau'ikan ƙasa iri-iri: burozems, gandun daji mai toka da sod-podzol. Yanayin samuwar su kusan iri daya ne. Kasancewar akwai ciyawa mai yawa da kuma gandun daji suna ba da gudummawa ga gaskiyar cewa an wadatar da ƙasa da humus, amma ɗimbin ƙoshin ruwa yana ba da gudummawa ga ɓarnatar da abubuwa daban-daban, wanda hakan ke ɗan rage wadatar ƙasa.
